A Pre-Protocol/Post-Protocol Quality Improvement Initiative Specific to One Hospital for Security of Pathologic Specimen

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to reduce errors in a pathologic specimen with the help of a protocol systematizing the pathology specimen management process in the operating room.Materials and methodThis quasi-experimental study was carried out in the operating room unit of a research and training hospital. A protocol systematizing the process of specimen management in secure surgical pathology and prepared in light of the current literature was used as an intervention, and the effectiveness of the protocol was tested.ResultsIt was determined that the rate of adverse events decreased from .3226% (68 of 21,078) to .032% (6 of 18,706) after the protocol systematizing the surgical pathology specimen management process prepared by the researchers, and the protocol was found to be effective by 90% (P = .03).ConclusionBased on the data obtained in this study, we recommend the use of a pathologic specimen management protocol in the operating room.     

实验教学中尿液标本有形成分的保存

在医学实验教学中 ,形态学标本来源很特殊 ,它不能人工制造 ,病理性标本只能从病人处取得 ,然而所需病人不是经常有 ,因此 ,研究实验教学标本的收集与保存的方法 ,十分必要。本文即是对实验诊断学实验教学中 ,尿液标本中有形成分的保存方法 ,进行了一些探讨     

Quantitative real-time PCR detection of adenovirus in clinical blood specimens: A comparison of plasma, whole blood and peripheral blood mononuclear cells

BACKGROUND: Detection and quantification of adenovirus (ADV) in peripheral blood specimens has become an increasingly important tool in the management of immunosuppressed patients. Investigators have described the use of whole blood (WB), peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), serum and plasma but no studies have compared the utility of these different sample types for use in a clinical diagnostic assay. OBJECTIVES: To determine the optimal blood compartment for quantitative real-time measurement of adenovirus in peripheral blood specimens. STUDY DESIGN: WB, PBMC, and plasma representing 338 samples from 148 patients were tested for ADV by quantitative real-time PCR (qrt-PCR) and the results compared for concordance of both qualitative sensitivity and viral load among positive specimens. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in qualitative sensitivity among the three tested specimen types. Quantitative values of WB and plasma were similar and tended to be greater than those found in PBMC samples. Comparison of consecutive positive samples within individual patients showed that viral loads tracked similarly over time, irrespective of the sample type tested. CONCLUSION: While WB and plasma do not offer a significant increase in sensitivity over PBMC, they may offer benefits in terms of reduced processing costs and laboratory turn around time.     

论医疗纠纷处理技巧与防范程序的建立

近年来,医院发生医疗纠纷的频率有上升态势,处理纠纷难度亦日益加大,是医院管理者经常面临的难题。依据多年从事医院医疗质量管理的实践经验和相关资料分析认为:医疗纠纷增多的现象不仅与医务人员的医疗技术、服务态度、管理人员素质、管理作风和医院对纠纷处理的方式有关,与公民的社会保健知识和法律意识的增强等因素亦有相关性。令人满意的医疗纠纷处理办法在于是否能从错综复杂的医疗纠纷中寻找其发生、发展和解决的规律,处理医疗纠纷重在把握好三个基本原则和运用技巧。此外,认为解决纠纷与防范纠纷具有同等的重要性,并对医疗缺陷防范程序的建立以及在现代医院管理中的意义进行了初步探讨。     

《医疗事故处理条例》对重庆市临床医师的心理影响评价

目的掌握和评价<医疗事故处理条例>(以下简称<条例>)颁布以来重庆市临床医师所面临的心理压力的现状,分析<条例>内容与这种心理压力之间的相关性.方法应用<焦虑自评量表>(SAS)和针对<条例>内容设计的<临床医师心理压力调查问卷>对样本医师群体进行调查.结果 (1)样本群体的SAS平均分高于正常人群及<条例>颁布前医护人员的平均分,差异具有统计学意义;(2)<条例>内容与心理压力之间存在一定的相关性.结论<条例>颁布后给重庆市的临床医师带来了一定的心理压力,管理者应针对这种情况研究为临床医师减压的问题.     

医院院长必须要处理好的几个关系

文章阐述了院长必须处理好的几个关系:一是必须正确处理办院方向与贯彻党的方针政策的关系;二是必须正确处理与上级的关系;三是必须正确处理两个一把手的关系;四是必须正确处理与副职的关系;五是必须正确处理与科主任的关系;六是正确处理与员工的关系。     

Handling of the MED-EL TEMPO+ ear-level speech processor by paediatric cochlear implant users and their parents

MED-EL launched the first ear-level speech processor offering a high-rate CIS+ strategy, the TEMPO+, in 1999. Studies have already demonstrated improved speech perception, sound quality and ability to enjoy music with the TEMPO+ due to the new CIS+ speech-coding strategy, when compared to the body-worn processor. In this study we evaluated responses from parents of young children about ease of handling and usage of the TEMPO+, and satisfaction with the TEMPO+ and its performance. Overall, 65 custom-designed questionnaires were analysed. The results showed that MED-EL cochlear implant users felt comfortable manipulating the dials and switches, changing the battery pack, using external sources of input and using the accessories provided. These results confirm the suitability of the TEMPO+ for infants and toddlers.     

Specimen processing during laparoscopic renal surgery: a review of techniques and technologies

Laparoscopic surgery has well-defined benefits for patients and has become accepted over time as a standard access strategy for the management of benign and malignant urologic diseases. Unlike in open surgery, the surgeon is often faced with the additional challenges of specimen retrieval and extraction at the end of laparoscopic extirpative procedures. This final step often requires significant laparoscopic skill to entrap and safely extract the laparoscopic specimens. Failure to apply safe exit steps at the end of a laparoscopic procedure may lead to significant morbidity. The aim of this review is to explore the different techniques and technologies available for laparoscopic kidney retrieval, entrapment and safe extraction.     

The management of incidental findings of reduction mammoplasty specimens

Reduction mammoplasty is one of the most commonly performed procedures in plastic surgery. Occasionally, there are findings reported by pathologists that are unfamiliar to the treating surgeon. The aim of the present study was to determine the types of pathologies encountered in reduction mammoplasty specimens. From this list of diagnoses, a best practice guideline for management will be organized to better assist plastic surgeons in the management of patients with incidental findings on pathology reports. A total of 441 pathology reports from patients who underwent bilateral or unilateral reduction mammoplasty in the past three years were identified. A list of 21 different pathologies was generated from the pathology reports, along with supplemental data from recent texts and articles. Occult carcinomas were encountered in two cases (0.45%) and high-risk lesions were found in three cases (0.68%) at the authors’ institution. An algorithm was then constructed to organize the pathologies according to risk of malignancy and assign them to a management guideline. There are many different lesions encountered incidentally in reduction mammoplasty specimens that may or may not confer some cancer risk. It is important for plastic surgeons to know which lesions need closer follow-up to provide the best care for their patients.     

凝血检验标本采集与处理过程中的质量控制分析

目的观察分析凝血检验标本采集与处理过程中的质量控制。方法选择凝血检验标本采集与处理强化质控措施实施后(2018年3月至2019年2月)和实施前(2017年3月至2018年2月)在本院行凝血检验的健康体检者各41例,分别作为观察组和对照组。收集两组待检查者的标本采集、处理过程记录,比较两组标本不合格发生率。结果观察组凝血检验标本不合格发生率(2.44%,1/41)显著低于对照组(19.51%,8/41),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论强化质控措施可有效提升凝血检验标本采集与处理过程规范性,降低不合格标本风险,有助于保障凝血检验准确性和有效性,临床应用价值较高。