全文获取类型
收费全文 | 323篇 |
免费 | 16篇 |
国内免费 | 2篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 1篇 |
儿科学 | 7篇 |
妇产科学 | 1篇 |
基础医学 | 52篇 |
临床医学 | 19篇 |
内科学 | 100篇 |
皮肤病学 | 41篇 |
特种医学 | 1篇 |
外科学 | 3篇 |
综合类 | 12篇 |
预防医学 | 68篇 |
眼科学 | 2篇 |
药学 | 27篇 |
中国医学 | 6篇 |
肿瘤学 | 1篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 1篇 |
2022年 | 8篇 |
2021年 | 5篇 |
2020年 | 8篇 |
2019年 | 13篇 |
2018年 | 12篇 |
2017年 | 4篇 |
2016年 | 9篇 |
2015年 | 11篇 |
2014年 | 31篇 |
2013年 | 30篇 |
2012年 | 16篇 |
2011年 | 25篇 |
2010年 | 24篇 |
2009年 | 25篇 |
2008年 | 12篇 |
2007年 | 11篇 |
2006年 | 12篇 |
2005年 | 10篇 |
2004年 | 12篇 |
2003年 | 8篇 |
2002年 | 3篇 |
2001年 | 5篇 |
2000年 | 5篇 |
1999年 | 1篇 |
1998年 | 9篇 |
1997年 | 3篇 |
1996年 | 6篇 |
1995年 | 4篇 |
1994年 | 3篇 |
1993年 | 3篇 |
1992年 | 4篇 |
1991年 | 3篇 |
1988年 | 1篇 |
1987年 | 1篇 |
1985年 | 1篇 |
1984年 | 1篇 |
1979年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有341条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
BALB/c mice are susceptible to a high-dose infection of the protozoan Leishmania major, which induces a parasite-specific antibody, Th2-like response, exclusive of a significant and protective cell-mediated Th1 component. We have shown, in contrast, that infection with a low number of parasites induces cell-mediated immunity exclusive of antibody production, and results in resistance to substantial subsequent high-dose infection. Low-dose exposure thus constitutes effective vaccination. In the present study, we analyze lymphokine production by parasite-specific T cells from these low-dose exposed, resistant mice and from normal, susceptible mice following high-dose infection. Two findings stand out. First, the parasite-specific T cells in mice rendered resistant appear not to be in an activated, effector state at the time of parasite challenge, as assessed by lack of lymphokine production on short-term stimulation with parasite antigens, but to be rather in a memory state. Second, the ratio of parasite antigen-dependent production of interferon-γ to that of interleukin-4 by spleen cells of low-dose exposed and normal mice upon high-dose challenge takes a dramatically different course. This ratio is similar in both groups of mice shortly after challenge, but increases dramatically in the resistant and declines dramatically in the control mice over a period of weeks, such that these ratios differ by about 60-fold 12 weeks after the high-dose challenge. In addition, we show that a similar state of resistance occurs following low-dose infection with a more virulent strain of L. major. In toto, our observations suggest that resistance may be generally achievable by low-dose exposure and may be associated with a memory state which, when activated by parasite challenge, results in the evolution of the response over weeks such that the protective, Th1 component becomes ever more dominant over the Th2 component. 相似文献
2.
Heidrun Moll Harald Fuchs Christine Blank Martin Rllinghoff 《European journal of immunology》1993,23(7):1595-1601
Murine epidermal Langerhans cells (LC) have been shown to internalize Leishmania major, a cause of human cutaneous leishmaniasis, and to stimulate a vigorous parasite-specific T cell response. The present study emphasizes the critical role of LC in leishmaniasis by documenting directly that LC have the ability to transport L. major from the skin to the draining lymph node (LN). This was revealed by irreversible labeling of LC with a fluorescent cell linker and in vivo tracking. In contrast, no migration to the LN was seen with L. major-infected macrophages. These findings were consistent with the results of mixed labeling immunohistology showing that early in infection the expression of parasite antigen in the LN draining the lesion was confined to dendritic cells and could not be detected in macrophages. Furthermore, dendritic cells in LN draining the site of cutaneous infection stimulated L. mayor-primed T cells in vitro and, most notably, were able to activate unprimed T cells capable of mediating parasite-specific delayed-type hypersensitivity reactivity in vivo. Taken together, the results indicate that LC capture L. major in the skin and transport it to the regional LN for initiation of the specific T cell immune response. 相似文献
3.
Detection of Leishmania infantum kinetoplast DNA in laryngeal tissue from an immunocompetent patient
Guddo F Gallo E Cillari E La Rocca AM Moceo P Leslie K Colby T Rizzo AG 《Human pathology》2005,36(10):1140-1142
Mucosal leishmaniasis of the upper respiratory tract is usually associated with the visceral form or is found in immunosuppressed individuals. This report presents a case of isolated mucosal leishmaniasis in an immunocompetent patient, whose diagnosis mainly rested on histology and positive polymerase chain reaction result for Leishmania donovani in the laryngeal tissue. A 59-year-old man, who never lived outside Italy, showed a subglottic mucosal polypoid-like lesion. The typical morphological picture and positive polymerase chain reaction result for L donovani by DNA extracted from laryngeal biopsy specimens allowed the diagnosis of mucosal leishmaniasis. Specific amphotericin B therapy was started, resulting in clinical and endoscopic improvement. Increased knowledge about the histological and molecular tissue analysis of Leishmania enhances the diagnostic testing for mucosal leishmaniasis, as primary mucosal leishmaniasis may occur in both immunosuppresed and immunocompetent patients who travel to or reside in areas endemic for Leishmania. 相似文献
4.
