鼻内镜鼻窦手术后应用香菊片对粘膜转归的影响

目的 观察内镜鼻窦手术后应用香菊片对术腔粘膜转归的影陶。方法 Ⅱ型鼻窦炎、鼻息肉患者180例作为治疗组，行内镜鼻窦手术后，在常规辅助治疗基础上加用香菊片口服，并设ll0例Ⅱ型鼻窦炎、鼻息肉患者作为对照组，对比观察术腔清洁时间、术腔上皮化时间及术后复发率。结果 治疗组术腔清洁时间平均为：Ⅰ期1．5周，Ⅱ期1．8周，Ⅲ期2．1周；对照组Ⅰ期2．0周，Ⅱ期2．5周，Ⅲ期3．3周，差异有显著性意义(P＜0．01)。治疗组术腔上皮化时间平均为：Ⅰ期7．0周，Ⅱ期7．5周，Ⅲ期7．8周；对照组Ⅰ期8．0周，Ⅱ期8．4周，Ⅲ期9．0周，差异有显著性意义(P＜0．01)。治疗组术后复发率为4．4％，明显少于对照组7．3％。结论 内镜鼻窦手术后，应用香菊片对鼻腔功能的恢复具有良好的疗效，并能减少复发率，可做为常规药物应用临床。     

直肠癌与癌旁粘膜肿瘤相关抗原表达的研究

应用免疫组化方法检测２０例直肠癌患者癌组织及癌旁粘膜肿瘤相关抗原的表达以及癌旁粘膜粘液性质的变化。结果显示：Ｔ抗原在癌组织的表达明显高于癌近侧端１０ｃｍ处粘膜的表达，但与癌远侧端５ｃｍ处粘膜的Ｔ抗原表达则无明显差异。在距直肠癌远端５ｃｍ及近端１０ｃｍ处粘膜唾液酸粘蛋白反应分别为４５％（９／２０）和２０％（４／２０），癌旁远侧端５ｃｍ处粘膜Ｔ抗原与唾液酸粘蛋白均呈阳性反应者为４０％（８／２０），均呈阴性者为３０％（６／２０），两者之间差异显著（Ｐ＜０．０５）。但在癌旁近侧端１０ｃｍ处两者之间则无显著差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。由此表明，直肠癌旁粘膜肿瘤相关抗原的异常表达及其分泌的粘液性质的改变可能提示癌旁粘膜存在某种程度的恶性潜势。     

Heligmosomoides polygyrus inhibits established colitis in IL-10-deficient mice

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is prevalent in industrialized countries, but rare in less-developed countries. Helminths, common in less-developed countries, may induce immunoregulatory circuits protective against IBD. IL-10(-/-) mice given piroxicam develop severe and persistent colitis. Lamina propria mononuclear cells from colitic IL-10(-/-) mice released IFN-gamma and IL-12. The ongoing piroxicam-induced colitis could be partially blocked with anti-IL-12 monoclonal antibody suggesting that the inflammation was at least partly IL-12 dependent. Colonization of piroxicam-treated colitic IL-10(-/-) mice with Heligmosomoides polygyrus (an intestinal helminth) suppressed established inflammation and inhibited mucosal IL-12 and IFN-gamma production. H. polygyrus augmented mucosal IL-13, but not IL-4 or IL-5 production. Transfer of mesenteric lymph node (MLN) T cells from IL-10(-/-) animals harboring H. polygyrus into colitic IL-10(-/-) recipients inhibited colitis. MLN T cells from worm-free mice did not. Foxp3 (scurfin) drives regulatory T cell function. H. polygyrus enhanced Foxp3 mRNA expression in MLN T cells that had regulatory activity. This suggests that H. polygyrus inhibits ongoing IL-10(-/-) colitis in part through blocking mucosal Th1 cytokine production. Resolution of inflammation is associated with increased IL-13 production and can be adoptively transferred by MLN T cells.     

