Lymphokine activated killer cells in murine coxsackievirus B3 myocarditis

The purpose of the present study was to determine whether lymphokine activated killer (LAK) cells were involved in the development of coxsackievirus B3 (CB3) myocarditis in both the acute viremic (Experiment I) and the subacute aviremic (Experiment II) stages. To induce LAK cells, recombinant human interleukin-2 (IL-2) was administered to CB3-infected mice subcutaneously daily, starting on day 0 in Experiment I and on day 7 in Experiment II for 7 days, respectively. The treated groups were compared to infected controls. Splenic lymphocytes of IL-2 treated mice were further cultured in vitro in IL-2 containing medium for 7 days, and LAK cell activity, i.e., cytotoxic activity of the lymphocytes against EL-4 tumor cells and against cultured fetal myocytes, was assayed by⁵¹Cr-release method. In Experiment I, histologic scores, myocardial virus titers, and LAK cell activity did not differ significantly between IL-2 treated and untreated groups. In contrast, in Experiment II, there were more cellular infiltration associated with severe necrosis and higher LAK cell activity against EL-4 cells and cultured myocytes in IL-2 treated than in untreated groups. The presence of LAK cells was demonstrated in the subacute stage of murine CB3 myocarditis. Thus, the behavior of LAK cell activity may vary with the course of myocarditis, and enhanced LAK cell activity may be involved in the development of the disease.This work was supported by research grants from the Conference on Coronary Artery Disease, Japanese Education of Science and Walfare (Nos. 08877110 and 09470164), Kanae Shinyaku Foundation, and Japan Cardiovascular Research Foundation.     

氧化苦参碱对LAK细胞活性的影响

ＬＡＫ细胞具有很强的广谱杀瘤作用，而氧化苦参碱具有较强的免疫抑制作用。本文研究了氧化苦参碱对ＬＡＫ细胞活力的影响，结果表明：氧化苦参碱可抑制ＩＬ－２对小鼠脾细胞的促增殖作用，并且对ＩＬ－２活化ＬＡＫ细胞杀伤Ｐ８１５的能力也有抑制作用。当ＩＬ－２（５００ｕ／ｍｌ）与２００μｇ／ｍｌ的氧化苦参碱共同孵育４ｄ后，可使ＬＡＫ细胞杀瘤能力（在效靶比为１００：１时）的８２．５％被抑制。同时氧化苦参碱本身对Ｐ８     

Cellular and molecular analyses of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) restricted and non-MHC-restricted effector cells recognizing renal cell carcinomas: problems and perspectives for immunotherapy

 Renal cell carcinomas belong to the small group of tumors that are able to induce antitumor responses. Here we describe two general types of cytotoxic effector lymphocytes that can eliminate autologous tumor cells and discuss the role that major histocompatibility complex encoded molecules play in governing their specificities. Improved understanding of the cellular and molecular basis of renal cell carcinoma recognition opens new avenues of research with the potential to develop better immunotherapies for patients with metastatic disease. Received: 24 July 1996 / Accepted: 1 November 1996     

Cell-Mediated Immunity in Infertility

ABSTRACT: A role of cell-mediated immunity in immunologic infertility is indicated by a number of animal immunization studies and by reported clinical associations between cellular immune responses and infertility. Furthermore, recent technical advances in the field of cellular immunology have enabled advanced studies on the cellular and soluble mediators of cell-mediated immune responses and their interactions with reproductive processes. In this article we review some of the recent technical and conceptual advances in cellular immunology, the classic literature on cellular immune responses in infertility, and recent evidence that certain products of activated lymphocytes and macrophages significantly affect reproductive functions.     

Decrease of lymphokine (interleukin-2)-activated killer activity in peripheral blood after administration of natural interferon-gamma

Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) acts on a large array of different types of cell and has potent immunomodulatory activities besides cytotoxic effects on tumors. In a phase I study, some immunologic parameters of blood mononuclear cells from healthy volunteers who received intramuscular injections of natural human IFN-gamma were analyzed. The percentage of Leu-11a positive cells, natural killer (NK) activity, lymphokine (interleukin-2)-activated killer (LAK) activity and monokine production were measured either in blood mononuclear cells or in purified samples of lymphocytes or monocytes of the donors before and 24 h after IFN-gamma injection. After IFN-gamma injection, the percentage of Leu-11a positive cells and the LAK activity in the blood were significantly reduced, but NK activity and monokine production remained unchanged. These findings suggest that in vivo IFN-gamma acts directly or indirectly on Leu-11a positive cells and reduces LAK activity by changing the recruitment of LAK precursors in the blood.     

