花生凝集素受体在鼻息肉组织中的表达及意义

目的 :探讨花生凝集素受体在鼻息肉组织中的表达及意义。方法 :将 2 4例鼻息肉标本及 15例正常鼻窦黏膜标本行凝集素亲合组织化学ABC法染色。结果 :正常鼻息肉黏膜染色基本阴性 ,鼻息肉呈弱染色。N -PNA(预先经神经氨酸酶处理后再进行PNA染色 )染色均显著加深。结论 :从正常鼻窦黏膜到鼻息肉 ,花生凝集素受体的表达发生改变 ,该种改变在鼻息肉的病理机制中可能起着重要作用     

不同病理类型胃息肉流式细胞DNA定量研究

应用流式细胞计对５７ 例正常胃粘膜、不同病理类型的胃息肉和胃癌组织作ＤＮＡ 定量分析。正常胃粘膜、炎性息肉、增生性息肉、腺瘤性息肉及胃癌中，ＤＮＡ 非整倍体检出率分别为０％ 、７．７％ 、９．１％ 、３６．４％ 、５８．３％ ；各型胃息肉和胃癌组织的增殖期细胞比率均显著地高于正常胃粘膜组（Ｐ＜ ０．０１）；增生性或炎症性息肉组增殖期细胞比率与胃癌组比较，差异有显著性（Ｐ＜ ０．０５）或非常显著性（Ｐ＜ ０．０１），而腺瘤性息肉组增殖期细胞比率与胃癌组近似（Ｐ＞ ０．０５）。结果表明胃息肉是一种细胞增殖活跃性病变，其中腺瘤性息肉的ＤＮＡ 生物学行为更接近于胃癌，可能容易癌变；应用流式细胞ＤＮＡ 定量分析技术，结合组织病理学诊断，能对胃息肉的预后作出更为确切的判断     

消化道炎性纤维瘤样息肉（附6例报告）

对6例消化道炎性纤维瘤样息肉进行了光镜、免疫组化及电镜观察,指出该病系发生于胃肠道粘膜及粘膜下的以局部炎症及纤维组织增生为特征的炎性假瘤,本文使用的名称更好地反映了该病的本质和形态特点,其临床症状因息肉的大小及部位而异,本组3例均因该病导致的急性梗阻而紧急手术,术中病理诊断可避免过大的手术和不必要的处置。     

小儿肾盂输尿管连接处息肉(附14例报告)

目的探讨小儿肾盂输尿管连接处息肉的临床及病理特点，总结诊治经验。方法对我科1985年10月至2005年10月期间收治的14例肾盂输尿管连接处息肉合并肾积水的患儿回顾性分析其临床表现，超声、肾核素扫描、IVP、CT检查所见及病理结果。结果14例患儿，男12例（85．7％，12／14），女2例（14．3％，2／14），左侧13例（92．9%,40，13／14），右侧1例（7．1％，1／14）。年龄5～13岁，平均9．9岁。临床表现以间歇性腰腹痛为主。超声检查术前诊断率为14．3％（2／14）。IVP和CT术前诊断率为28．6％（4／14）。三维增强CT重建诊断率为88．9％（8／9）。所有患儿均行肾盂输尿管成形术，息肉均位于肾盂输尿管交界处，病变的病理表现包括炎性息肉和纤维上皮性息肉样改变，9例合并有肾盂输尿管交接处原发性病变（输尿管肌层增厚、输尿管平滑肌增生、肌束排列紊乱）。结论儿童肾盂输尿管连接处息肉少见，多见于大龄男孩，左侧多见。临床无特异性症状，28．6%术前可经IVP和CT诊断，三维CT重建诊断率高，可达88．9%。病因多为先天性异常，行肾盂输尿管成形术，术后效果良好。     

