Inactivated influenza vaccine formulated with single-stranded RNA-based adjuvant confers mucosal immunity and cross-protection against influenza virus infection

Influenza vaccination is considered the most valuable means to prevent and control seasonal influenza infections, which causes various clinical symptoms, ranging from mild cough and fever to even death. Among various influenza vaccine types, the inactivated subunit type is known to provide improved safety with reduced reactogenicity. However, there are some drawbacks associated with inactivated subunit type vaccines, with the main ones being its low immunogenicity and the induction of Th2-biased immune responses. In this study, we investigated the role of a single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) derived from the intergenic region in the internal ribosome entry site of the Cricket paralysis virus as an adjuvant rather than the universal vaccine for a seasonal inactivated subunit influenza vaccine. The ssRNA adjuvant stimulated not only well-balanced cellular (indicated by IgG2a, IFN-γ, IL-2, and TNF-α) and humoral (indicated by IgG1 and IL-4) immune responses but also a mucosal immune response (indicated by IgA), a key protector against respiratory virus infections. It also increases the HI titer, the surrogate marker of influenza vaccine efficacy. Furthermore, ssRNA adjuvant confers cross-protective immune responses against heterologous influenza virus infection while promoting enhanced viral clearance. Moreover, ssRNA adjuvant increases the number of memory CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells, which can be expected to induce long-term immune responses. Therefore, this ssRNA-adjuvanted seasonal inactivated subunit influenza vaccine might be the best influenza vaccine generating robust humoral and cellular immune responses and conferring cross-protective and long-term immunity.     

绝经前后T1期乳腺癌患者临床特征的分析

目的:分析T1期(肿瘤直径<2cm)原发性乳腺癌女性患者绝经前后在肿瘤大小、病理分类、淋巴结转移率和数目。方法:常规病理检验以及应用免疫组化、HE法分别测定绝经前乳腺癌患者和绝经后乳腺癌患者者的ER、PR。结果:两组患者在肿瘤大小上无明显差异,但绝经前乳腺癌患者浸润导管癌的百分比为 84. 7%,绝经后乳腺癌患者的浸润导管癌百分比为 62. 2%,经χ2 检验,P<0. 01。两组淋巴结转移率分别为 39. 3%和 25. 5%,经χ2 检验,P<0. 01。两组ER和PR阳性伴淋巴结转移的比例经χ2 检验,P<0. 05。结论:绝经前乳腺癌患者和绝经后乳腺癌患者在病理分类、淋巴结转移率及数目、ER、PR阳性伴淋巴结转移上有显著性差异。对于T1原发性乳腺癌患者不论有无淋巴结转移,均应行癌肿切除伴Ⅰ、Ⅱ级淋巴结清扫。     

THE STUDY OF ESTROGEN AND PROGESTERONE RECEPTOR IN NASOPHARYNGEAL CARCINOMA

ＴＨＥＳＴＵＤＹＯＦＥＳＴＲＯＧＥＮＡＮＤＰＲＯＧＥＳＴＥＲＯＮＥＲＥＣＥＰＴＯＲＩＮＮＡＳＯＰＨＡＲＹＮＧＥＡＬＣＡＲＣＩＮＯＭＡＺｈｅｎｇＴｉａｎｒｏｎｇ郑天荣；ＬｉＪｉａｎｃｈｅｎｇ李建成；ＬｉｕＸｉｕｙｉｎｇ刘秀英；（Ｄｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆ...     

利用T7和PR双启动子的新型表达载体的构建及其应用

构建具有λＰＲ与Ｔ７双启动动子的新型原核表达载体ｐＤＯＧ，以便使用同一载体研究不同诱导条件下，重组蛋白在大肠杆菌中表达，降解以及折叠的情况，从而选择最佳的诱导条件。方法采用ｐＢＶ２２０与ＰＥＴ－３表达载体作为原始材料，将ＰＥＴ－３上包括Ｔ７启动子与Ｔ７ｇ－１０释译起始序列的一段序列克隆到     

B cell epitope specificity in ANCA‐associated vasculitis: does it matter?

