罗伊氏乳杆菌对轮状病毒感染肠炎患儿免疫功能与肠道菌群及临床疗效的影响

目的探究罗伊氏乳杆菌DSM 17938在治疗轮状病毒感染肠炎患儿中的疗效及对免疫功能、肠道菌群的影响。方法收集于2018年2月-2019年2月在阳光融和医院进行诊治的轮状病毒感染肠炎患儿126例,随机分为试验组(63例)和对照组(63例)。对照组给予常规补液治疗及蒙脱石散和枯草杆菌二联活菌口服治疗,试验组采用常规补液治疗及蒙脱石散和罗伊氏乳杆菌DSM 17938辅助治疗。观察两组患儿的腹泻改善情况,并分析对免疫功能(IgG、IgA、CD4^+/CD8^+水平)及肠道菌群失调的影响。结果在治疗72 h后,试验组患儿的治疗总有效率为92.06%,高于对照组的74.60%(P=0.009);且治疗后两组患儿的IgG、IgA、CD4^+/CD8^+水平均较治疗前有升高(P<0.05),且试验组水平高于对照组(P<0.05)。对患儿肠道菌群进行分析,在治疗1周后,试验组患儿肠道菌群失调程度低于对照组,且试验组的肠道菌群正常比例高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论罗伊氏乳杆菌DSM 17938对于辅助治疗轮状病毒感染肠炎患儿具有良好的疗效,能够提高患儿免疫力,改善肠道菌群失调,减轻患儿腹泻症状,具有一定的临床应用价值。     

Resveratrol attenuates high-fat diet-induced non-alcoholic steatohepatitis by maintaining gut barrier integrity and inhibiting gut inflammation through regulation of the endocannabinoid system

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Management of upper gastrointestinal perforations

Perforation of the upper gastrointestinal (UGI) tract is a surgical emergency. Causes of oesophageal perforation include spontaneous (Boerhaave's), iatrogenic or foreign body ingestion. Perforation of the stomach and duodenum is most often caused by peptic ulcer disease. Management involves obtaining an accurate clinical diagnosis, through a combination of patient assessment, imaging and endoscopy. It is important to differentiate intramural from full thickness oesophageal perforations as this will guide the definitive surgical or endoscopic management. Perioperative care of these patients is as important as the definitive management step. This article will summarise an approach to managing perforation of the UGI tract; from initial assessment to postoperative care.     

Microbiote intestinal et stéatopathie métabolique

Non alcoholic fatty liver disease or NAFLD is a disease with a large spectrum of liver injury that could appear in overweight or obese individuals with a metabolic syndrome. However, among overweight or obese, only a subset of individuals develops severe forms of NAFLD. Thus, the susceptibility of NAFLD is related to cofactors that could be protective or conversely noxious. Studies carried out in rodent models have demonstrated that the intestinal microbiota is a cofactor with a causal role in NAFLD. The bacterial patterns as well as the metabolites produced by intestinal bacteria are directly involved in the mediation of their effects, although the mechanisms are far from being fully identified. Changing intestinal microbiota by using fibers, prebiotics or probiotics can prevent or improve NAFLD in murine models. The translation of these data to human therapeutics is encouraging but remains limited. Indeed, there is clearly a dysbiosis associated with the different stages of NAFLD. The first clinical trials performed in patients to improve NAFLD showed beneficial effects although their analysis remains complicated given the many confounding factors, such as the use of metformin or proton inhibitors. A first clinical trial using a metabolite from Akkermansia muciniphila, suggests that new therapeutic approaches will emerge in the coming years based either on the modulation of the intestinal microbiota directly or on the modulation of intestinal microbiota targets.     

益生菌联合肠内营养对急性胰腺炎患者肠道菌群及外周血miR-155的影响

目的 探讨益生菌联合肠内营养对急性胰腺炎患者肠道菌群及外周血miR-155的影响。 方法 选取2016年6月至2018年12月河北医科大学第二医院消化内科收治的92例急性胰腺炎患者作为研究对象，根据随机数字表法分为观察组（n=46）和对照组（n=46），对照组在常规治疗基础上给予肠内营养治疗，观察组在对照组基础上给予双歧杆菌乳杆菌三联活菌片，观察两组患者治疗前后肠道菌群、炎性介质及血清miR-155变化，比较两组患者治疗后胃肠道功能恢复情况。结果 治疗后，观察组双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌增加数量，肠球菌、大肠埃希菌减少数量，血清CRP、IL-6、IL-17、TNF-α、miR-155降低水平均显著高于对照组（P<0.05）；观察组患者胃肠生活质量量表（GIQLI）评分高于对照组，腹胀消失时间、腹痛消失时间、肠鸣音恢复时间、血清淀粉酶恢复正常时间均少于对照组（P<0.05）。结论 益生菌联合肠内营养治疗急性胰腺炎可调节肠道菌群平衡，降低血清miR-155水平，缓解炎性反应，促进肠道功能恢复。     

Transplantation of an eight-organ multivisceraI graft in a patient with frozen abdomen after complicated Crohn's disease