β-连环蛋白在胃腺瘤和胃癌中的表达及其意义

β-连环蛋白（eatenin）是Wnt信号转导途径异常激活的关键环节，多种肿瘤的发生、发展与B．连环蛋白异常表达密切相关。目的：观察β-连环蛋白在正常胃黏膜、胃腺瘤和胃癌组织中的表达，探讨其在胃癌发生、发展中的作用。方法：取得经胃镜活检病理检查证实的78例不同胃组织标本，包括24例正常胃黏膜、24例胃腺瘤性息肉（胃腺瘤，14例为低级别上皮内瘤变，10例为高级别上皮内瘤变）和30例胃腺癌组织，以免疫组化ABC法检测标本中β-连环蛋白的表达。结果：β-连环蛋白在正常胃黏膜和低级别上皮内瘤变胃腺瘤组织中为细胞膜表达，在高级别上皮内瘤变胃腺瘤和胃腺癌组织中呈细胞质／细胞核异位表达。胃腺癌组织中β-连环蛋白的异常表达率显著高于胃腺瘤组织（100％对41．7％，P〈0．05），膜表达缺失者占76．7％（23／30）。结论：β-连环蛋白异常表达与胃癌的发生、发展密切相关，可能是胃癌发生的早期事件。     

ER-β expression in large bowel adenomas: Implications in colon carcinogenesis

BACKGROUND: A pivotal role of oestrogen receptor-beta has been suggested in colon carcinogenesis in humans. However, few data are available on oestrogen receptor-beta in colorectal pre-cancerous lesions. AIM: In the present study, we evaluated oestrogen receptor-beta expression and its possible correlation with proliferative activity and apoptosis in colorectal adenomas and normal colon tissue. PATIENTS/METHODS: Adenomatous tissue from 25 patients with colonic polyps, and normal tissue from 25 controls were used. Oestrogen receptor-beta expression, colonocyte proliferation (expressed as PCNA positivity) and apoptosis were evaluated. RESULTS: In adenomatous tissue, a significant reduction of oestrogen receptor-beta was observed compared to normal mucosa (10.1+/-5.5% vs. 44.2+/-13.7; p<0.03), while the expression of oestrogen receptor-alpha remained unvaried. Cell proliferative activity significantly increased in adenomatous tissue compared to normal mucosa (59.3+/-7.1 vs. 18.5+/-8.8; p<0.0001), doubling the PCNA/apoptosis ratio. An inverse correlation was found between oestrogen receptor-beta and PCNA expression in adenomas (r=-0.81), a datum confirmed by confocal microscopy evaluation. CONCLUSIONS: Our data demonstrate, for the first time, a significant reduction of oestrogen receptor-beta expression already in the pre-cancerous phase of colon carcinogenesis. This suggests a role of selective oestrogen receptor-beta agonists in the prevention of colorectal cancer.     

Narrow-band imaging optical chromocolonoscopy： Advantages and limitations

Narrow-band imaging （NBI） is an innovative optical technology that modifies the center wavelength and bandwidth of an endoscope＇s light into narrow-band illumination of 415 ：1： 30 nm. NBI markedly improves capillary pattern contrast and is an in vivo method for visualizing microvessel morphological changes in superficial neoplastic lesions. The scientific basis for NBI is that short wavelength light falls within the hemoglobin absorption band, thereby facilitating clearer visualization of vascular structures. Several studies have reported advantages and limitations of NBI colonoscopy in the colorectum. One difficulty in evaluating results, however, has been nonstandardization of NBI systems （Sequential and nonsequential）. Utilization of NBI technology has been increasing worldwide, but accurate pit pattern analysis and sufficient skill in magnifying colonoscopy are basic fundamentals required for proficiency in NBI diagnosis of colorectal lesions. Modern optical technology without proper image interpretation wastes resources, confuses untrained endoscopists and delays interinstitutional validation studies. Training in the principles of ＂optical image-enhanced endoscopy＂ is needed to close the gap between technological advancements and their clinical usefulness. Currently available evidence indicates that NBI constitutes an effective and reliable alternative to chromocolonoscopy for in vivo visualization of vascular structures, but further study assessing reproducibility and effectiveness in the colorectum is ongoing at various medical centers.