血管内皮生长因子在大鼠实验性关节炎模型中表达的动态观察

目的：观察血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）在大鼠实验性关节炎模型中的表达，探讨VEGF在类风湿关节炎（RA）发病机制中的作用。方法：30只雄性Wistar大鼠采用皮下注射Ⅱ型胶原的方法诱导实验性关节炎模型，并随机分为6组，每组5只。致敏1、2、3、4、5、6周后分别将各组动物处死，采用免疫组织化学方法对组织中表达的VEGF进行观察，并采用计算机图像分析的方法对各时期VEGF的表达量进行定量分析。结果：大鼠在接受胶原致敏后2周左右发病，滑膜组织中的VEGF蛋白的分泌与炎症发展密切相关。结论：VEGF参与了实验性关节炎滑膜血管翳的形成过程，在RA的发病机制中具有重要意义。     

shRNA介导BTLA基因沉默对小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖的影响

目的 探讨RNA干扰负性共刺激分子B和T淋巴细胞衰减因子(BTLA)表达后小鼠淋巴细胞增殖的变化.方法 构建小鼠BTLA基因小发夹RNA(shRNA)质粒载体pSiencer 3.1-BTLA/shRNA,与H1启动子共同亚克隆至慢病毒载体pLB,包装病毒后转导小鼠脾淋巴细胞,流式细胞术(FCM)检测感染效率及BTLA分子表达水平.以刀豆蛋白A(ConA)及抗CD3单抗刺激BTLA shRNA干扰组为实验组,以未行基因沉默组为对照组,CCK-8法测定各组淋巴细胞增殖水平.结果 成功构建3个pLB-BTLA shRNA慢病毒干扰载体和一个非特异性shRNA载体,并制备高滴度病毒.特异性shRNA干扰组BTLA表达水平较对照组明显降低(约40%).抗CD3单抗刺激BTLA shRNA转染的淋巴细胞后增殖水平(A450值)显著增高(3.80±0.58),与未转染shRNA对照组(2.42±0.72)相比差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),而ConA刺激后细胞增殖水平shRNA转染组与未转染组相比差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);组间相比,BTLA基因沉默的小鼠脾淋巴细胞经抗CD3单抗处理后细胞增殖水平较ConA处理组明显增高(P＜0.05).结论 慢病毒载体携带的特异性shRNA可有效干扰小鼠脾淋巴细胞BTLA基因的表达,BTLA基因沉默对淋巴细胞增殖具有促进作用.     

Response of human glioblastoma cells to recombinant interleukin-2

We investigated the ability of glioma cells to respond to T cell-derived lymphokines. The growth of astrocytoma and mixed glioblastoma cell lines, as assessed by DNA synthesis, was inhibited in the presence of supernatants derived from mitogen-stimulated human T cells, an HTLV-II-transformed human T cell line, Mo, and human interleukin-2 (IL-2). The mixed glioblastoma cell line, 138-MG-C, was subjected to limiting dilution analysis, and two cell lines (5D7, 5C5) were derived which were homogeneous with respect to staining for galactocerebroside (GalC) (100%). These two GalC+ glioblastoma cell lines proliferated in the presence of high concentrations of recombinant human interleukin-2 (RIL-2). Additionally, these cell lines bear receptors for the IL-2 molecule as determined by immunofluorescent staining with various anti-IL-2 receptor antibodies.     

淋巴因子激活杀伤细胞的快速激活及其临床应用

用人脐血进行淋巴因子激活杀伤（ＬＡＫ）细胞体外快速激活，证实高浓度白细胞介素Ⅱ（ＩＬ－２）短期诱导可诱发明显ＬＡＫ活性。在一定浓度下诱导１小时，可获与常规法诱导（３～７天）类似的杀伤效应。血清学试验表明，此效应不受自体血清抑制。以短期诱导和常规诱导的两种ＬＡＫ细胞，对人卵巢癌裸鼠模型进行治疗，均获明显抑瘤作用。本研究使ＬＡＫ细胞体外诱导时间缩短，程序简化，费用降低。在此基础上，对快速ＬＡＫ细胞在晚期恶性肿瘤的临床应用作了初步探讨。     

Flow-cytometric measurements of the transmembrane potential,the surface charge density and the phagocytic activity of guinea pig macrophages after incubation with lymphokines

Summary The effects of lymphokines on guinea pig peritoneal macrophages were measured via flow cytometry utilizing the three-parameter FLUVO-METRICELL flow cytometer. On the basis of cell volume three distinct macrophage populations could be distinguished. Three to 5 min after starting the incubation with lymphokines a hyperpolarization of all three macrophage populations took place which was followed by depolarization. After 60 min the transmembrane potential reached again its control values. The negative charge density of the cell membrane decreased shortly after beginning of the incubation to 70-80% of the initial value and then remained unchanged for the following 120 min. The phagocytic activity of the macrophages was diminished during the depolarisation phase but increased over control values after restoration of the transmembrane potential.