Pauci‐immune idiopathic small‐vessel vasculitis is strongly associated with the presence of antineutrophil cytoplasm autoantibodies (ANCA). Antibodies to PR3 predominate in patients with Wegener's granulomatosis; antibodies to myeloperoxidase (MPO) are found more frequently in patients with microscopic polyangiitis. There is increasing in vivo and in vitro evidence for a pathogenic role of ANCA in systemic vasculitis based on associations of ANCA with disease activity. If ANCA are pathogenic, why is the course of disease different from one patient to another? Antibodies can recognize different binding sites (epitopes) on their corresponding antigens. Differences in binding specificity may influence the pathogenic potential of the antibodies. Differences between epitope specificity of ANCA between patients or changes in epitope specificity of ANCA in time in an individual patient may, accordingly, result in differences in disease expression. This review will focus on epitope specificity of autoantibodies in systemic autoimmune diseases and especially on the epitope specificity of PR3– and MPO–ANCA. We will discuss whether PR3–ANCA or MPO–ANCA recognize different epitopes on PR3 and MPO, respectively, and whether the epitopes recognized by ANCA change in parallel with the disease activity of ANCA‐associated vasculitis. Finally, we will speculate if the direct pathogenic role of ANCA can be ascribed to one relapse‐ or disease‐inducing epitope. Characterization of relapse‐ or disease‐inducing epitopes bound by PR3–ANCA and MPO–ANCA is significant for understanding initiation and reactivation of ANCA‐associated vasculitis. Elucidating a disease‐inducing epitope bound by ANCA may lead to the development of epitope‐specific therapeutic strategies.     

GnRHa对子宫肌瘤雌孕激素和表皮生长因子受体的影响

目的　探讨促性腺激素释放激素激动剂(GnRHa)对子宫肌瘤内雌、孕激素受体(ER、PR)、表皮生长因子受体(EGF-R)的影响。方法　测定13例子宫肌瘤患者经GnRHa治疗3月后肌瘤内雌、孕激素受体和EGF-R水平,并以28例未用药肌瘤作对照。结果　 GnRHa治疗组肌瘤内ER、PR、EGF-R水平明显低于对照组。结论　GnRHa除减少肌瘤内ER、PR外,使肌瘤内EGF-R的水平下降可能是GnRHa治疗子宫肌瘤的一个重要机制。     

补肾益气清热方对溴隐亭致低PRL大鼠流产模型蜕膜PRLR、PR、ER mRNA的影响

目的 :从基因转录水平探讨补肾益气清热中药对溴隐亭致低 PRL流产大鼠模型的 PRLR、PR、ER m RNA在蜕膜上表达的影响 ,同时观察血中 PRL、P、E2 的动态变化。方法 :采用 RT- PCR方法行半定量图像分析 ,观察溴隐亭致低 PRL流产大鼠模型组 ( A组 )与模型 +中药保胎组 ( A+ H组 )之间 PRLR、PR、ER m RNA表达的差异 ;放免法测定血清 PRL、P、E2 的水平。结果 :A组蜕膜PRLR、PR m RNA表达明显低于 A+ H组 ( P<0 .0 1 ) ,ER m RNA表达两组间无显著性差异 ( P>0 .0 5 ) ;A组流产率为 67% ,而 A+ H组流产率仅为 1 7% ,差异有显著性 ;A组孕 7～ 1 0 d血清PRL、P水平显著低于 A+ H组 ( P<0 .0 5 )。结论 :溴隐亭可导致血清 PRL、P水平下降 ,且下调早孕大鼠蜕膜 PRLR、PR m RNA的表达而导致流产发生 ,补肾益气清热方可能通过促进 PRL、P分泌 ,上调 PRLR、PR m RNA的表达 ,恢复正常的妊娠微环境而起到保胎作用。     