异种脱细胞真皮基质修复膜在喉肿瘤切除术后黏膜缺损修复中的临床研究

目的探讨应用异种（牛）脱细胞真皮基质修复膜修复喉部手术后黏膜缺损的I临床使用价值。方法对20例喉癌术后的黏膜缺损应用异种脱细胞真皮基质修复膜1期修复，其中声门区癌18例，其中T2NoMo8例，T3N1MO5例，T3N2MO4例，T4N2MO1例。声门上区癌2例，T3N1MO1例，T3N2MO1例。结果20例患者黏膜缺损修复均1期愈合。患者术后3-6个月应用电子喉镜复查，修复膜均已替代缺损黏膜组织，局部功能恢复；20例喉癌中6月生存率100％（11／11）；一年生存率100％（3／3），其余9例术后不足6月，正在观察之中。讨论异种脱细胞基质修复膜为修复喉肿瘤术后的黏膜缺损提供了一种新的方法，手术操作简便，有很好的临床应用价值。     

Long-term treatment with anti-alpha 4 integrin antibodies aggravates colitis in G alpha i2-deficient mice

Targeted deletion of the heterotrimeric G protein, Galphai2, in mice induces lethal colitis closely resembling ulcerative colitis. In chronic colitis, migration of circulating leukocytes into the intestinal mucosa is partially dependent on alpha4 integrins. In previous studies, short-term administration of anti-alpha4 integrin antibodies has been shown to attenuate intestinal inflammation, and here we elucidate the effect of long-term administration of anti-alpha4 integrin antibodies on colitis in Galphai2(-/- )mice. Long-term blockade of alpha4 integrin significantly increased the severity of colitis in Galphai2(-/-) mice. The inflammation was confined to the colon, associated with increased cancer in situ, destruction of crypt architecture, and increased production of IL-1beta, TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma. Blockade of alpha4 integrin reduced the recruitment of activated T cells to the small intestine. In strong contrast, there were significantly higher numbers of activated T cells in the colonic lamina propria and epithelium, most probably due to in situ proliferation. Furthermore, treatment with alpha4 integrin antibodies induced decreased levels of total IgA and IgG in sera, whereas total IgM levels were unchanged. These new findings may have implications in the understanding of the progression of chronic intestinal inflammation.     

Human circulating specific antibody-forming cells after systemic and mucosal immunizations: differential homing commitments and cell surface differentiation markers

Circulating spontaneous antibody-secreting cells (ASC) induced by mucosal and systemic immunizations in human volunteers have been characterized with respect to differentiation stage and homing commitments. Irrespective of the immunization route, the large majority of ASC co-expressed CD19 and HLA-DR, which are normally lost during the transition of plasmablasts to plasmocytes, as well as CD38, a marker of activated B cell blasts, expressed also by plasmocytes. However, these cells expressed neither CD28, a molecule acquired by plasmocytes, nor CD22 and CD37, which are lost during the transition of plasmablasts to plasmocytes. Therefore, the large majority of ASC found in peripheral blood after oral and parenteral immunizations are terminally differentiated B cells, but not fully differentiated plasmocytes. As a whole, the mucosally derived ASC population seemed to be more homogenously differentiated. CD25 was detected on few ASC, whereas ASC expressing CD71 were more numerous, especially among systemically derived ASC. Almost all ASC expressed the adhesion molecules CD44 and α4-integrins, irrespective of immunization route. However, virtually all systemically derived ASC expressed L-selectin, recognizing the peripheral lymph node addressin, whereas only a minority of mucosally induced blood ASC expressed L-selectin. These studies are the first to demonstrate in humans that circulating precursors of mucosal B cell immunoblasts utilize organ-specific recognition mechanisms distinct from those of corresponding systemic B cells and appear to be more advanced in the B lineage maturation pathway. Specialization of receptor expression could explain both the unification of immune responses in diverse mucosal sites and the physiologic segregation of mucosal from non-mucosal immune mechanisms in humans.     

