肺癌患者淋巴结微转移灶的检测的预后价值

目的：通过免疫组化的方法检测非小细胞肺癌患术后常规病理检查阴性的淋巴结的微转移灶，研究其预后价值。方法：用免疫组化角蛋白(CK)染色的方法检测术后常规病理学检查阴性的淋巴结中的微转移灶，以此研究非小细胞肺癌患淋巴结微转移灶的检出和患生存期的关系。结果：在39例患的90枚阴性淋巴结中22例患(56．4％)的26枚淋巴结(28．89％)检出微转移灶。有无复发转移患的淋巴结微转移率有显性差异(81％vs39％，P=0．02)；有无微转移灶的患的生存期各为32个月和48个月，3年生存率各为35％和75％(P=0．0178)。结论：淋巴结微转移灶的检测可以作为非小细胞肺癌患手术后的一个重要的预后指标。     

胃癌患者外周血中CK19,CK20表达的临床研究

目的:研究胃癌患者外周血CK19、CK20的表达,并探讨其临床意义.方法:用流式细胞术(FCM)方法,检测66例胃癌、7例消化系统良性疾病及21例本院健康职工外周血CK19、CK20的表达.结果:7例消化系统良性患者、21例本院健康职工外周血CK19、CK20无表达.66例胃癌患者CK19、CK20、CK19 CK20阳性表达率分别为53.1%(35/66)、56.1%(37/66)、46.9%(31/66).TNM分期之间比较,Ⅳ期与Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ期差异有显著性意义(P＜0.01).Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ期之间相互比较,差异无显著性意义(P＞0.05).转移程度比较,差异有显著性意义(P＜0.01).胃癌远处转移诊断敏感度高达90%.结论:胃癌患者外周血CK19、CK20可以作为检测胃癌微转移的指标.     

早期乳腺癌腋淋巴结转移的多因素分析

目的：探讨早期乳腺癌腋淋巴结转移（ALNM）的相关因素,并对阴性腋淋巴结行角蛋白19（CK19）检测以发现微转移癌.方法：收集乳腺癌病例138例,建立数据库,用Logistic回归进行单因素和多因素分析,并对有意义的指标进行相关分析,对40例患者441枚阴性腋淋巴结再切片,用CK19行免疫组织化学染色.结果：多因素分析显示肿瘤大小、肿瘤部位、癌抗原153（CA153）、人类表皮生长因子受体-2（HER2）4个指标进入Logistic回归方程,40例患者中有3例患者的腋窝淋巴结CK19免疫组织化学染色阳性.结论：肿瘤大小、肿瘤部位、CA153和HER2为乳腺癌患者ALNM的高危因素;CK19免疫组织化学染色可发现乳腺癌腋淋巴结微转移癌.     

10例大肠癌患者外周血中CK20mRNA检测

目的：检测大肠癌患者外周血中的癌细胞，以确定其肿瘤是否有微转移发生。方法：应用逆转录酶链反应(RT-PCR)，检测10例大肠癌患者癌组织和外周血中CK20mRNA的表达。结果：10例大肠癌患者中有5例外周血检测出CK20mRNA，阳性率为50％。结论：外周血中CK20mRNA检测可作为大肠癌病人肿瘤微转移的参考指标，有助于肠癌转移的早期发现和选择更好的化疗方案。     

Traitement régional des cancers du sein en cas de micrométastase ganglionnaire axillaire

In patients with breast cancer, axillary lymph node micrometastasis detection has been more frequent with a better definition since the introduction of the sentinel node procedure. In this review, we focus on pN1mi micrometastasis and review the literature in order to determine factors involved in making the decision of a regional treatment.     

Specific isolation of disseminated cancer cells: a new method permitting sensitive detection of target molecules of diagnostic and therapeutic value

Molecular studies of rare cells, such as circulating cancer cells, require efficient pre-enrichment steps to obtain a pure population of target cells for further characterization. We have developed a two-step approach, starting with immunomagnetic enrichment, followed by specific isolation of individual, easily identifiable bead-rosetted target cells using a new semi-automated CellPick system. With this procedure, 1–50 live target cells can now be isolated. As a model system, we spiked a small number of tumor cells into millions of normal mononuclear cells (MNCs). Efficient isolation of pure target cells was obtained by use of the CellPick system, and the nature of isolated, bead-rosetted cells was verified by use of FISH. Single breast cancer cells were picked directly into an RNA preserving lysis buffer, reverse transcribed, and PCR amplified with two cDNA specific primer sets. With the isolated cells we consistently obtained both ubiquitously expressed and tumor cell specific PCR products. We also performed a successful mutation analysis of single cells using PCR and cycling temperature capillary electrophoresis (CTCE). This may have significant clinical implications in cancer and in other diseases, e.g. in characterizing micrometastatic cancer cells in blood and lymph nodes to help identifying patients who most likely will respond to therapies like tyrosine kinase inhibitors and compounds targeting specific mutations. By use of the CellPick system it is possible to specifically isolate bead-rosetted or otherwise labelled target cells from a heterogeneous cell population for further molecular characterization.     

