膝内侧改良切口结合NT-pc治疗粉碎性髌骨骨折

目的 寻找一种有利于粉碎性髌骨骨折术中复位、固定和术后恢复的手术入路。方法 采用膝内侧改良切口结合NT-聚髌器(NT-pc)治疗粉碎性髌骨骨折38例，其中碎骨块呈3块者18例、4块者13例、5块者5例、6块者2例。结果 38例随访时间3个月—2年6个月，除1例因二次手术病程较长、1例术后缺乏锻炼致膝关节功能稍受影响外，其他患者膝关节活动均恢复正常，切口愈合好，按李纯志等疗效评定标准，优良率94．7％。结论 膝内侧改良切口具有充分显露髌骨、切口短、组织损伤小，有利于术中手指对骨块抚平复位和对关节面复位质量的检查及术后功能恢复；NT-pc符合张力带原理，对严重粉碎性髌骨骨折的骨折面具有持续的纵向及横向的应力作用，有复位及固定的双重作用。对于严重粉碎性髌骨骨折，采用内侧改良切口及NT-pc固定不失为一种较理想的方法。     

Patellofemoral joint cartilage restoration with particulated juvenile allograft in patients under 21 years old

BackgroundPatellofemoral joint cartilage defects are difficult to treat due to their unique thickness and topography.PurposeTo report the postoperative outcomes of patients age 21 and younger treated with particulated juvenile allograft cartilage (PJAC) for full-thickness cartilaginous defects of the patellofemoral joint. The primary aim was to report surgical outcomes and complication rates, as well as return to sport activity. A secondary aim was to provide objective scores of defect restoration by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) assessment.MethodsA retrospective review of all PJAC cases conducted between 2012 and 2019 at a single tertiary care urban musculoskeletal institution was conducted. Patients 21 years old or younger with minimum clinical follow up of 1 year and postoperative MRI at a minimum of 6 months were included. Cartilage restoration by MRI was independently assessed using the International Cartilage Repair Society’s (ICRS) standardized system.ResultsThirty four patients, 36 knees, were included, with mean age 16.1 ± 3.1 years old. Return to sport rate among patients who participated in a sport preoperatively was 100%. On independent MRI assessment, two thirds of defects achieved an overall grade of normal or nearly normal, while 28 patients (78%) had majority defect fill. Primary graft failure occurred in two cases and one patient experienced a surgical complication.ConclusionRestoration of patellofemoral chondral defects in young patients with particulated juvenile allograft results in satisfactory short-term outcomes and postoperative MRI appearance, along with high rates of return to sport and low rate of complications and graft failure.What is known about the subject: Patellofemoral joint cartilage defects are difficult to treat due to their unique thickness and topography. Several cartilage restoration techniques are available, but these rarely achieve the same mechanical properties as native hyaline cartilage. PJAC is a cell-based technique that has demonstrated promise since its introduction in 2007.What this study adds to existing knowledge: This series of patients adds the largest single cohort of pediatric and adolescent patients who receive PJAC for defects of the patellofemoral joint. Surgeons treating patients in this age group should be aware of every technique, and their respective outcomes.     

部分背根切断对备用背根节NT-3表达的影响

目的　探讨部分去背根后备用背根节 (L6 )各类细胞NT 3及其mRNA的含量变化。　方法　对成年雄性猫行单侧部分背根切断术 (切除一侧L1 ～L5,L7～S2 DRG ,保留L6 为备用根 )。取正常组一侧和术后 3d及 7d组手术侧的L6 DRG制作 2 0 μm厚冰冻切片 ,分别用NT 3抗体及NT 3cRNA探针行免疫组织化学及原位杂交染色。观察NT 3及其mRNA在DRG各类细胞的分布 ,测定NT 3及其mRNA在神经元和卫星细胞的光密度值 ,所得数据用q检验进行统计分析。　结果　部分去背根后 ,各时相备用背根节大神经元内NT 3的光密度值较正常者进行性减少 ,(P <0 0 5 ) ,而NT 3mRNA的光密度值术后 3d减少 ,7d回升至近正常者水平。比较之 ,小神经元和卫星细胞NT 3及其mRNA的光密度值进行性增多 (P <0 0 5 )。　结论　部分背根切断对备用背根节各类细胞NT 3表达的影响不同 ,其功能意义可能与NT 3参与脊髓Ⅱ板层可塑性有关     

