To compare the outcomes of pancreaticojejunostomy and pancreaticogastrostomy reconstruction after pancreaticoduodenectomy: A prospective observational study

BackgroundWe have been in constant search of novel innovations to decrease the high morbidity after Pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD). Pancreaticojejunostomy (PJ) and pancreaticogastrostomy (PG) are the two different methods of reconstruction after PD. However, the existing data is ambiguous in supporting either of them as the preferred technique of reconstruction.MethodsThis was a single-center prospective observational study that included 64 patients who underwent PD over two years. We compared PG with PJ as a method of reconstruction after PD. The primary objective was to assess whether PG decreases the rate of postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) rates or not. Secondary objectives comprised analysis of perioperative outcomes, 30-day and 90-day mortality.ResultsPancreatic fistula was significantly lower in PG as compared to the PJ group (24% vs. 47%) with a p-value of 0.027. The incidence of clinically pertinent (grade B) fistula was only 3% in the PG group and 32% in the PJ group. PG group had a higher incidence of post pancreatectomy hemorrhage (PPH) and delayed gastric emptying (DGE). No statistically significant difference was seen between either group need for blood transfusion, re-exploration, re-admissions, ICU stay, or length of hospital stay, and 30-day and 90-day mortality. Pancreatic texture and high BMI were independent predictors for pancreatic fistula.ConclusionPG when compared to PJ for reconstruction after PD, decreases the rate of POPF significantly; however, it is associated with an elevated risk of DGE and PPH. There was no difference in 30-day and 90-day mortality between both the treatment groups.     

胰腺-空肠端端套入式间断U型缝合法吻合在胰腺外科中的应用

目的:探讨胰腺-空肠端端套入式间断U型缝合法吻合在胰腺外科应用的临床价值。方法:回顾性分析我院自2001年1月到2006年4月间施行的胰头十二指肠切除术83例。比较不同胰肠吻合方法对胰瘘发生的影响。结果:胰瘘总发生率为27%(22/83)。胰肠端端套入式间断U型缝合法吻合术后恢复良好,无胰瘘发生。端端吻合的胰瘘发生率为40%(10/25);端侧吻合的胰瘘发生率为27%(12/44)。比较各种吻合方式,端端套入式间断U型缝合法吻合的胰瘘发生率显著低于端端吻合(P<0.01)和端侧吻合(P<0.05),而端端吻合和端侧吻合之间胰瘘发生率无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论:胰腺-空肠端端套入式间断U型缝合法吻合降低手术所致胰肠吻合口瘘的发生率,效果满意。但因临床例数较少,其安全可靠性、实用合理性还有待进一步观察、证实。     

三种不同胰-肠吻合法预防胰十二指肠切除术并发胰瘘的探讨（附33例报告）

目的介绍胰十二指肠切除术中3种不同胰-肠吻合法预防胰-肠吻合口瘘的经验。方法我院33例患者采用Child式套入（Ⅰ组）、Child式套入加捆扎法（Ⅱ组）和彭氏捆绑法（Ⅲ组）3种不同的胰-肠吻合方法行胰十二指肠切除术后吻合术。结果3组患者均无胰瘘发生。Ⅰ组1例患者因术后18d并发多器官功能衰竭死亡；Ⅱ组1例并发吻合口输出袢不完全性肠梗阻，保守治疗3周后痊愈，采用保留胃幽门胰十二指肠切除术并发暂时性胃排空障碍2例；Ⅲ组1例术后因反复发生癫痫而放弃治疗，采用PPPD术并发暂时性胃排空障碍1例。结论胰十二指肠切除术不管选择哪种胰-肠吻合方法，降低胰瘘的发生率主要取决于术者对残胰端的吻合缝合技术，而彭氏捆绑法更具有操作简便的优点。     

