2013年广州市番禺区登革热疫情分析

目的分析2013年广州市番禺区登革热疫情的流行特征,为预防和控制登革热提供依据。方法对登革热的病例个案进行流行病学调查及疫情资料进行分析。结果 2013年番禺区共报告登革热病例36例,其中实验室诊断16例,临床诊断20例。发病高峰出现在10月中下旬,全区病例以钟村街为主(占全区病例的28%)。男性12例,女性24例,男女比例为1∶2。职业以家务待业为主。常规蚊媒监测,布雷图指数最高为9月。结论广州市番禺区存在登革热流行的基本条件,应加强对蚊虫及疫情的监测,控制登革热暴发。     

Nested polymerase chain reaction in the diagnosis of congenital cytomegalovirus infection

Objective. Human cytomegalovirus infection is highly prevalent in Indian population. It is the commonest congenitally acquired infection causing various anomalies. The diagnosis of infection in neonates is difficult as IgM may not be detected in all cases. The polymerase chain reaction is reported as alternative and better option in these patients. However, there is lack of data to substantiate this preference in a resource poor country like India.Methods : Blood samples from 930 neonates/fetuses were first tested for specific anti-CMV IgM antibodies using μ-capture enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, Mac-ELISA. Nested PCR was first standardised on clinically and therapeutically confirmed cases of CMV disease. In the second phase blood samples randomly from 20 babies suspected of CMV infection were collected for serology and PCR and both tests were run independently. Twenty healthy controls were also included. IgM ELISA and PCR were performed on these samples and results of these 20 samples were compared to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of each method.Results : Out of 930 serum samples of suspected congenital CMV infection 188 (20.2%) were found positive for CMV specific IgM antibodies. While comparing the results of 40 paired samples, PCR was found to be highly specific (100%) but less sensitive than Mac-ELISA (95%) with negative predictive value of 100% and positive predictive value of 95%. Thus in congenital CMV infection Mac-ELISA was less costly, less cumbersome and more userfriendly.Conclusion : The Mac-ELISA seem to have parallel sensitivity and specificity as PCR for diagnosing congenital CMV infection.     

Mac ELISA测定乙脑患者血清和脑脊液中特异性IgM的评价

用抗体捕捉ELISA法(Mac ELISA)检测临床疑似流行性乙型脑炎(下称乙脑)病人脑脊液88份,阳性51份,阳性率57.95％;血清91份,阳性56份,阳性率为61.53％,两者无显著性差异(X~2=0.238 P>0.05);包括取自同一患者的脑脊液和血清各72份,阳性率分别为61.11％和68.05％;而分析其中14例IgG呈4倍以上增高,乙脑患者脑脊液IgM阳性13例,而血清IgM阳性却只有8例,提示在疫区流行季节内仅仅血清学IgM阳性有时可能为乙脑隐性感染的同时还伴其它有关病毒感染。