至阳八阵穴隔附子饼灸治疗糖尿病胃轻瘫临床研究

目的观察至阳八阵穴隔附子饼灸治疗脾胃气虚型糖尿病胃轻瘫的疗效及对胃泌素(GAS)、胃动素(MTL)和血管活性肠肽(VIP)水平的影响。方法86例脾胃气虚型糖尿病胃轻瘫患者随机分为对照组和治疗组,每组43例。治疗组给予至阳八阵穴隔附子饼灸;对照组口服枸橼酸莫沙必利片。治疗12周后观察胃轻瘫主要症状指数量表症状积分改善情况、胃排空率及血清GAS、MTL、VIP水平。结果治疗组治疗后在胃轻瘫主要症状指数量表症状积分及胃排空率方面明显高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗组治疗后血清GAS、MTL水平明显高于对照组,血清VIP水平明显低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗组总有效率为90.7%,明显高于对照组的72.1%(P<0.05)。结论采用至阳八阵穴隔附子饼灸能快速促进糖尿病胃轻瘫患者胃功能的恢复,改善症状和体征,其作用机制可能与升高患者血清GAS和MTL水平,降低VIP水平有关。     

Rapid improvement in post-infectious gastroparesis symptoms with mirtazapine

We report the case of a 34-year-old woman with severe post-infectious gastroparesis who was transferred from an outside medical facility for a second opinion regarding management.This patient had no prior history of gastrointestinal symptoms.However,in the aftermath of a viral illness,she developed two months of intractable nausea,vomiting,and oral intake intolerance that resulted in numerous hospitalizations for dehydration and electrolyte disturbances.A solid-phase gastric emptying scan had confirmed delayed emptying,confirming gastroparesis.Unfortunately,conventional pro-kinetic agents and numerous anti-emetic drugs provided little or no relief of the patient’s symptoms.At our institution,the patient experienced a cessation of vomiting,reported a significant reduction in nausea,and toler-ated oral intake shortly after taking mirtazapine.Based on mirtazapine’s primary action as a serotonin(5-HT)1a receptor agonist,we infer that this receptor system mediated the clinical improvement through a combination of peripheral and central neural mechanisms.This report highlights the potential utility of 5-HT1a agonists in the management of nausea and vomiting.We conclude that mirtazapine may be effective in treating symptoms associated with non-diabetic gastroparesis that are refractory to conventional therapies.     

Satiety testing： Ready for the clinic？

Drink tests are advocated as an inexpensive, nonivasive technique to assess gastric function in patients with a variety of upper digestive symptoms. Many patients with dyspeptic complaints will achieve satiation or develop symptoms at ingested volumes below those typically required to achieve these endpoints in controls. Substantial variation in test performance exists and a greater degree of standardization is required. Additionally, it remains unclear exactly what drink tests measure as correlations with measures of gastric sensation, accomodation and emptying are modest at best. Finally, results of drink tests do not guide therpay. At present, these tests are best reserved for research studies and are not advocated for use in clinical practice.     

血糖变化对糖尿病大鼠胃排空功能与胃促生长素表达的影响

目的研究血糖变化对糖尿病大鼠胃排空功能与胃组织胃促生长素（ghrelin）表达的影响，探讨不同病期糖尿病胃排空延迟与胃促生长素表达的关系。方法60只Wistar大鼠随机分为正常对照组（NC组）、糖尿病组（DM组）和胰岛素干预组（INS组）。腹腔注射链脲佐菌素（sTz）制备糖尿病大鼠模型，分别于给药后1和4周用酚红灌胃法检测胃排空；用免疫组化、半定量RT-PCR技术检测大鼠胃组织胃促生长素及其mRNA表达。结果注射STZ1周后，DM组大鼠的胃排空率、胃促生长素积分吸光度及mRNA表达均明显低于NC组和INS组（P〈0．05）。注射STZ4周后，DM组与INS组大鼠的体质量、胃排空率、胃促生长素积分吸光度均明显低于NC组，而胃促生长素mRNA的表达则高于NC组；DM组与INS组之间差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论短期血糖升高可能通过抑制胃组织胃促生长素表达参与胃排空延迟的发生；而长期高血糖可能通过促进胃促生长素的表达和释放来增加摄食、维持能量平衡。     