基于临床随机对照试验的胰十二指肠切除术后消化道重建方式的系统评价

目的：系统评价胰十二指肠切除术（PD术）后不同的消化道吻合方式及相关辅助方法。方法检索万方数据库和PubMed、The Cochrane Library、Web of Science以及EMBASE等数据库中,关于PD手术后消化道吻合方式的临床随机对照试验（RCT）,采用Jadad量表对纳入文献进行质量分析,提取围手术期情况：包括手术时间、术中出血量、术后发生胰漏、胆漏、出血、胃排空延迟、死亡率、再次手术以及伤口愈合不良等并发症指标,采用RevMan 5．2软件进行Meta分析。结果17篇RCT研究共计2504例病例纳入分析,Meta分析结果显示,胰胃吻合组术后胰漏和胆漏的发生率明显低于胰肠吻合组（OR＝0．60,95％ CI：0．44～0．82,P＝0．00; OR＝0．33,95％ CI：0．13～0．82, P＝0．02）。胰肠吻合组中,胰管-黏膜吻合术与传统端端吻合术后总体并发症发生率以及术后胰漏、再次手术和围手术期死亡的发生率差异均无统计学意义（P＞0．05）。外支架管引流组的术后总体并发症发生率及胰漏、尤其是Ⅱ～Ⅲ级胰漏的发生率和住院时间均明显低于无支架管引流组（均P＜0．05）。结论 PD术后消化道重建方式,推荐采用胰胃吻合,辅以外支架管引流。     

胰十二指肠切除术中胰肠吻合方式与术后胰漏及吻合口出血的相关性研究

目的分析胰十二指肠切除术（PD）中胰肠吻合方式与术后胰漏及吻合口出血的关系。方法回顾性分析2008年1月至2012年9月期间我院行PD的526例患者的临床资料。526例PD患者行胰肠吻合的方式：胰管空肠端侧黏膜对黏膜吻合（简称黏膜对黏膜吻合）359例,其中149例硅胶引流管内置（简称引流管内置）,130例硅胶引流管引流至体外（简称引流至体外）,80例硅胶引流管未放置（简称引流管未置）;胰腺空肠端侧套入式吻合165例（简称套入式吻合）,均未放置硅胶引流管;胰肠侧侧吻合2例（简称侧侧吻合）,均未放置硅胶引流管。结果526例PD患者术后共发生胰漏34例（6.46%）,胰肠吻合口出血8例（1.52%）,死亡32例（6.08%）。①黏膜对黏膜吻合的胰漏发生率明显低于套入式吻合〔4.18%（15/359）比11.52%（19/165）,χ2=10.029,P=0.002〕;黏膜对黏膜吻合与套入式吻合的吻合口出血发生率比较差异无统计学意义〔1.67%（6/359）比1.21%（2/165）,χ2=0.159,P=0.691〕。②黏膜对黏膜吻合术式中,引流管内置者和引流至体外者的胰漏发生率均分别明显低于引流管未置者〔2.68%（4/149）比11.25%（9/80）,χ2=7.132,P=0.008;1.54%（2/130）比11.25%（9/80）,χ2=9.410,P=0.002〕;引流管内置者与引流至体外者的胰漏发生率比较差异无统计学意义〔2.68%（4/149）比1.54%（2/130）,χ2=0.433,P=0.510〕。引流管内置者与引流至体外者的吻合口出血发生率比较差异无统计学意义〔2.68%（4/149）比1.54%（2/130）,χ2=0.433,P=0.510〕。结论黏膜对黏膜吻合方式胰漏的发生率明显低于套入式吻合方式,但吻合口出血的发生率无明显差异。胰管内硅胶引流管内置或引流至体外均能降低术后胰漏的发生率,但是对于吻合口出血的发生率无明显影响。     

胰十二指肠切除胰腺空肠端侧吻合156例分析

目的:探讨胰十二指肠切除术中胰腺空肠端侧吻合技术。方法:回顾性分析山东大学齐鲁医院肝胆外科2004年3月—2012年6月156例胰十二指肠切除术行胰腺空肠端侧吻合患者的临床资料。根据胰腺的质地、厚度、胰管直径、胰管后壁胰腺组织的厚度、有无炎症,结合空肠的直径、空肠壁的厚度选择胰管-空肠黏膜-黏膜吻合、端侧套入式吻合等不同的吻合方式。结果:术中胰肠重新吻合8例。术后胰瘘3例、胆瘘2例、死亡2例。结论:胰十二指肠切除术中胰腺空肠吻合应根据患者的胰腺和空肠情况进行个体化选择。     

Pancreaticogastrostomy versus pancreaticojejunostomy after pancreaticoduodenectomy: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Background

The best reconstruction method for the pancreatic remnant after pancreaticoduodenectomy remains debatable. We aimed to investigate the perioperative outcomes of 2 popular reconstruction methods: pancreaticogastrostomy and pancreaticojejunostomy.

Data Sources

Randomized controlled trials comparing pancreaticogastrostomy versus pancreaticojejunostomy were identified from literature databases (MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library).The meta-analysis included 8 studies: 607 patients who underwent pancreaticogastrostomy and 604 who underwent pancreaticojejunostomy. Postoperative pancreatic fistula and intra-abdominal fluid collection rates were significantly lower after pancreaticogastrostomy compared with pancreaticojejunostomy. No statistically significant differences were found in the incidence of delayed gastric emptying, biliary fistula, hemorrhage, reoperation, wound infection, overall morbidity, mortality, and length of hospital stay.