《Environmental toxicology and pharmacology》2014,37(3):1304-1311
Antileishmanial in vitro tests, as well as Ames and micronucleus assays were performed with a concentrated ethanolic extract of Physalis angulata (EEPA)ResultsEEPA did not present mutagenic effect in Salmonella typhimurium strains at concentration reaching 3000 μg/plate and did not induce mutagenic effects after two oral administrations with a 24 h interval at a dose level of 2000 mg/kg. EEPA presented antileishmanial activity and presented an IC50 value of 5.35 ± 2.50 μg/mL and 4.50 ± 1.17 μg/mL against Leishmania amazonensis and Leishmania braziliensis promastigotes, respectively. In the cytotoxicity test against macrophages, the EEPA had a LC50 of 6.14 ± 0.59 μg/mL. Importantly, the IC50 against L. amazonensis intracellular amastigotes was 1.23 ± 0.11 μg/mL.ConclusionEEPA extract is non-mutagenic and presented a promising pharmacological effect against Leishmania parasites. 相似文献
5.
Ambak Kumar Rai Chandreshwar Prasad Thakur Prabin Kumar Sheetal Saini Amit Kumar Kureel Smita Kumari 《Immunological investigations》2018,47(2):125-134
Background: Natural Killer (NK) cell plays an important role in the innate immune system and is known to produce IFN-γ at an early stage of infection that is essential to eliminate intracellular infection like Leishmania spp. It is already established that Leishmania parasite inhibits the activity of NK cells, avoiding the encounter with the early innate immune response. This, in turn, favors establishment and further dissemination of the infection. Methods: In the present study, we have tried to measure the frequency of different phenotypic subsets of NK cells among visceral leishmaniasis (VL) patients. Results: We have phenotyped three distinct three distinct subsets (CD56–CD161+, CD56+CD161–, and CD56+CD161+) of NK (CD3–) cell using their specific markers CD161 and CD56. Conclusion: Interestingly, we observed selective loss of CD56+CD161+ subset of circulating NK (CD3–) cells. Importantly, the other subsets (i.e., CD56?CD161+ and CD56+CD161–) of circulating NK cells remain unaffected as compared with healthy subjects. 相似文献
6.
Guilherme Loureiro Werneck 《Revista de saúde pública》2014,48(5):851-856
The control of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis is a challenge, particularly in Brazil, where the disease has been gradually spreading across the country over the past 30 years. Strategies employed for decreasing the transmission risk are based on the control of vector populations and reservoirs; since humans are considered unnecessary for the maintenance of transmission. Among the adopted strategies in Brazil, the sacrifice of infected dogs is commonly performed and has been the most controversial measure. In the present study, we provide the rationale for the implementation of different control strategies targeted at reservoir populations and highlight the limitations and concerns associated with each of these strategies. 相似文献
7.
Paulo Ricardo Criado Neusa Sakai Valente Aliene Noda Walter Belda Junior 《Anais brasileiros de dermatologia》2014,89(4):669-670
We present an interesting case report of two sarcoid-like lesions on a port-wine
stain (PWS) birthmark in a Brazilian patient which on investigation proved to be
cutaneous leishmaniasis. 相似文献
8.
Fred Bernardes Filho Danielle Cristine Bonatto Gustavo Martins Leonardo de Medeiros Maier José Augusto da Costa Nery Luna Azulay-Abulafia 《Anais brasileiros de dermatologia》2014,89(5):848-850
American cutaneous leishmaniasis is in full geographic expansion in Brazil and it is
considered among the infectious and parasitic diseases of utmost importance
worldwide, not only by its frequency, but mainly by therapeutic difficulties,
deformities and sequelae that may result. In the state of Rio de Janeiro, the first
autochthonous case of American cutaneous leishmaniasis was registered by Rabello in
1913. The authors report two cases of the disease in the region around the Cemetery
São Francisco Xavier, in the Caju neighborhood, Rio de Janeiro city, and emphasize
the need for actions that aim to early diagnosis and treatment of American cutaneous
leishmaniasis cases. 相似文献
9.
Dr. J. Braun J. Sieper K -L. Schulte E. Thiel K. Janitschke 《Clinical rheumatology》1991,10(4):445-448
Summary Fever in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) may be caused by exacerbation of the disease itself or by infection. We report on a patient with a long standing history of SLE that was complicated by fever and pancytopenia with no splenomegaly. SLE disease activity was suspected because of an elevated DNA-antibody titer. The early positive response to corticoid therapy may have masked the underlying infection. Visceral leishmaniasis was diagnosed by a repeated bone marrow biopsy and serological testing. 相似文献
10.
Soil samples weighing 255.3 kg, collected from 50 villages of 5 visceral leishmaniasis (VL) endemic districts of Bihar state were examined for sandfly breeding, using the soil incubation method. Breeding of sandflies was detected in 46% of the villages and 7.3% of the soil samples examined. Intra-domestic soil was found to be infested with 2 species of sandflies, Phlebotomus argentipes Annandale and Brunetti and Phlebotomus papatasi (Scopoli). In comparison with human houses, P. argentipes was found to show greater propensity to breed in cattle sheds; breeding prevalences in villages and soil samples, for the species, were significantly higher in cattle sheds than in human houses. The preference for breeding sites by the sandflies appeared to be associated with the pH of the soil. P. argentipes thus preferred to breed in the alkaline soil of cattle shed, and P. papatasi in the soil with neutral pH, of human houses. The emergence of adult P. argentipes from soil samples was mainly observed from April to October. 相似文献