Clinical significance of immunohistochemically detected lymph node micrometastasis in patients with histologically node-negative esophageal carcinoma: a multi-institutional study

Background  In esophageal carcinoma, the clinical significance of immunohistochemically (IHC)-detected lymph node (LN) micrometastasis is still controversial. We designed this multicenter study to determine the clinical significance of IHC-detected LN micrometastasis in esophageal carcinoma. Methods  The subjects were 164 patients with histopathologically confirmed LN-negative esophageal carcinoma from eight hospitals. A similar IHC technique was used in all institutions, and micrometastasis was diagnosed by a researcher at each hospital as well as independently by pathologists with special interest in esophageal carcinoma. Results  IHC-related micrometastasis in LN was considered positive in 51 (31%) patients by the researchers and in 25 (15%) by the pathologists. The latter micrometastases were further classified into a single (n = 13) and clusters (n = 12) of immunopositive-LN. Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that researcher-based diagnosis of micrometastasis had no significant impact on prognosis whereas the cluster-type micrometastasis diagnosed by pathologists had a significant impact on prognosis. Conclusions  We speculate that the inconsistent results of IHC analyses reported in the literature are caused by the use of different definitions of micrometastasis and the subjective nature of diagnosis of micrometastasis, i.e., dependence on the examiner. Our multiinstitutional study also indicates that the morphological aspects of immunostained cells should be considered when assessing micrometastasis in LN by IHC and that only LN with clusters of IHC-positive cells are prognostically significant in esophageal carcinoma.     

Lymph node micrometastasis in stage II distal rectal cancer following neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy

Objective The objective was to determine the presence and frequency of micrometastasis in lymph nodes of patients with rectal cancer treated by preoperative chemoradiation followed by curative resection.Patients and methods All 56 patients included were treated with 5-FU and leucovorin plus 5,040 cGy, followed by radical surgery and were diagnosed with stage II distal rectal adenocarcinoma after complete pathological examination (ypT3-4N0M0). Immunohistochemistry was assessed with cytokeratin monoclonal antibody AE1/AE3. Three 4-m paraffin sections were obtained from each lymph node, cut at 50 m apart from each other. The results were reviewed by two independent pathologists.Results Mean number of lymph nodes was 9.6 per patient. Four patients (7%) and seven lymph nodes (1.35%) were positive for micrometastasis. Three patients had pT3 and one a pT4 tumor. One of the patients had positive micrometastasis and the presence of mucinous deposits. One other patient had mucinous deposits without any micrometastasis. All four patients are alive with no evidence of recurrent disease. Fourteen patients negative for micrometastasis had recurrent disease (25%), eight systemic (14.7%) and six locoregional (10.3%). There were two cancer-related deaths. The mean follow-up period was 39 months.Conclusion Patients with rectal cancer treated by preoperative chemoradiation showed a surprisingly low rate of micrometastasis detection (7%), even in high-risk patients (T3 and T4 tumors). Lymph node micrometastasis was not associated with decreased overall or disease-free survival. The identification of mucinous deposits on lymph nodes with no viable tumor cells may be direct evidence of lymph node downstaging. The downstaging effect of preoperative chemoradiation therapy may be significant in reducing even micrometastasis detection in low rectal cancer managed by this treatment strategy.     

兔舌癌哨位淋巴结微转移模型的建立

目的:建立兔舌癌哨位淋巴结(sentinel lymph node,SLN)微转移模型,为进一步研究舌癌区域淋巴结转移的发生、发展机制及防治提供实验平台。方法:先正位、多循环移植Vx-2癌瘤于兔舌,每次8只兔,筛选出高淋巴转移潜力移植瘤;再将其移植到40只兔的舌部,分别于移植后第8、10、12、14和16天各随机处死8只,取出兔舌Vx-2移植瘤SLN,经连续切片和免疫组织化学检测其微转移形成情况。应用SPSS 17.0软件包对结果进行统计学分析。结果:经3次正位循环移植后,所得Vx-2移植瘤舌移植后SLN转移率达100%(8/8);该高淋巴转移潜力移植瘤移植兔舌后10~12 d,所获移植瘤SLN微转移发生率为100%(8/8)。结论:应用本研究筛选的高淋巴转移潜力Vx-2瘤移植兔舌后10~12 d,可获得较稳定的兔舌癌SLN微转移模型。     

乳腺癌无转移、微转移和宏转移淋巴结中树突状细胞的变化

目的 观察乳腺癌无转移、微转移和宏转移淋巴结中树突状细胞(DC)的变化.方法 对53例乳腺癌患者580枚腋窝淋巴结中常规病理诊断阴性的淋巴结共477枚进行重新切片,以组织特异性标志物细胞角蛋白-19(CK-19)单克隆抗体为一抗,采用免疫组织化学法检测有无微转移病灶,根据检测结果将淋巴结标本分为无转移、微转移和宏转移3组.分别以S-100、CDla和CD83单克降抗体为一抗采用免疫组织化学法检测无转移、微转移和宏转移淋巴结中DC的数量.结果 477枚常规病理诊断阴性的淋巴结经免疫组织化学检测发现36枚淋巴结存在微转移.S-100阳性DC的数量在无转移、微转移和宏转移淋巴结3组之间差异有统计学意义,两两比较发现无转移组大于微转移组和宏转移组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).CD1a阳性DC的数量在无转移、微转移和宏转移淋巴结3组之间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).CD83阳性DC的数量在无转移、微转移和宏转移淋巴结3组之间差异有统计学意义,两两比较发现微转移组大于无转移组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 乳腺癌转移到区域淋巴结后,淋巴结内DC的总体数量减少,局部免疫功能下降.但在淋巴结微转移阶段,成熟DC的数量相对增多,可能局部免疫功能下降还不明显.