To report an extended multivisceral transplantation (MVTx) including right kidney and ascending colon in a patient with complicated Crohn's disease (CD). A 36-year old female suffering from short bowel syndrome and frozen abdomen due to fistulizing CD after multiple abdominal operations underwent MVTx of eight organs including stomach, pancreatoduodenal complex, liver, intestine, ascending colon, right kidney, right adrenal gland, and greater omentum in November 2003. Immunosuppression consisted of alemtuzumab, tacrolimus and steroids. The patient was off parenteral nutrition by postoperative wk 3. She experienced one episode of pneumonia. The patient recovered completely and discharged 2.5 mo and was doing well 30 mo after MVTx. This is one of the very rare cases in which a complete mulitivisceral graft of eight abdominal organs was transplanted orthotopically.     

Prospect of Endoscopic Mucosal Resection for Early Gastric Cancer: Our Devices in Insulated‐Tip Electrosurgical Knife Method

In Kobe University Hospital, a new method for endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) using insulated‐tip electrosurgical knife (IT‐EMR) for early gastric cancer (EGC) was introduced from November 2001. To achieve an effective and safe IT‐EMR procedure, we use a high‐frequency surgical unit for cutting and coagulation (ERBOTOM ICC 200) with automatically controlled cutting mode (ENDOCUT). In this study, we show not only our results of IT‐EMR for EGC in comparison with those of the conventional strip biopsy method, but also the optimal conditions for the apparatus of a high‐frequency surgical unit to prevent complications such as bleeding and perforation.     

碱性成纤维细胞生长因子对慢性鼓膜穿孔愈合的影响

目的 :探讨碱性成纤维细胞生长因子 (bFGF)在慢性鼓膜穿孔愈合中的作用。方法 :在豚鼠慢性创伤性鼓膜穿孔的动物模型上 ,观察应用bFGF 磷酸缓冲液 (2 5 0mg/L)治疗的鼓膜愈合率 ,用组织学检查鼓膜中层厚度 ,并与仅用磷酸缓冲液 (PBS)处理的作对照。结果 :bFGF治疗组鼓膜愈合率明显高于PBS组 (89.3%vs 37.5 % ,P <0 .0 1) ;鼓膜中层厚度bFGF组显著高于PBS组 [(30 5± 37) μmvs (10 2± 2 1) μm ,P <0 .0 1]。结论 :局部应用bFGF有明显促进慢性鼓膜穿孔鼓膜中层厚度及上皮细胞增生 ,促进鼓膜愈合的作用。     

Is colonic electrical activity a similar phenomena to small-bowel electrical activity?

PURPOSE: This study was designed to investigate colonic spike bursts regarding 1) their migration behavior, 2) their pressure correlates, and 3) comparing colonic short spike bursts with spike bursts from migrating myoelectric complex from the small bowel. METHODS: Rectosigmoid electromyography and manometry were recorded simultaneously in seven normal volunteers and electromyography alone in five others during two hours of fasting and for two hours after one 2,100-kJ meal. One patient with an ileostomy was also studied by the same method to record the migrating myoelectric complex from the terminal ileum during fasting. RESULTS: Three kinds of spike bursts were observed in the pelvic colon: rhythmic short spike bursts, migrating long spike bursts, and nonmigrating long spike bursts. The meal significantly increased the number of migrating and nonmigrating long spike bursts (from 25 to 38.7 percent of the recording time; P <0.01). These bursts of potentials showed a peak 15 minutes after the meal, which may be caused by the gastrocolic reflex. Migrating long spike bursts started anywhere along the rectosigmoid and migrated from there aborad 82 percent of the time and orad or in both directions in 10 or 7 percent of the time, respectively. They originated pressure waves 99 percent of the time. Short spike bursts were more frequent before the meal (15.1 percent before and 9.6 percent after the meal), but the difference was not significant; they neither propagated nor initiated pressure waves detected by the miniballoon. CONCLUSIONS: Migrating long spike bursts were the only potentials that migrated, sometimes for short distances. Short spike bursts are a different phenomenon from the small-bowel migrating myoelectric complex because they do not migrate; they can occur during the postprandial period and never originated intraluminal pressure waves.Supported by a grant from the Instituto Nacional de Investigação Científica, Proc. DBI-22086.Presented at the meeting of the Portuguese Congress of Gastrenterology, Vila Moura, Portugal, June 2 to 5, 1993.     

460例胃癌纤维胃镜活检标本的病理观察

本文分析了460例胃癌胃粘膜活检资料,结果:男:女为2.36:1:51～60岁年龄组发病率最岛(37.17％);发生部位以胃窦部最多见,占46.74％;组织学分类以低分化腺癌最多,占51 52％;在伴随病变中,畅化生的检出率为21.74％,胃腺囊为35％,胃粘膜上皮异型增生为32.61％。本组材料提示,不完全性大肠型肠化生、异型胃腺囊及胃粘膜中度以上异型增生与胃癌有密切关系。