间接血凝试验血滴纸片法诊断囊虫病的实验研究

本文对１２３例囊虫病人，３０例正常人，１９３例精神病患者和４５０例其他病人进行了间接血凝试验血滴纸片法检查，１２３例囊虫病人阳性率为９６．７％；３０例正常人的阳性率为３．３％。这表明接血凝试验血滴纸片法的敏感性和特异性很高。     

间接血凝试验诊断旋毛虫病

本文采用经Sephadex G-200层析后的旋毛虫幼虫抗原对实验感染旋毛虫大鼠和旋毛虫病人血清作间接血凝试验(IHA)。结果表明,20只大鼠感染后第16天全部出现阳性反应。9例旋毛虫病患者为阳性。本试验用于囊虫病、华枝睾吸虫病和健康人及正常大鼠均为阴性。检查本地区31只狗,阳性符合率为66.7％。     

海南省黎族居民弓形虫感染情况调查

为了解我省黎族居民弓形虫感染情况的流行特征,采用间接红细胞凝集试验（ＩＨＡ）对保亭、通什、昌江三县市部分黎族居民进行了形本调查,并调查８５６人,结果抗体阳性３１人,阳性率３．６２％。调查结果表明,黎族居民弓形虫感染比较严重应当引起重视。     

血吸虫病中度流行区化疗对象筛查方法的费用-效果

目的 寻找血吸虫病中度流行区简便、有效、经济、适用的化疗对象筛查方法。方法 分别以粪检、询检、间凝法(IHA)及胶体染料试纸条法(DDIA，原称DSIA)对居民进行血吸虫病筛查，并对各方法进行分析和评价。结果 IHA法与粪检总符合率为72.33％，阳性预告值为26.78％；DDIA法仅略低于IHA法；询检法相对较差。卫生经济学费用一效果分析显示，IHA法检出1例感染者所需费用明显高于DDIA法和询检法。结论 IHA法是一种简便、有效，在感染率为5％～10％的血吸虫病中度流行区较可取的筛查方法，但所需费用较高；DDIA法是一种较IHA法更为简便、快速、廉价的方法，且敏感性很高，较适合于现场筛查。     

赤峰市黄鼠鼠疫血清流行病学研究

目的了解黄鼠鼠疫现状，分析疫情动态，为防治鼠疫工作提供科学依据。方法选用鼠疫间接血凝试验（IHA）方法，对采集的黄鼠血清进行检测，依据GB16883—1997鼠疫自然疫源地及动物鼠疫现疫流行区判定标准判定疫区，对疫情进行流行病学分析。结果1995～2005年共设调查点99个，检验黄鼠血清21028份，阳性29份，FI抗体滴度在1：40～1：2560之间，阳性血清分布在6个年度8个地区，皆被判定为鼠疫现疫流行区。结论赤峰市黄鼠鼠疫已进入活跃期，建议各地积极采取综合性防治措施。血清流行病学方法调查鼠疫疫情，可缩短有限鼠疫疫源面积的监测周期。     

Serodiagnosis of Schistosoma mansoni infections in an endemic area of Burkina Faso: performance of several immunological tests with different parasite antigens

The performance of indirect haemagglutination assays (IHA), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and indirect immunofluorescent antibody tests (IFAT) were compared with 450 sera from a Schistosoma mansoni-endemic area in Burkina Faso. All participants in this survey provided at least one sample each of stool, urine and serum. From those with an egg-negative Kato-Katz thick smear, a second stool sample was examined. IHA was based on either extracts of adult S. mansoni worms (SmIHA) or S. japonicum egg antigen (SjIHA). For ELISA, three antigen preparations were used, namely: (i) soluble S. mansoni adult worm antigens (SWAP); (ii) soluble S. mansoni egg antigens (SEA); and (iii) a cationic exchange fraction of S. mansoni eggs (CEF6). IFAT was performed with S. mansoni male worm sections. Among the egg-excretors, the sensitivity of ELISA was high and egg antigens performed slightly better (SEA, 96%; CEF6, 97%) than worm antigen (94%). Sensitivity of IHA was satisfactory with homologous (Sm, >85%), but not heterologous (Sj, 56%) parasite antigen. In IFAT, the parenchyma-associated fluorescence showed high sensitivity (95%), but gut-associated fluorescence, which is known to be a sensitive diagnostic marker for schistosome-infected European travelers, was observed only in 76% of a sub-sample of 100 of the endemic sera. Among sera from egg-negative individuals, many gave positive reactions in several or all of the tests employed. These reactions (formally "false positive") are considered to represent true infections, since chemotherapy had not yet been delivered to this population. For the purpose of further surveys in Burkina Faso or other resource-poor settings, we suggest IHA as an accurate diagnostic test and propose to further improve its performance by including egg rather than worm antigens.     

