Effect of Solanum trilobatum on hepatic drug metabolising enzymes during diethylnitrosamine-induced hepatocarcinogenesis promoted by Phenobarbital in rat

The present study was aimed to investigate the chemopreventive effects of Solanum trilobatum (ST) extract against diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced hepatocarcinogenesis promoted by Phenobarbital (PB) in Wistar rats. Hepatocarcinogenesis was initiated by a single intraperitoneal injection of DEN (200 mg/kg b.w.) and promoted with PB (0.05%) in basal diet. The experimental study extended for periods of 13 and 26 weeks. Alcoholic extract of ST was orally administered for the entire experimental period after initiation along with commencement of promotion. The chemopreventive effect of ST was assessed from the incidence of nodules, drug metabolizing phase I components such as contents of cytochrome P450, cytochrome b(5), activities of NADPH cytochrome c reductase, NADH - cytochrome b(5) reductase and phase II components such as levels of glutathione, activities of UDP-glucuronyl transferase, glutathione S-transferase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase in the liver. Lipid peroxidation at basal and prooxidants-induced (NADPH + ADP + Fe and Ascorbate + Fe) states was assessed in the microsomes. Animals administered with ST extract evidenced significant inhibition of tumor nodular incidence in DEN + PB + ST animals compared to DEN + PB animals, with favorable alterations in the hepatic drug-metabolizing phase I and phase II components. Administration of ST inhibited basal and pro-oxidant-induced lipid peroxidation. The present result suggests the probable mediation of chemoprevention by ST against DEN-induced carcinogenesis by the modulation of drug metabolizing components in the liver of treated animals.     

FISH mapping and molecular organization of the major repetitive sequences of tomato

This paper presents a bird’s-eye view of the major repeats and chromatin types of tomato. Using fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) with Cot-1, Cot-10 and Cot-100 DNA as probes we mapped repetitive sequences of different complexity on pachytene complements. Cot-100 was found to cover all heterochromatin regions, and could be used to identify repeat-rich clones in BAC filter hybridization. Next we established the chromosomal locations of the tandem and dispersed repeats with respect to euchromatin, nucleolar organizer regions (NORs), heterochromatin, and centromeres. The tomato genomic repeats TGRII and TGRIII appeared to be major components of the pericentromeres, whereas the newly discovered TGRIV repeat was found mainly in the structural centromeres. The highly methylated NOR of chromosome 2 is rich in [GACA]₄, a microsatellite that also forms part of the pericentromeres, together with [GA]₈, [GATA]₄ and Ty1-copia. Based on the morphology of pachytene chromosomes and the distribution of repeats studied so far, we now propose six different chromatin classes for tomato: (1) euchromatin, (2) chromomeres, (3) distal heterochromatin and interstitial heterochromatic knobs, (4) pericentromere heterochromatin, (5) functional centromere heterochromatin and (6) nucleolar organizer region.     

Anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of the ethanolic extract of potato (Solanum tuberlosum)

The ethanol extract of potato tubers (Solanum tuberlosum L.) has been evaluated for antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities in mice. The acute treatment of mice with an ethanolic extract from the potato tuber at doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg, by oral administration, produced a significant anti-nociceptive effect in the acetic acid-induced writhing, formalin-induced pain licking and hot plate-induced pain. Also, the ethanolic extract of potato tubers significantly inhibited both carrageenan- and formalin-induced inflammation in mice as well as arachidonic acid-induced ear edema in mice. These inhibitions were statistically significant (p<0.05). These results provide support for the use of the ethanol extract of potato tuber in relieving inflammatory pain, and insight into the development of new agents for treating inflammatory diseases.     

苦参碱对人增生性瘢痕成纤维细胞增殖的体外抑制作用

组织损伤修复是人体自我保护的一个正常病理过程,而过度修复则会出现组织纤维化,影响组织、器官的正常功能,人增生性瘢痕是创伤过度修复的异常结果。苦参碱(matrine,Mat)广泛存在于豆科植物苦参、苦豆子及广豆根中,近年研究发现其具有较强的抗组织纤维化作用[1],目前关于Mat对人增生性瘢痕成纤维细胞(下文简称为成纤维细胞)作用的报道较少。本实验以成纤维细胞为靶细胞观察不同质量浓度的Mat在体外对该细胞增殖的影响,并对其抗纤维化作用机制进行初步研究。1材料与仪器苦参碱标准品(中国药品生物制品检定所提供);DMEM培养基(Gibco公司产…     

利用浸苗法将野生天麻总DNA导入马铃薯的研究

目的研究野生天麻总DNA对马铃薯的转化,分析马铃薯转化植株中野生天麻的药用成分天麻素。方法采用浸苗法将野生天麻总DNA导入马铃薯试管苗,通过紫外扫描法、PCR扩增筛选转化植株,对转化植株进行SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS—PAGE)蛋白分析,通过TLC法检测天麻素。结果(1)在200株转化的马铃薯中有21株的紫外扫描图谱与正常对照组有显著差异,且在220 nm有明显吸收峰。(2)5株经PCR扩增出野生天麻抗真菌蛋白(GAFP)基因。(3)转基因马铃薯与正常马铃薯的蛋白表达有明显差异,并且在转基因马铃薯中有一条与GAFP相同的条带。而正常马铃薯中无此条带。(4)通过薄层色谱法检测出3株转基因马铃薯表达野生天麻的有效药用成分天麻素。结论采用浸苗法进行外源总DNA导入是可行的。     

