Expulsion of Hymenolepis nana from mice with congenital deficiencies of IgE production or of mast cell development

The roles of IgE and mast cells on expulsion of adult Hymenolepis nana from the intestine were examined in mice. IgE-dependency was determined by comparing congenitally IgE-deficient SJA/9 and IgE-producing SJL/J mice infected with 50 H. nana eggs. Anti-H. nana IgE antibody was detected at three weeks post infection (p.i.) in SJL but not in SJA mice. The number of adult worms in the intestines of SJA and of SJL mice were similar at two weeks, but significantly more were found in SJA mice at three weeks p.i. Treatment of mice with anti-ɛ antibody also resulted in an increased worm burden at three weeks, suggesting participation of IgE in expulsion of H. nana. Intestinal mastocytosis was induced by infection regardless of the IgE status of the mice. Mast cell-dependency was tested in mast cell-deficient W/W^u and in normal littermate +/+ mice infected with 100 H. nana eggs. Anti-H. nana antibody was detected in both groups of mice at three weeks p.i. Worm expulsion seemed to be mast cell dependent because expulsion was less complete in W/W^u mice at three weeks p.i. Peripheral blood eosinophilia was comparable at three weeks p.i. in both IgE and mast cell sufficient and deficient mice. These results suggest that IgE and mast cells participate in the expulsion of H. nana adults from intestine in mice.     

褐藻小粘膜藻中的溴酚化合物

目的 :对褐藻小粘膜藻进行化学成分研究。方法 :利用正相硅胶柱色谱 ,SephadexLH 2 0柱色谱、反相HPLC及重结晶等分离手段和IR ,MS及NMR等结构鉴定方法。结果 :从小粘膜藻中分离鉴定了 6个溴酚类化合物 ,分别为 2 ,2′ ,3,3′ 四溴 4 ,4′,5 ,5′ 四羟基二苯甲烷 (1) ,2 ,2′,3 三溴 3′ ,4 ,4′ ,5 四羟基 6′ 乙氧甲基二苯甲烷 (2 ) ,2 ,3 二溴 4 ,5 二羟基苯甲醇 (3) ,2 ,3 二溴 4 ,5 二羟基苯甲基甲醚 (4) ,3 溴 4 羟基苯甲酸 (5 )及 2 溴 4 ,5 二羟基苯甲醛 (6 )。结论 :这些化合物均为首次从该属海藻中发现。     

Anticestodal Activity of Trifolium repens. Extract

ABSTRACT

Trifolium repens. L. is an herbal plant that is used in the folk medicine of the Naga tribes of India as a deworming remedy. This study deals with evaluating its anticestodal activity using experimental Hymenolepis diminuta. Rudolphi infections in albino rats. Doses of T. repens. aerial shoots extract 200 and 500?mg/kg reduced the mean fecal egg counts of H. diminuta. by 47.72% and 54.59% and worm recovery rate by 60.00% and 40.00%, respectively. Praziquantel, the standard cestocidal drug, reduced the mean fecal egg count by 65.90% and worm recovery rate by 26.67%. The study suggests that the aerial shoots of T. repens. bear anticestodal properties and supports its use in the traditional medicine system.     

野生树鼩肠道蠕虫感染调查及分析

目的调查野生树鼩(Tupaia belangeri Chinensis)感染肠道蠕虫的主要种类并进行鉴定,为今后树鼩寄生虫检测提供形态学参考,为实验树鼩寄生虫控制提供依据。方法采集203只野外来源的树鼩新鲜粪便,虫卵采用常规粪便直接涂片以及孵化后显微镜观察;绦虫采用压片、固定染色,以及线虫经透明后体视镜观察,虫卵与成虫相对应鉴定。结果野生树鼩肠道蠕虫的总感染率为75.86%,主要感染种类有3种,经鉴定为长膜壳绦虫、奇口线虫和粪类圆线虫,感染率分别为27.67%,30.06%和51.52%。三种蠕虫的混合感染率为4.55%。两种线虫虫卵在树鼩粪便中多为含胚胎形态。结论野生树鼩肠道蠕虫的感染率较高。对野外引入的新种源必须隔离检疫,进行针对性的药物治疗,才能有效地控制肠道寄生虫病的传播。     

