精神病患者家属的心理分析及护理

作者采用询问交谈的方法对精神病患者家属的心理状态进行了调查分析，大多数精神病患者家属存在着焦虑、急躁、自卑、厌恶、矛盾、无能为力等心理。同时，针对性地提出了以安慰、鼓励、心理启发、支持为主的护理方法和措施。     

脊柱结核术后家庭健康教育体会

目的：脊柱结核术后患者家庭教育,提高患者依从性,预防结核复发。方法通过对193名脊柱结核术后患者出院后1、3、6、12、24月定期进行电话随访,加强健康宣教。结果193名患者术后依从性好,病情恢复良好。结论脊柱结核术后患者家庭健康宣教,有效提高疗效,预防疾病复发。     

Traverser l’institution de soins au temps fragile de l’adolescence

By exposing on the institutional level the sufferings of his present, the adolescent talks to us about his history, the damaged, destroyed or uninhabited links which mark out his life trajectory and arise in this “meantime” of his existence in so many painful shards in the internal world of his psyche and in the body. During their journey through the care institution, we work with these adolescents and their families, in this space-time, on what could help to reduce the internal breaking lines so that they can again start moving their subjective capacities to think and act in the world. Our work ethic is based on the specific capacity of each institutional actor to deploy his/her containing psychic envelopes around young patients; symbolized deployment of the containing function by the time to think about the care for the caregiver, the time to consent to it in a safe way for the adolescent, then for the latter the time once again acceptable to explore the field of possibilities.     

Experiences of Children with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder and Their Families: A Critical Review

Evidence suggests that children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) experience challenges across many areas of their daily lives and often require interprofessional supports. Recent studies have emphasized the need for an integrated system of care for children with FASD, incorporating medical, allied health, and education services, to facilitate open communication and support for the complex needs that many children experience. To develop such a system of care, it is important to first understand the impact of FASD on children’s functioning during daily activities in different environmental contexts. A critical review of existing research was conducted using a critical interpretive synthesis approach. Results revealed that while many studies discussed impacts at the body functions and structures level of children with FASD, they often did not consider the activity, participation, and environmental factors also contributing to the daily functioning of this population. Several studies discussed caregiver experiences and challenges raising a child with FASD; however, no studies investigated the lived experiences relating to impacts across activities and environments from children’s perspectives. In addition, the focus on deficits overshadowed investigation into the strengths of children with FASD, leaving a gap in the picture of their daily lives. Further research is required to determine the strengths that children with FASD demonstrate and the challenges impacting their daily functioning within different environmental contexts. Insights gleaned from such research would support intervention practices to become more holistic and interprofessional.     

血液透析患者家属心理特点及护理干预

目的探讨维持性血液透析患者家属焦虑的特点及心理干预。方法采用一般情况问卷,症状自评量表(SCL-90)对64例血液透析患者家属进行干预前、干预1个月后测试。采用WJZ心理测验与统计软件分析。结果干预前64例家属的SCL-90的阳性症状均分为躯体化、抑郁、焦虑3项因子高于常模(P<0.01);干预前后SCL-90测试结果比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论血液透析患者的家属大部分存在心理问题,心理干预可以纠正其负性心理。     

The implementation of families first in The Netherlands: a one year follow-up

This study examined whether the American family preservation program Families First was successfully implemented in the Netherlands. Data were collected on 250 children of 177 families who received Families First. At the start of treatment 78% of the children appeared to have serious behavioral problems, 67% of the parents experienced a high level of parental stress, and 63% of the children went through a substantial number of life events during the year preceding the treatment. On average the treatments had the intended duration (about 4 weeks), intensity (about 10 hours a week) and availability (during working hours as well as in evenings and in weekends), and family workers did adhere to important guidelines of treatment delivery. One year after treatment 76% of the children were still living at home. Moreover, children's behavioral problems, parental stress and the number of life events turned out to be significantly decreased. It was concluded that Families First had reached its intended target group, delivered the treatment as intended, and achieved its intended outcomes, suggesting a successful implementation in the Netherlands.     

A synthesis of welfare reform policy and its impact on substance users

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to provide an overview of welfare reform and its impact on the substance-abusing recipient. Methods: The data for this paper were derived from sources including the US Department of Health and Human Services and the National Institute on Drug Abuse. Results: The number of individuals on public assistance has decreased in the years following implementation of welfare reform legislation. Factors relevant to transitioning welfare recipients into the workplace, such as transportation and childcare, have special ramifications for the drug-using population. Additionally, these individuals require treatment for their addictions in order to become employable. The issue of concern is that recipients may be deterred from seeking benefits by various provisions of welfare reform legislation and turn instead to other sources (including illicit activities) for sustenance. Conclusions: Welfare caseloads have been dropping over the past two years. However, the number of substance abusers continues to rise. It is not known in what ways welfare reform will affect substance abusers who are welfare recipients. Important policy issues arise from this nexus; it is argued that these issues will require careful investigation.     

Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus epidemiology: HLA genotype study in 12 north eastern Italian families with two siblings affected by type I diabetes

The purpose of our study was to evaluate the relationship between the histocompatibility antigens and type 1 diabetes mellitus in families living in the north-eastern part of Italy. In each family two siblings were affected by diabetes.HLA-antigens were determined with the lymphocytotoxicity test, utilizing antisera of the series A-B-C-DR.The phenotypic frequencies were compared with those observed in controls.We showed that diabetes has a strong association with HLA DR 3 and/or DR 4 antigens.In particular we registered high frequency of compound heterozygous DR 3 — DR 4 subjects, and this fact supports the hypothesis of the existence of two different genes for diabetes associated with these HLA antigens.Moreover we observed a particular haplotype segregation with a very high percentage of HLA identity between patients belonging to the same family, confirming the association between HLA and genetic susceptibility to insulin dependent diabetes. These results confirm data in the literature and, completed by other data from other patients' families living in our area, will be useful in providing reliable genetic counselling.