Cutaneous lymphocyte antigen expression on human effector B cells depends on the site and on the nature of antigen encounter

In contrast to T cells, information on skin-homing B cells expressing the cutaneous lymphocyte antigen (CLA) is sparse. CLA expression on human B cells was investigated among circulating immunoglobulin-secreting cells (ISC) and among antigen-specific antibody-secreting cells (ASC) elicited by parenteral, oral or rectal primary immunization, or by parenteral or oral secondary immunization with Salmonella typhi Ty21a. CLA expression was examined by combining cell sorting with an enzyme-linked immunospot assay. Among all ISC, the proportion of CLA(+) cells was 13-21%. Parenteral immunization induced antigen-specific ASC of which 13% were CLA(+), while oral and rectal immunizations were followed by only 1% of CLA(+) ASC (p<0.001). Oral re-immunization was followed by an up-regulation of CLA (34-48%) regardless of the route of priming. Parenteral re-immunization elicited ASC of which 9-14% were CLA(+). In conclusion, the expression of CLA on human effector B cells depends on the site of antigen encounter: intestinal stimulation elicits cells with no CLA, while parenteral encounter elicits significant numbers of CLA(+) cells. Even though primary antigen encounter in the intestine failed to stimulate CLA expression, up-regulation of CLA was found upon intestinal antigen re-encounter. These findings may be of relevance in the pathogenesis of some cutaneous disorders.     

SP法检测乙型肝炎患者胃粘膜中HBcAg的初步探讨

目的 :探讨乙型肝炎病毒的泛嗜性。方法 :随机采取 45例乙型肝炎患者行胃粘膜活检 ,采用免疫组织化学SP法检测其胃粘膜中的HbcAg ;采用ELISA法检测静脉血HBsAg、HBeAg、抗 HBc。结果 :乙型肝炎患者胃粘膜中有HBcAg存在 ,主要呈弥漫胞浆型分布 ,腺腔和胃小凹及间质中也可见HBcAg颗粒 ;血清中HBV单项或多项阳性者 ,胃粘膜HBcAg阳性率相近 (75 %～ 80 % ) ;各类型乙型肝炎患者胃粘膜HBcAg阳性率比较 :CAH >CPH >PHLC ,但彼此之间差异不显著 (P>0 .0 5 )。结论 :胃粘膜中有HBcAg存在 ,HBV可能在胃粘膜复制     

粘膜相关淋巴组织淋巴瘤临床病理研究

目的：探讨粘膜相关淋巴组织(MALT)淋巴瘤临床病理特征。方法：对我院确诊和会诊的粘膜相关淋巴瘤18例，进行临床病理分析。按原发部位分为胃肠(GI)和非胃肠(NON-GI)两组，男性11例，女性7例，男女之比为1．6：1，平均年龄52岁(31岁-63岁)。结果：Gl组9例，临床表现无特异性，以腹部疼痛最常见，占本组78％(7／9)，其次是腹部包块，占33％(3／9)，内镜下表现多样；NON-GI组9例，以局部无痛性包块为主。手术后标本行免疫组化染色，结果均为B细胞恶性淋巴瘤。结论：粘膜相关淋巴组织(MALT)淋巴瘤是非霍奇金淋巴瘤的一种亚型，具有起病隐匿，病程长，进展慢及患病率低，好发于中老年男性，治疗和预后良好等特征。     

ras p21在早期胃癌及癌旁组织中的表达

用ＡＢＣ免疫组组化法，对３６例早期胃癌及癌旁组织进行了ｒａｓｐ２１表达的检测，结果发现ｒａｓｐ２１阳性率分别对早期胃癌８８．９％（３２／３６）癌旁异型增生６８．７（２２／３２），其中不完全性结肠型化生阳性率为８４．６％，正常胃粘膜全部阴性，提示ｒａｓｐ２１的表达可能是胃癌形成过程中的关键步骤，ｒａｓｐ２１可以作为胃癌早期诊断的一种新的标志物。