NT-proBNP检测在心力衰竭患者中的临床应用

目的检测心力衰竭患者血浆N端B型尿钠肽前体(NT-proBNP)浓度的变化,探讨其在心衰患者的临床应用。方法用电化学发光法检测65例心衰患者,13例慢支性肺气肿患者,20例健康体检者(对照组)血浆NT-proBNP水平。结果心衰患者NT-proBNP平均水平显著高于健康对照组和慢支肺气肿,p<0·01。若以NT-ProBNP186pg/ml为诊断心衰临界值,敏感性为97%,特异性85%。与心功能指标NYHA的相关系数为r=0·88,p<0·01。结论测定血浆NT-proBNP浓度是心衰患者心功能受损的敏感指标,并与心功能指标NYHA呈显著的正相关,可作为心衰的诊断和鉴别诊断。     

Surgical myectomy versus alcohol septal ablation for obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: A propensity score–matched cohort

Objectives

In patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, obstruction of the left ventricular outflow tract can be relieved by surgical septal myectomy or alcohol septal ablation, but uncertainty remains regarding long-term results and comparative effectiveness of alcohol septal ablation. This study aims to compare short- and long-term outcomes of the 2 procedures.

BNP在不同级别心力衰竭诊断、治疗及预后评估中的研究

目的 探讨血浆B型钠尿肽(BNP)在不同级别心力衰竭诊断、治疗及预后评估中的临床价值.方法 选择我院2012年2月至2013年12月住院及门诊的心力衰竭患者176例,其中男性92例,女性84例,49 ～ 81岁,平均年龄(65.1±16.2)岁.按照NYHA标准对心力衰竭患者进行心功能分级,分为心功能Ⅰ级组21例、Ⅱ级组52例、Ⅲ级组59例、Ⅳ级组44例.空腹采集患者非EDTA抗凝的血浆标本,应用化学发光法测定各患者血浆标本的BNP浓度.结果 Ⅰ级-Ⅳ级HF组患者血浆BNP水平依次呈显著增加(P＜0.05).各心功能级别心力衰竭(HF,heart failure)组通过治疗后血浆BNP浓度显著低于治疗前血浆BNP的水平,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 BNP可以反映HF患者的病情严重程度,其水平的高低与HF病情严重程度呈正相关.血浆BNP水平可以预示患者的疗效,血浆BNP下降是治疗有效和病情好转的标志.血浆BNP可作为HF患者预后评估的重要参考指标.     

The effect of exercise training in symptomatic patients with grown-up congenital heart disease: a review

Introduction: The number of grown-up congenital heart disease (GUCH) patients is steadily increasing. Unfortunately, the majority of these patients suffer from late sequelae, with heart failure being the most common cause of death. Exercise training is beneficial and safe in patients with acquired heart failure, as well as in asymptomatic GUCH patients. However, its effect remains unknown in symptomatic GUCH patients. This could cause reticence on positive sports advice, with possible counterproductive effects.

Areas covered: A review of current literature was performed to evaluate the effect of exercise training in symptomatic (NYHA≥2) GUCH patients. The search yielded a mere three studies including symptomatic patients, and another six studies including also patients in NYHA 1 without making clear distinction between the NYHA subgroups.

Expert commentary: Suboptimal trial designs, low patient numbers, and homogeneity of investigated cardiac anomalies make this review insufficient to draw definite conclusions. However, all studies describe overall positive effects of exercise training in symptomatic GUCH patients in terms of exercise capacity and quality of life. There were no safety concerns. Larger-scaled, randomized controlled trials are needed to obtain certainty.     

冠心病心功能分级与心脏彩超相关性分析

目的 对冠心病(CHD)患者心脏彩超参数进行分析,探讨其与心功能分级的相关性。方法 166例CHD患者根据美国纽约心脏病协会(NYHA)心功能分级进行分组：心功能Ⅰ级(A组48例)、心功能Ⅱ级(B组45例)、心功能Ⅲ级(C组40例)、心功能Ⅳ级(33例),同期选择50名健康体检者作为正常对照组(NC组),对两组进行心脏超声检查,比较各组左室收缩末期内径(LVESD)、左室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)、左室射血分数(LVEF)、二尖瓣舒张早期峰值流速/二尖瓣环舒张早期峰值流速(E/Ea)。同时,绘制ROC曲线,计算曲线下面积(AUC),以评价各指标在CHD中的诊断价值,并对心功能分级、LVESD、LVEDD、LVEF、E/Ea进行相关性分析。结果 1) 随着心功能分级的进展,LVESD、LVEDD、E/Ea显著升高,LVEF显著降低(P＜0.05);2) 通过ROC曲线分析,LVESD、LVEDD、LVEF、E/Ea在CHD诊断中的AUC分别为0.888、0.753、0.123、0.770;3) 心功能分级与LVESD、LVEDD、E/Ea显著正相关,与LVEF显著负相关(P＜0.001)。结论 对CHD患者行心脏超声监测LVESD、LVEDD、LVEF、E/Ea可用于评价CHD心功能变化。     

Cardiac resynchronization devices: the Food and Drug Administration's regulatory considerations

Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) devices have been studied clinically since 1998, and have been on the U.S. market since the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of the first product in 2001. Since that time, the FDA has approved many different models from three different manufacturers, representing the first and second generations of these products. All of these products have undergone the FDA pre-market approval process, which examines the safety and effectiveness of the devices for their intended use. Over the last several years, the FDA has adapted recommendations for CRT clinical trials based on an evolving understanding of what these devices can achieve. This paper will outline the dynamic nature of the FDA's approval process for CRT devices and briefly review the clinical trial designs for the first generation devices.