IHA和DIGFA诊断血吸虫病可靠性分析

目的分析间接红细胞凝集试验(IHA)和金标免疫法(DIGFA)诊断血吸虫病的可靠性。方法采集经粪便孵化法确诊且未经治疗的血吸虫病患者血清标本46份和健康人血清42份,分别用IHA和DIGFA进行检测,观察2种方法的敏感度和特异度。IHA法每份血清做1∶5、1∶10、1∶20、1∶40共4个滴度。结果46份血吸虫病患者血清检测结果:IHA法1∶5、1∶10、1∶20、1∶40滴度检出率分别为91.30%(42/46)、76.09%(35/46)、65.22%(30/46)、45.65%(21/46),DIGFA法检出率为69.57%(32/46);42份健康人血清检测结果:IHA法1∶5、1∶10、1∶20、1∶40滴度阳性率分别为7.14%(3/42)、4.76%(2/42)、0%(0/42)、0%(0/42),IHA(1∶5)和IHA(1∶10)特异度分别为92.85%、95.24%,DIGFA的特异度为97.62%(41/42)。结论IHA和DIGFA检测血吸虫病患者血清阳性率(敏感度)偏低;用IHA和DIGFA诊断血吸虫病可信度较差;IHA的阳性阈值滴度为1∶5阳性检出率较高。     

Seroprevalence and risk factors of Chlamydia infection in dogs in Southwestern China

Chlamydia spp. are obligate intracellular bacteria distributed globally, known to cause various forms of diseases in animals and humans. To date, there is limited information about the seroprevalence of Chlamydia and the risk factors associated with Chlamydia infection in dogs in the world. In the present study, a serological survey was undertaken to examine the seroprevalence and risk factors associated with dog chlamydiosis in Yunnan Province, southwestern China. A total of 591 dogs were sampled, antibodies to Chlamydia were determined by indirect hemagglutination assay (IHA). The overall seroprevalence was estimated at 17.6%. The risk factors associated with seroprevalence were determined by a multivariate logistic regression analysis. Gender and age of dogs were not significant in the logistic regression analysis (P > 0.05) and left out of the final model. Type and geographical origin of dogs were considered as main risk factors associated with Chlamydia infection, stray dogs (31.37%) were more than 16 times (OR = 16.167, 95% CI = 6.283–41.599, P < 0.01) at risk of acquiring the infection compared to the police dogs (7.62%), while pet dogs (14.41%) had a 3 times (OR = 2.968, 95% CI = 1.349–6.529, P = 0.007) higher risk. Positive dogs were found in 5 districts of Yunnan Province with prevalence ranging from 2.56% to 31.67% except Diqing (0/56). Dogs in Kunming (20.21%) had a 9 times higher risk of being seropositive compared to dogs in Lijiang (2.56%) (OR = 9.057, 95% CI = 1.211–67.714, P = 0.032), although no regional differences were found in other 4 administrative divisions compared to Lijiang (P > 0.05). Our study revealed a widespread and high prevalence of Chlamydia infection in dogs in Yunnan Province, southwestern China, with higher exposure risk in stray dogs and distinct geographical distribution. These findings suggest the potential importance of dogs in the transmission of zoonotic Chlamydia infection, and thus Chlamydia should be taken into consideration in diagnosing dog diseases.     

日本血吸虫病常用诊断方法应用价值的评估IIHA筛查法对血吸虫病疫区人群感染率的评价

目的分析IHA筛查法评估血吸虫病疫区人群感染率的可靠性。方法在江西省鄱阳湖血吸虫病疫区选取一个村的居民为研究对象，对每位对象收集2次新鲜粪便标本各制作6张Kato片（2粪12片）进行病原学检测，同时采用IHA法进行血清学定量检测，分析常规1粪3张Kato片的阳性检出率与漏检率、IHA的诊断效率及IHA与Kato-Katz法结果的相关性。结果3张Kato片漏检率达19．7％～66．1％，1粪较2粪漏检率为23．0％。IHA的敏感度和特异度分别为69．6％、89．4％，与Kato-Katz法的总符合率为86．7％。IHA的阴性预测值为96．8％，但阳性预测值较低（36．8％），阳性漏检率高达30．4％；IHA筛查法对试点区人群感染率估算的漏检率达35．8％。结论IHA筛查法对疫区人群实际感染率估算有较大的偏差，IHA作为筛查工具仍需提高其敏感性和特异性，IHA阳性阈值有待进一步探讨。