Dual function of Langerhans cells in skin TSLP-promoted TFH differentiation in mouse atopic dermatitis

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Mutation analysis in 16 patients with mtDNA depletion

Sixteen unrelated Southern European patients with the mitochondrial depletion syndrome (MDS) were analyzed for mutations in the TK2 and DGUOK genes. Three novel mutations were identified in TK2 (R183G, R254X, and 142insG). When we analyzed additional genes involved in the dNTPs pool, such as SLC25A19 (DNC) and NT5M (d-NT2), we did not detect mutations. The current study suggest that scanning the TK2, DGUOK, SLC25A19, and NT5M genes is likely to help about 10% of MDS families in terms of genetic counseling. Also, our findings indicate that genotype-phenotype correlations are not straightforward in MDS.     

CCK and other peptides modulate hypothalamic norepinephrine release in the rat: Dependence on hunger or satiety

The purpose of this investigation was to determine the functional relationship between putative satiety peptides and endogenous norepinephrine (NE) activity in the hypothalamus. Permanent guide cannulae for push-pull perfusion were implanted stereotaxically in Sprague-Dawley rats so as to rest above the medial or lateral hypothalamus (LH). Post-operatively, the animals were either satiated with food and water, both available ad lib, or fasted for 18-22 hr prior to an experiment. To perfuse a site in the LH, paraventricular (PVN) or ventromedial nucleus (VMN), a concentric 29-23 ga push-pull cannula system was lowered to a pre-determined site, in most cases after catecholamine stores had been pre-labeled with [3H]-NE. During control tests, an artificial CSF was perfused at a rate of 20-25 microliter/min for 5-8 min with a 5 min interval between each sample. The addition of cholecystokinin (CCK) in a concentration of 2.0-6.0 ng/microliter to the CSF perfused in PVN or VMN of the satiated rat enhanced the efflux of NE; however, in the fasted animal CCK often suppressed the catecholamine's release. Perfused in the LH, CCK exerted opposite effects, typically augmenting NE output when the rat was fasted but not affecting the amine's activity during the sated condition. Proglumide (1.2 micrograms/microliter) attenuated CCK's effect in releasing NE when the antagonist was perfused in the PVN of the satiated rat. Similar experiments in which neurotensin (NT) was perfused in the LH, PVN and VMN revealed virtually the same inverse effects on NE release in the fasted and satiated rat, which again were anatomically specific. Finally, insulin and 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) exerted similar state-dependent effects on the release of NE within LH and PVN. Overall, the results suggest that CCK or other neuroactive peptide could serve as a "neuromodulator" of the pre-synaptic release of NE within classical hypothalamic structures which are thought to underlie both hunger and satiety. The state-dependent nature of the peptides' activity on the noradrenergic feeding mechanism implies that these substances constitute a pivotal portion of the profile of factors which impinge functionally upon the hypothalamic neurons responsible for the feeding response and its cessation.     

麻醉深度监护仪对老年腹部手术全麻质量的影响

目的:研究Narcotrend(NT)麻醉深度监护仪对老年腹部手术患者全麻质量的影响。方法:选取医院收治的150例择期行腹部手术老年患者,按照抽签方式将其随机分为观察组和对照组,每组75例。两组手术均采取全身麻醉,对照组凭借临床经验及患者身体指征对麻醉药用量进行调整,观察组在NT麻醉深度监护仪指导下调整麻醉用量,比较两组围手术期麻醉时间、苏醒时间、定向力恢复时间、重症监护病房停留时间及麻醉药使用情况;比较两组患者麻醉前(T₀)、麻醉30 min后(T₁)及手术结束时(T₂)的心率(HR)、平均动脉压(MAP)和NT麻醉监护仪麻醉深度指数(NTI);比较两组手术后Ricker镇静-躁动(SAS)评分、Ramsay镇静(RSS)评分、简易智能量表(MMSE)评分及疼痛视觉模拟(VAS)评分;比较两组患者术后并发症发生率。结果:观察组术后苏醒时间、定向力恢复时间低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=2.806,t=2.476;P<0.05);麻醉药依托咪酯和舒芬太尼的使用量显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=8.349,t=2.158;P<0.05);两组HR、MAP的组内比较T₁>T₂>T₀,NTI的组内比较T₀>T₂>T₁,差异有统计学意义(F=205.467,F=36.545,F=111.677,F=156.932,F=57.659,F=869.035;P<0.05);观察组NTI在T₁、T₂时组间比较显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=14.265,t=9.347;P<0.05);两组术后SAS评分、RSS评分、VAS评分及PSQI评分差异均无统计学意义,观察组MMSE评分显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=7.992,P<0.05);观察组术后并发症总发生率为10.67%,显著低于对照组(25.33%),两组比较差异有统计学意义(x²=5.465;P<0.05)。结论:NT麻醉深度监护仪指导下调整麻醉药用量可减少老年患者术后苏醒时间,加快患者定向力恢复,且能减少术后并发症发生,有较高的临床应用价值。     