子宫内膜癌细胞中孕激素受体的多因素调节

目的　通过体外实验研究雌激素、孕激素、胰岛素 /胰岛素样生长因子Ⅰ (Insulin -likegrowthfactorⅠ ,IGF -Ⅰ )对内膜癌细胞中孕激素受体 (Progesteronereceptor,PR )亚型表达的调节 ,探讨内膜癌细胞中PR亚型表达的意义。方法　体外培养高分化子宫内膜癌细胞Ishikawa ,按实验目的分别加入雌激素、孕激素、雌激素孕激素联合、胰岛素及IGF -Ⅰ刺激 2 4h、 4 8h后 ,采用Westernblot方法测定各个条件下内膜癌细胞中两种孕激素受体亚型的表达。结果　内膜癌细胞Ishikawa在自然状态下 ,PR -A和PR -B均阳性表达 ;细胞经血清限制后 ,总PR及两种亚型都明显下调。雌激素可以上调细胞中PR -A和PR -B表达水平 ,但在高血清时明显。孕激素单独或雌、孕激素联合应用在 4 8h时都可以降低Ishikawa细胞中PR表达。胰岛素 /IGF -Ⅰ在 2 4h时可以上调PR -B水平 ,4 8h时此上调作用消失。结论　①雌激素对PR的上调作用与血清浓度有关 ,血清中可能含有雌激素作用所需要的某些因子 ;②孕激素对内膜癌细胞Ishikawa中PR有下调作用 ;③胰岛素 /IGF -Ⅰ可以上调内膜癌细胞中PR表达 ,主要是PR -B表达 ,但此作用持续时间短     

胃癌的雌孕激素受体检测及应用三苯氧胺治疗的研究

目的　探讨胃癌的雌激素受体 (ER)、孕激素受体 (PR)表达情况及其对预后的影响 ,观察三苯氧胺 (TAM)在胃癌治疗中的作用。方法　从 1993年 2月到 2 0 0 0年 12月 ,用免疫组化SP法 ,对 12 3例胃癌术后标本进行了ER、PR检测 ,并将TAM应用于胃癌的内分泌治疗 ,追踪随访 5年。结果　①胃癌的ER、PR阳性率均为 36 5 9% ( 45 / 12 3) ;②分化好 (高、中分化 )的胃癌ER、PR阳性率18.5 7% ( 13/ 70 ) ,分化差 (低分化腺癌 ,粘液腺癌和印戒细胞癌 )的胃癌ER、PR阳性率 60 38% ( 32 / 5 3) ,统计学处理有显著差异 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;③ER、PR阳性表达与临床分期呈正相关 ,分期越晚阳性率越高 ,但统计学无显著差异 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;④接受化疗 34例 ,化疗同时辅以TAM内分泌治疗 31例 ,5年生存率分别为 2 6.47% ( 9/ 34 )、5 1.61% ( 16/ 31) ,二者有显著差异 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　本研究表明 ,ER、PR阳性表达的胃癌是一种雌、孕激素依赖性肿瘤 ,化疗联合TAM内分泌治疗 ,可抑制胃癌细胞的生长 ,提高 5年生存率     

乳腺癌组织中bag-1、ER和PR的表达及意义

目的检测bag-1,ER和PR在乳腺癌组织中的表达与分布情况,探讨bag-1、ER和PR的表达水平在乳腺癌发病、早期诊断方面的价值。方法采用免疫组化SABC法观察了100例乳腺癌与35例乳腺良性肿瘤及10例正常乳腺组织的石蜡标本切片中bag-1,ER和PR的表达与分布情况。结果bag-1在乳腺癌组织中,乳腺良性肿瘤中,正常乳腺组织中阳性表达率分别为85.0%,11.5%,10.0%,差异明显(P<0.05)。ER在乳腺癌组织中,乳腺良性肿瘤中,正常乳腺组织中阳性表达率分别为61.0%,28.6%,30.0%,差异明显(P<0.05)。PR在乳腺癌组织中,乳腺良性肿瘤中,正常乳腺组织中阳性表达率分别为64.0%,31.5%,30.0%,差异明显(P<0.05)。结论在乳腺癌发病过程中,bag-1,ER和PR可能起着重要的作用,同时检测bag-1、ER和PR的表达与分布情况,在乳腺癌的早期诊断方面有一定价值。