微小膜壳绦虫感染对ICR小鼠小肠LY6A(Sca-1)及IFN-γ、STAT1表达的影响

目的 探讨微小膜壳绦虫感染ICR小鼠小肠组织中LY6A及IFN-γ、STAT1的表达情况。方法 采集微小膜壳绦虫成虫标本并收集虫卵制作悬液。将ICR小鼠随机分为对照组和实验组,实验组以定量1 000个/只虫卵灌胃感染,于感染后第2 d和第8 d按照编号处死小鼠获取小肠组织。采用HE染色进行小肠组织病理学观察,RT-PCR技术检测LY6A、IFN-γ和STAT1的mRNA相对表达量,免疫组织化学技术检测小肠中LY6A蛋白阳性细胞的表达,并用PRM技术对LY6A蛋白和STAT1蛋白进行相对丰度定量。结果 HE染色结果显示感染后第8 d在肠腔内发现成虫节片,并且虫体寄生处出现急性炎症反应。RT-PCR检测显示感染第2 d实验组LY6A(t=12.57,P<0.001)和STAT1(t=12.13,P<0.001)的mRNA相对表达量低于对照组,而IFN-γ的mRNA相对表达量高于对照组(t=7.78,P<0.01);感染后第8 d实验组LY6A(t=10.01,P<0.001)和STAT1(t=11.19,P<0.001)的mRNA相对表达量高于对照组;而IFN-γ的mRNA相对表达量低于对照组(t=26.47,P<0.001)。免疫组化结果显示感染后第2 d实验组LY6A阳性细胞百分比高于对照组(t=4.26,P<0.01),感染后第8 d实验组LY6A蛋白阳性细胞百分比高于对照组(t=8.18,P<0.001)。PRM检测结果显示感染后第2 d实验组LY6A蛋白相对表达量低于对照组(t=6.55,P<0.05),实验组STAT1蛋白与对照组相比无统计学差异,感染后第8 d实验组LY6A蛋白(t=4.95,P<0.05)和STAT1(t=2.91,P<0.05)蛋白的相对表达量均高于对照组。结论 微小膜壳绦虫感染ICR小鼠小肠后LY6A(Sca-1)的mRNA水平和蛋白水平在幼虫侵入早期呈低表达,成虫期呈高表达;IFN-γ对LY6A的表达不起主导作用,而STAT1可能对LY6A(Sca-1)的表达起诱导作用。     

阿苯达唑、氟苯达唑和甲苯达唑对微小膜壳绦虫作用的形态学和组织化学的观察

应用形态学及组织化学方法，观察比较阿苯达唑、氟苯达唑和甲苯达唑对微小膜壳绦虫的杀虫作用机理。实验结果表明，阿苯达唑与氟苯达唑作用机理相同，均使虫体破坏，对糖代谢有明显干扰作用，对酸性磷酸酶、碱性磷酸酶活性无变化，甲苯达唑无上述作用。     

长膜壳绦虫卵和短膜壳绦虫卵透射电镜观察

用透射电镜观察两种膜壳绦虫卵,长膜壳绦虫卵自外向内观察到的结构是卵壳外层、卵壳内层、透明层、膜状结构层、胚膜外层、胚膜内层、六钩蚴膜。最内为六钩蚴,六钩蚴主要分为六蚴区和腺样组织区。短膜壳绦虫卵基本结构与上述相似,自外向内包括菲薄的卵壳、膜状结构层、透明层、胚膜,最内为六钩蚴,亦分六钩区和腺样组织区,但六钩蚴的小钩两者结构不一致。     

Alteration of the rat cecal microbiome during colonization with the helminth Hymenolepis diminuta

The microbiome is now widely recognized as being important in health and disease, and makes up a substantial subset of the biome within the ecosystem of the vertebrate body. At the same time, multicellular, eukaryotic organisms such as helminths are being recognized as an important component of the biome that shaped the evolution of our genes. The absence of these macroscopic organisms during the early development and life of humans in Western culture probably leads to a wide range of human immunological diseases. However, the interaction between the microbiome and macroscopic components of the biome remains poorly characterized. In this study, the microbiome of the cecum in rats colonized for 2 generations with the small intestinal helminth Hymenolepis diminuta was evaluated. The introduction of this benign helminth, which is of considerable therapeutic interest, led to several changes in the cecal microbiome. Most of the changes were within the Firmicutes phylum, involved about 20% of the total bacteria, and generally entailed a shift from Bacilli to Clostridia species in the presence of the helminth. The results point toward ecological relationships between various components of the biome, with the observed shifts in the microbiome suggesting potential mechanisms by which this helminth might exert therapeutic effects.     

Hymenolepis diminuta a rare zoonotic infection report of a case

Hymenolepis diminuta a rare zoonotic tapeworm infection is reported in a young child coming from pure vegetarian family.     

Anthelmintic activity of benzimidazole derivatives against Toxocara canis second-stage larvae and Hymenolepis nana adults

The anthelmintic activity of 11 benzimidazole derivatives (A1-A11) and 2 thioureides N,N′-disubstituted (B1-B2) was determined. Each compound and albendazole was tested in vitro against Toxocara canis larvae and in vivo against Hymenolepis nana adult. Compounds A1-A6 and B1-B2 were designed as albendazole prodrugs. Compounds A8-A11 were designed as direct analogues of A7, which had previously proved to be an effective agent against Fasciola hepatica. Results of the in vitro screening showed that A6 was more active than albendazole at 0.18 μM (relative mobility 40% and 80%, respectively). Whereas that the in vivo evaluation against H. nana, compounds A7-A11 demonstrated significant activity in terms of removing cestode adults in the range of 88-97%, displaying better efficacy than albendazole (83%).