龙葵全草皂苷类化学成分研究

目的研究龙葵Solanum nigrum全草的皂苷类化学成分。方法采用硅胶、反相ODS开放柱色谱及反相HPLC等手段分离化合物,运用波谱技术分析确定化学结构。结果龙葵全草60%乙醇提取物经D-101大孔树脂柱吸附,获得的60%乙醇洗脱部分再经分离得到8个化合物。利用理化及波谱分析确定这些化合物结构分别为uttroside B(Ⅰ)、uttroside A(Ⅱ)、22α,25R-26-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-22-羟基-呋甾-Δ5-3β,26-二醇-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→2)-O-[β-D-吡喃木糖基-(1→3)]-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→4)-O-β-D-吡喃半乳糖苷(Ⅲ)、22α,25R-26-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-22-甲氧基-呋甾-Δ5-3β,26-二醇-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→2)-O-[β-D-吡喃木糖基-(1→3)]-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→4)-O-β-D-吡喃半乳糖苷(Ⅳ)、5α,22α,25R-26-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-22-羟基-呋甾-3β,26-二醇-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→2)-O-[β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→3)]-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→4)-O-β-D-吡喃半乳糖苷(Ⅴ)、5α,22α,25R-26-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-22-甲氧基-呋甾-3β,26-二醇-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→2)-O-[β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→3)]-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→4)-O-β-D-吡喃半乳糖苷(Ⅵ)、dumoside(Ⅶ)、5α,20S-3β,16β-二醇-孕甾-22-羧酸-(22,16)-内酯-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→2)-O-[β-D-吡喃木糖基-(1→3)]-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→4)-O-β-D-吡喃半乳糖苷(Ⅷ)。结论化合物Ⅲ～Ⅷ为首次从该属植物中分离得到。     

白毛藤生物碱对小鼠免疫功能及部分细胞因子mRNA表达的影响

 目的探讨白毛藤生物碱对小鼠免疫功能及细胞因子IL-2,IL-12,IFN-γ和TNF-αmRNA表达的影响。方法将BALB/c小鼠随机分成4组:白毛藤生物碱高(H组)、中(M组)、低(L组)3个剂量组和生理盐水对照组(C组),连续腹腔注射7d后,检测其单核巨噬细胞吞噬功能、二硝基氟苯(DNFB)诱导的小鼠迟发型变态反应(DTH)、胸腺指数和脾脏指数,并用RT-PCR的方法检测脾脏IL-2,IL-12,IFN-γ和TNF-αmRNA表达水平。结果L组和M组的廓清指数(K)、吞噬指数(α)、DNFB诱导的小鼠迟DTH、胸腺指数和脾脏指数均显著高于C组,H组K和α显著低于C组;白毛藤生物碱3个剂量组均能提高IL-2,IL-12,IFN-γ和TNF-αmRNA表达水平,与C组相比,M组最显著。结论白毛藤生物碱能有效提高机体的免疫功能及IL-2,IL-12,IFN-γ和TNF-αmRNA表达。     

A Study on Anti-Tumour Effect of Solanum Lyratum Thunb. Extract in S180 Tumour-Bearing Mice

The objective of the study was to investigate the anti-tumour effect of ethanol extract of Solanum lyratum Thunb. in S₁₈₀ tumour-bearing mice, and to preliminarily explore its mechanism of action. Methods: Mice were made into S₁₈₀ solid tumour model, grouped and administered. Tumour inhibition rate was measured by harvesting the tumours. Serum IL-2, TNF-a contents were measured by taking blood samples, and thymus index and spleen index were measured by harvesting the thymus and spleen. The results showed that the Solanum lyratum Thunb. extract had certain tumour inhibitory effect, which can elevate the serum IL-2, TNF-a contents, and increase the thymus and spleen indices to a certain extent. The study concluded that Solanum lyratum Thunb. extract has certain in vivo anti-tumour effect which may be exerted through enhancing the body immunity.     

茄根含氮类成分及其抗炎活性

目的研究茄Solanum melongena L.根中含氮类成分及其抗炎活性。方法茄根70%乙醇提取物采用MCI、硅胶、ODS、Sephadex LH?20及HPLC等进行分离纯化,根据理化性质及波谱数据鉴定所得化合物的结构。采用LPS诱导RAW264??7细胞模型评价其抗炎活性。结果从中分离得到12个含氮类化合物,分别鉴定为N?acetyltyramine(1)、N?(2?phenylethyl)acetamide(2)、3?(4?aminophenyl)?prop?2?enoic acid(3)、callyspongi?dipeptide A(4)、pistaciamide(5)、tatarine C(6)、thymidine(7)、butyl?2?pyrrolidone?5?carboxylate(8)、indazole(9)、cyclo?[(S)?pro?(R)?leu](10)、seco?[(S)?pro?(R)?val](11)、(L)?pro?(L)?phe(12)。化合物4、8、10~12对LPS诱导RAW264.7产生NO具有良好的抑制作用,其IC50值分别为(33.7±1.4)、(59.1±4.6)、(28.6±2.1)、(44.7±3.1)、(52.8±3.8)μmol/L。结论所有化合物均为首次从该植物中分离得到,且化合物4、8、10~12具有潜在的抗炎活性。     

Box-Behnken效应面法优化龙葵中总生物碱的提取工艺

目的 优选龙葵中总生物碱的提取工艺。方法 采用单因素试验结合Box-Behnken 效应面法,以总生物碱提取率为指标,考察乙醇体积分数、料液比、提取时间、提取次数等因素对提取工艺的影响,采用酸性染料比色法,利用紫外分光光度计测定总生物碱的含量。结果 确定龙葵中总生物碱提取的最佳工艺条件：乙醇体积分数为63.72%,料液比为1∶41.23,提取时间为54.93 min,提取2次,总生物碱提取率为1.40 mg·g^-1。结论 Box-Behnken 效应面法用于龙葵中总生物碱提取工艺条件的优选是可行的,模型预测效果较好。