镍钛聚髌器（NT－PC）治疗髌骨骨折

目的探讨应用NT-PC治疗髌骨骨折的方法及治疗结果。方法根据NT-PC结构及固定原理对30例髌骨骨折的治疗。结果30例髌骨骨折髌关节面均达到解剖复位,患者能下地行走,扶栏杆或徒手上下一层楼、屈膝平均达到90°的时间是1.5～3.5周。患膝关节伸、屈活动范围达到健侧水平的时间是2～10周。结论根据NT-PC的特点治疗髌骨骨折,尤其是粉碎性骨折,不但在术中容易得到髌关节面的解剖复位,而且术后能有效地将其维持,固定于解剖位直至骨质愈合。术后可早期活动,无需石膏固定,无膝关节功能障碍。     

孕早中期联合产前筛查实验分析

目的联合孕早期B超及孕中期母血清检测,提高对唐氏综合征(Down′s Syndrom e,DS)患儿的筛查率。方法对孕早期(11-14 w)孕妇进行B超胎儿颈项部透明层厚度(nuchal translucency th ickness,NT)的测定,以及孕中期(14-20 6w)孕妇进行甲胎蛋白(AFP)和游离-β-绒毛膜促性腺激素(Free-β-HCG)两项血清生化指标检测,经特殊软件计算,对可能影响检测结果的部分因素,如年龄、体重、孕周等加以分析校正,对结果为高危的孕妇进行遗传咨询,在知情同意的情况下进行B超和羊水或脐血培养产前诊断。并随访追踪每例筛查孕妇直至胎儿出生。结果筛查4376例孕妇,孕早期B超检出NT高危43例,孕中期母血清检测DS高危252例,神经管缺陷(Nervous tube defect,NTD)高危78例。发现21-三体综合征4例,其它染色体异常2例;另外12例为染色体正常的出生缺陷。结论孕早期B超测定NT及孕中期母血清生化标志物AFP和Free-β-HCG联合应用,对胎儿先天缺陷尤其是对DS产前筛查有效可行,经产前诊断及时采取措施,降低了这些缺陷儿的出生。     

Satellite-cell-derived nerve growth factor and neurotrophin-3 are involved in noradrenergic sprouting in the dorsal root ganglia following peripheral nerve injury in the rat

Injury to a peripheral nerve induces in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) sprouting of sympathetic and peptidergic terminals around large-diameter sensory neurons that project in the damaged nerve. This pathological change may be implicated in the chronic pain syndromes seen in some patients with peripheral nerve injury. The mechanisms underlying the sprouting are not known. Using in situ hybridization and immunohistochemical techniques, we have now found that nerve growth factor (NGF) and neurotrophin-3 (NT3) synthesis is upregulated in satellite cells surrounding neurons in lesioned DRG as early as 48 h after nerve injury. This response lasts for at least 2 months. Quantitative analysis showed that the levels of mRNAs for NT3 and NGF increased in ipsilateral but not contralateral DRG after nerve injury. Noradrenergic sprouting around the axotomized neurons was associated with p75-immunoreactive satellite cells. Further, antibodies specific to NGF or NT3, delivered by an osmotic mini-pump to the DRG via the lesioned L5 spinal nerve, significantly reduced noradrenergic sprouting. These results implicate satellite cell-derived neurotrophins in the induction of sympathetic sprouting following peripheral nerve injury.