Fabricating fixed partial dentures using existing restorations

A technique has been described for utilizing an existing fixed splint in the fabrication of a fixed partial denture to replace splinted teeth that are extracted.     

Immunologic mechanisms in hypersensitivity pneumonitis: I. Evidence for cell-mediated immunity and complement fixation in pigeon breeders' disease

Immunologic studies were performed on 5 patients with pigeon breeders' disease. Intradermal injection of pigeon serum produced an immediate wheal-and-flare reaction within 15 minutes and a secondary Arthus-type reaction within 4 to 8 hours. Immunofluorescent studies of the secondary reaction site showed IgG, C3, and C4 in 2 patients. Patients' sera produced multiple precipitin bands with pigeon serum when reacted by double diffusion in gel. IgG antibody isolated from each of the patients' serum formed precipitating immune complexes that fixed large amounts of complement (C4) when added to fresh human serum. Peripheral blood lymphocytes from 4 of the 5 patients produced macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) when challenged with dilute pigeon serum. These studies are the first to show complement fixing antibodies and macrophage MIF production by lymphocytes from patients with hypersensitivity lung disease and suggest that both humoral and cellular immunity may be important in the pathogenesis of these disorders.     

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??Abstract: Objective    To evaluate the influence of risk factors on prognosis by using probing depth and attachment loss  for chronic periodontitis. Methods    A total of 459 patients were selected from January 2006 to June 2012. Two hundred and four cases were male and two hundred and fifty-five were female?? among whom the age range was from 25 to 75 years and the mean age was 42.65 years. These patients were assessed and divided by self-development risk factors assessment software into five groups??in which the severity of risk factors from group one to five was in ascending deterioration order. Three months later periodontal examination were taken after all patients accepted periodontal initial therapy?? that is??detecting indication was pocket depth??PD?? and attachment loss??AL?? of mesial buccal?? buccal?? distal buccal and lingual of all teeth. The prognosis of periodontitis was evaluated by comparing the periodontal index of the first?? second?? and the third year to baseline. Results    Comparing the periodontal index on the different times after initial therapy to baseline?? periodontitis improved obviously on the third month??P??0.05??. Under the influence of risk factors periodontitis was deteriorated gradually?? apparently in the third year??P??0.05??. Similarly comparing the PD and AL among five risk groups on the third year?? there was a significant statistical difference??P??0.05?? between Risk1?? Risk2 and other three groups. By the same way Risk5 got the significant statistical difference compared to other four groups?? therefore we could divide the risk factor into three levels ??which were low level?? middle level?? and high level. Conclusions    ??1??In this study?? all risk factors are analyzed and the patients’ risk level are obtained quickly and accurately by risk factors assessment software?? which can help the doctor to make the right judgment of prognosis and help the patients to understand the influence of risk factors. ??2??Risk factors play an important role and can predict the prognosis in the development of periodontal disease effectively. The impact of risk factors on periodontal disease occur in the third year?? and this phenomenon should attract attention of doctors and patients.