2型糖尿病胃轻瘫脾胃亏虚证患者实施中药治疗的效果分析

目的分析2型糖尿病胃轻瘫脾胃亏虚证实施中药治疗的临床疗效。方法研究对象选择该院2018年1—12月收治的68例2型糖尿病胃轻瘫脾胃亏虚证患者,将其划分为观察组和对照组,每组34例。对照组选择常规基础治疗结合莫沙必利片口服治疗,观察组则采用基础治疗配合中药汤剂治疗。比较两组患者治疗后的临床症状改善情况来判定疗效。结果该次研究结果表明,观察组的临床疗效达到了94.1%,而对照组的临床疗效只有79.4%,数据差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论2型糖尿病胃轻瘫脾胃亏虚证患者实施中药治疗能够保障患者胃动力恢复正常,且在不影响血糖水平的前提下有效改善临床症状。     

Comprehensive assessment of gastric emptying with a stable isotope breath test

Background The [¹³C]‐Spirulina platensis gastric emptying breath test (GEBT) with five samples is accurate relative to scintigraphy. This study was primarily designed to further validate this GEBT using a slightly different process for incorporating [¹³C] in Spirulina and to evaluate the utility of additional samples for assessing early gastric emptying. Methods After a 223 kcal, test meal labeled with ^99mTc and [¹³C]‐S. platensis, scintigraphic images, and five breath samples (45, 90, 120, 180, and 240 min, GEBT5) were collected in 14 controls (Part A). In Part B, nine breath samples were collected at 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, and 240 min (GEBT9) in 30 subjects (15 controls, 15 dyspepsia). Using correlation between [¹³C] breath excretion and scintigraphic emptying, lag time (t₁₀, time for 10% emptying), emptying at 30 min (GE₃₀), and half time (t₅₀) were estimated for GEBT5 (Parts A and B) and GEBT9 (Part B). Key Results Half time values for scintigraphy, GEBT5, and GEBT9 were highly concordant. t₁₀ by GEBT9 (90%CI, 6–15 min) was more strongly correlated [CCC 0.80 (95% CI, 0.63–0.90)] with scintigraphy (90% CI, 5–12 min), than GEBT5 [10–19 min, CCC 0.73 (95% CI, 0.54–0.85)]. The correlation between estimated values (GEBT9) and linearly interpolated values (GEBT5) was closer at 60 [CCC 0.95 (95% CI, 0.91–0.97)] than 30 min [CCC 0.81 (95% CI, 0.71–0.89)]. Conclusions & Inferences The [¹³C]‐S. platensis GEBT can accurately measure GE. While 5‐ and 9‐samples are equally accurate for measuring t₅₀, GEBT9 provides a more comprehensive assessment of early GE (t₁₀ and GE₃₀).     

不同阶段糖尿病胃运动障碍诊治对策

糖尿病患者常见胃运动障碍,表现为上腹胀、早饱、上腹不适、恶心、呕吐等症状以及胃排空延迟,胃排空延迟影响降血糖药的药代动力学,造成餐后血糖升高与降血糖药或胰岛素的血浓度高峰不匹配,进而影响血糖的控制与稳定。糖尿病不同阶段胃运动障碍表现形式不同。核素法是最常用的胃排空诊断方法。糖尿病胃运动障碍的处理包括饮食调节、促动力药以减轻症状、控制血糖,针对胃轻瘫的治疗包括胃电刺激、内镜下幽门注射肉毒杆菌毒素A、内镜下放置鼻胃空肠营养管或经皮内镜下胃（空肠）造瘘、外科手术等。