Conclusions

Our meta-analysis suggests that pancreaticogastrostomy not only reduces the rate of postoperative pancreatic fistula but also decreases its severity. Pancreaticogastrostomy is associated with a lower rate of intra-abdominal fluid collection. Our results suggest that pancreaticogastrostomy should be the preferred reconstruction method.     

改良胰管空肠黏膜端侧吻合胰十二指肠切除术临床效果研究

目的探讨改良胰管空肠黏膜端侧吻合的胰十二指肠切除术临床效果。方法回顾性分析2016年1月至2019年3月62例行胰十二指肠切除术(PD)患者临床资料,其中30例行改良胰管空肠黏膜端侧吻合术(改良组),32例行传统胰管空肠黏膜端侧吻合术(传统组)。选用SPSS 20.00统计学软件进行数据分析,围术期相关指标和术后第1、3、5、7、9 d的腹腔引流液淀粉酶水平用(±s)表示,采用独立t检验;并发症发生率采用χ^2检验,P<0.05差异有统计学意义。结果改良组出血量明显小于传统组(P<0.05),其余相关围术期指标差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);改良组术后发生1例胰瘘明显小于传统组9例(P<0.05),其中改良组B级胰瘘发生率明显小于传统组(P<0.05),生化瘘、C级胰瘘发生率、淋巴瘘、胃排空发生率比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组患者腹腔引流液淀粉酶含量在术后第1、3、5、7、9 d的检测期间内,传统组腹腔引流液淀粉酶含量小于改良组(P<0.05)。结论改良胰管空肠黏膜端侧吻合术相比于传统胰管空肠黏膜端侧吻合术在PD中能有效降低胰瘘的发生率,具有一定的临床推广价值。     

Considerations on pancreatic exocrine function after pancreaticoduodenectomy

The pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) procedure may lead to pancreatic exocrine and endocrine insufficiency. There are several types of reconstruction for this kind of operation. Pancreaticogastrostomy (PG) was introduced to reduce the rate of postoperative pancreatic fistula. Although some randomized control trials have shown no differences regarding pancreatic leakage between PG and pancreaticojejunostomy (PJ), recently some reports reveal benefits from the PG over the PJ. Some surgeons concern about the performing of the PG and inactivation of pancreatic enzymes being in contact with the gastric juice, and the detrimental results over the exocrine pancreatic function. The pancreatic exocrine function can be measured with direct and indirect tests. Direct tests have the highest sensitivity and specificity for detection of exocrine insufficiency but require tube placement. Among the tubeless indirect tests, the van de Kamer stool fat analysis remains the standard to diagnose fat malabsorption. The patient compliance and time consuming makes it not so suitable for its clinical use. Fecal immunoreactive elastase test is employed for screening of exocrine insufficiency, is not cumbersome, and has been used to study pancreatic function after resection. We analyze the FE1 levels in our patients after the PD with two types of reconstruction, PG and PJ, and we discuss some considerations about the pancreaticointestinal drainage method after pancreaticoduodenectomy.     

贯穿缝合式胰肠（端侧）吻合术的临床研究与应用：附视频

目的研究一种安全可靠、简单通用的全新的胰腺吻合方法——贯穿缝合式胰肠端侧吻合术（PPJ）。方法总结泰兴市人民医院普外科2002年5月至2012年6月间47例应用PPJ行胰肠吻合（端端吻合6例,端侧吻合41例）的临床经验和手术方法。设计理念是手术时把胰腺切断看作是一个实质性器官（而非空腔器官）,用胰腺切断全层（而非切缘）与空肠进行吻合。一针贯穿缝合胰腺切断全层和空肠后、前壁全层,间断缝合6～8针同时完成胰腺切面与空肠前、后壁的吻合。主胰管内放置短的支架管,端侧吻合时对应的空肠壁全层切开。结果 PPJ的平均手术时间12（8～18）min。术后胰瘘（POPF）发生率29.8%（14/47）,其中A级胰瘘21.3%（10/47）,B级胰瘘8.5%（4/47）。无胰肠吻合口出血,无再次开腹手术和死亡病例。术后门诊随防34例,3个月后CT或MRI检查胰管未见明显扩张。结论贯穿缝合式胰肠端侧吻合术操作简单、吻合可靠,可适用于所有的胰腺切断,易于推广应用。