Computed radiography for the radiological technologist

CR has emerged as a general imaging technology for successful imaging of the chest, abdominal, musculoskeletal, and pediatric anatomy. For the general radiographer, CR is both celebrated and scorned for its complex function, and requires thorough ongoing training for the technologists to produce consistently high image quality. Digital radiography's unique separation of detector, display, and archive add a flexibility over screen-film technology for moving, storing, printing, and viewing plain radiographic images. CR technology is now a viable solution for those wishing to embrace the electronic and digital revolution in medicine. Although the system has less spatial resolution than screen-film technology, the strength of postacquisition image processing to enhance pathology and view obscured anatomy makes CR imaging attractive to technologists and radiologists. CR is a new modality for the general radiographer that, when put into the hands of a well-trained technologist, produces images of beautiful diagnostic quality.     

2型糖尿病患者颈动脉IMT与血清25(OH)D水平的相关性研究

目的 探讨葡萄糖耐量减低和2型糖尿病患者颈动脉内膜中层厚度(IMT)与血清25OH总维生素D [25(OH)D]浓度的关系,为糖尿病及其大血管并发症的防治提供新的思路.方法 选取2014年9月至2015年9月在我院就诊的葡萄糖耐量减低和2型糖尿病患者各28例,分别设为糖耐量减低组和2型糖尿病组,另选取同期在我院进行健康体检者28例,设为正常对照组.检测各组受检者的IMT和25(OH)D水平,应用Spearman统计分析IMT和25(OH)D水平的相关性.结果 正常对照组、糖耐量减低组、2型糖尿病组患者IMT依次升高[(0.87±0.15) mm vs (0.96 ± 0.18) mm vs (1.13 ± 0.30) mm]、25(OH)D水平依次降低[(18.03 ± 7.35)μg/L vs (15.34 ± 6.84)μg/L vs (12.53 ± 5.38)μg/L],组间比较差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05);Spearman相关分析显示,IMT和25(OH)D水平呈负相关(r=-0.40,P<0.05).结论 葡萄糖耐量减低和2型糖尿病患者存在不同程度的颈动脉IMT增厚、血清25(OH)D水平降低,血清25(OH)D水平降低与颈动脉IMT增厚密切相关.     

Salivary antigens of the cat flea, Ctenocephalides felis felis

The cat flea, Ctenocephalides felis felis, is the major cause of flea bite hypersensitivity (FBH) in dogs and cats, yet little progress has been reported on identifying the antigens responsible. We obtained flea salivary antigens by washing secretions from containers probed by the mouthparts of fleas, and by extracting whole flea salivary glands. Mice were exposed to feeding fleas to generate antibodies to salivary antigens injected in vivo . The sera were tested for antibodies against the salivary antigens described and against a whole flea extract; in indirect ELISA, antibodies to salivary secretions were detected in 60% of the sera from mice exposed to feeding fleas. These sera identified four protein bands at apparent MW 56, 54, 42 and 40 K which corresponded to prominent protein bands in whole salivary gland extracts identified by protein staining after SDS-PAGE. Fixed sections of whole fleas exposed to the antisera showed that only structures within the salivary glands were identified. The salivary secretions and gland extracts are now being used to study immune responses of dogs suffering from FBH.     

免疫斑点技术检测LT和CT的研究

本文使用免疫斑点技术对大肠杆菌LT和霍乱弧菌CT进行了检测研究。并与ELISA双抗体夹心法作比较。其敏感性和特异性基本一致。对124份大肠杆菌,55份霍乱弧菌毒素提取液与65份家兔肠袢积液用两种方法同时检测,阳性率均无差异,在检测LT时两者符合率达94.3％。IDT操作简便,15小时即可获得明确结果,试剂用量少,肉眼观测结果,无需特殊仪器,故对LT和CT的检测具有较大的实用价值。     

皮内试验和间接荧光抗体试验诊断并殖吸虫病的初步研究

应用并殖吸虫成虫可溶性抗原对8例并殖吸虫病患者进行皮内试验,其中7例为阳性反应。应用并殖吸虫成虫冰冻切片间接荧光抗体试验(IFAT),对并殖吸虫病、其它寄生虫病及非流行区正常人血清进行检测井殖吸虫抗体,结果:8份该病患者血清IFAT均为阳性反应,囊虫病患者血清7份及脑脊液2份,蛔虫病、丝虫病、华枝睾吸虫病患者血清各2份,非流行区正常人血清16份,IFAT均为阴性反应;旋毛虫病患者血清15份中,14份IFAT呈阴性反应,另一份IFAT为弱阳性反应。     

Toxicological potential of acyl glucuronides and its assessment

Idiosyncratic drug toxicity (IDT) is a serious problem in drug development. Reactive metabolites are postulated to be one of the causes for IDT. Conjugated metabolites are generally non-reactive except for acyl glucuronides (AGs), which are sufficiently reactive to covalently bind to endogenous proteins. Thus, it has been suggested that AGs would contribute to IDT caused by carboxylic acid-containing drugs. Glucuronidation of a carboxylate residue is catalyzed by UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A and 2B isoforms. Unstable AGs undergo intramolecular rearrangements as well as non-enzymatic and enzymatic hydrolysis. The instability and reactivity toward proteins have been well studied for a large number of AGs. Moreover, the half-life of AGs in neutral buffer is becoming a common marker for the prediction of toxicity caused by carboxylic acid-containing drugs in the screening of new chemical entities; however, the underlying mechanisms of the toxicity are not elucidated. Recently, an immunostimulation assay has been proposed for the assessment of the toxicological potential of AGs, which may have a better predictability compared with half-life and peptide adduct assays. In addition to in vitro studies, studies in model animals indicate the in vivo toxicological potential of AGs and help understand the mechanisms of the AG toxicity.