胸腔镜治疗联合尿激酶局部应用在急性包裹性胸腔积液中的疗效评价

目的 评价胸腔镜联合尿激酶胸腔内注射治疗急性包裹黏连性胸腔积液的疗效。 方法 急性包裹黏连性胸腔积液患者58例,按照处理方法不同分为治疗组(n=27)、对照组(n=31),治疗组采用胸腔镜检查、治疗后放置胸腔闭式引流管,同时给予胸腔内注入尿激酶(10万U)保留24~48 h后引流,每周2次(可根据引流液的颜色增减次数);对照组常规胸腔置管引流。比较两组患者胸腔积液的引流量、积液蛋白含量、积液消失时间、胸膜厚度、治疗效果及并发症发生率。 结果 治疗组胸腔积液引流量为(1141.51±411.66)mL,显著多于对照组(751.93±605.53)mL(P<0.05);治疗组胸腔积液消失时间和胸膜厚度分别为(6.18±1.88)d和(2.09±0.50)mm,低于对照组(7.54±2.28)d和(2.90±0.57)mm(P<0.05);治疗组胸腔积液蛋白含量为(26.45±12.09)g,显著低于对照组(34.33±10.99)g(P<0.05)。治疗组有效率为96.3%(95%CI:58.5%~100%),高于对照组77.4%(95%CI:41.3%~100%)(P<0.001)。在并发症的发生率上两组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。 结论 内科胸腔镜联合尿激酶治疗包裹黏连性胸腔积液,患者胸腔积液引流量多、引流彻底、干净,积液消失快,胸膜增厚减轻,治疗效果好,且并发症无明显增加。     

包裹性胸腔积液的治疗进展

包裹性胸腔积液作为顽固性胸腔积液的一种,多见于感染性疾病,通常胸腔穿刺难以完全抽取胸腔内积液,且无法对增厚的胸膜进行干预.随着对包裹性积液的深入研究,人们对其病理生理、发生机制有了更深刻的认识.现认为胸腔积液中纤维蛋白的沉积造成了包裹,并且导致胸膜增厚、黏连,胸廓畸形,最终影响肺功能.因此,在治疗基础疾病的基础上尽早充分引流胸腔积液,防止纤维蛋白沉积是预防包裹性胸腔积液的重要措施,而破坏已形成的小房、溶解胸腔内纤维蛋白网则是治疗的重要方法.目前,临床有较多的防治方法,本文综述近年来国内外在治疗方面的研究工作,介绍各种方法及药物在治疗中的作用及存在的不足.     

A case of Ioculated pericardial abscess due to tuberculosis in an immunocompetent host

Tuberculosis involving the heart is rare, accounting for only 0.5% of cases of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Here we are presenting a case of an immunocompetent host who took one-year empirical antitubercular treatment for probable loculated tubercular pericardial abscess. On investigations, loculated pericardial abscess due to Mycobacterium Tuberculosis was confirmed. As patient did not respond to one-year antitubercular treatment and abscess was enlargirlg on serial computed tomography thorax and could not be aspirated completely due to presence of loculations, pericardiecto- my with drainage of pyopericardium was done. This case is an important reminder that TB can manifest as pericardial ab- scess without significant lung involvement and an early diagnosis and aspiration in above case could have prevented surgical intervention.