中药洗剂治疗四肢开放性感染

1987年7月-2003年10月应用中药洗剂治疗四肢开放性感染1363例，该洗剂具有清热解毒、凉血止血、温经通络、活血消肿等功效，是用于治疗四肢外伤开放性感染创面有脓性分泌物或肉芽组织牛长不新鲜的有效方剂。     

皮肤软组织扩张术在四肢的应用

目的　应用皮肤软组织扩张术修复四肢的瘢痕、黑痣、文身等病损。方法　应用皮肤软组织扩张术 ,将扩张器置入四肢处且在与病损相邻的正常皮肤下 ,扩张后修复病损 5 2例。术中采用的扩张器大小及数量依病损面积而定 ,按每修复 1cm× 1cm缺损需扩张器容量 5ml计算。扩张后皮瓣的设计以横向滑行推进为主 ,少设计异位皮瓣 ,以防皮瓣血运障碍。纤维包膜尽量剥除 ,尤其位于基底部的纤维环 ,妨碍皮瓣向前推进 ,应将其切开、剥除。结果　本组 5 2例 ,其中 2 5例将病损完全切除 ,余 2 7例有部分病损遗留 ,但均无继发畸形。术后 6～ 12个月随访 12例患者 ,切口瘢痕轻度增生 ,效果满意。结论　在四肢上有可供扩张的正常皮肤时 ,扩张术仍然是修复四肢病损切除后创面的较好的方法。     

Clinical outcome after surgery on schwannomas in the extremities

BACKGROUND Schwannoma is a benign, encapsulated and slowly growing tumor originating from Schwann cells and is rarely seen in the peripheral nerve system. Typical symptoms are soreness, radiating pain and sensory loss combined with a soft tissue mass.AIM To evaluate pre-and postoperative symptoms in patients operated for schwannomas in the extremities and investigate the rate of malignant transformation.METHODS In this single center retrospective study design, all patients who had surgery for a benign schwannoma in the extremities from May 1997 to January 2018 were included. The location of the tumor in the extremities was divided into five groups; forearm, arm, shoulder, thigh and leg including foot. The locations of the tumor in the nerves were also categorized as either; proximal, distal, minor or major nerve. During the pre-and postoperative clinical evaluation, symptoms were classified as paresthesia, local pain, radiating pain, swelling, impairment of mobility/strength and asymptomatic tumors that were found incidentally(with magnetic resonance imaging). The patients were evaluated after surgery using the following categories: Asymptomatic or symptomatic patients(radiating and/or local pain) and those with complications. The follow up period was from the time of surgery until last examination of the particular physician. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify independent prognostic factors for postoperative significant symptoms at follow-up.RESULTS We identified 858 cases from the institutional pathology register. We excluded cases with duplicate diagnoses(n = 407), pathology not including schwannomas(n = 157), lesions involving the torso, spine and neck(n = 150) leaving 144 patients for further analysis. In this group 99 patients underwent surgery and there were five complications recorded: 2 infections(treated with antibiotics) and 3 nerve palsies(2 involving the radial nerve and one involving the median nerve) that recovered spontaneously. At the end of follow-up, 1.4 mo(range 0.5-76) postoperatively, we recorded a post-operative decrease in clinical symptoms: Local pain 76%(6/25), radiating pain 97%(2/45), swelling 20%(8/10). Symptoms of paresthesia increased by 2.8%(37/36) and there was no change in motor weakness before and after surgery 1%(1/1). Multivariate analysis showed that tumors located within minor nerves had a significantly higher prevalence of postoperative symptoms compared with tumors in major nerves(odds ratio: 2.63; confidence intervals: 1.22-6.42, P = 0.029). One patient with schwannoma diagnosed by needle biopsy was diagnosed to have malignant transformation diagnosed in the surgically removed tumor. No local recurrences were reported.CONCLUSION Surgery of schwannomas can be conducted with low risk of postoperative complications, acceptable decrease in clinical symptoms and risk of malignant transformation is low.     

Temporary strecker stent for management of acute dissection in popliteal and crural arteries

Stent placement is a widely used bail-out treatment for dissection of peripheral arteries. Below the level of the superficial femoral artery permanent stenting is complicated by a high incidence of subacute thrombosis and restenosis. We present two cases of arterial occlusion due to acute iatrogenic dissection of the popliteal and distal fibular arteries. Successful treatment was achieved with a new bail-out procedure. Strecker stents were implanted to seal off the dissection flap. Stents were retrieved easily after 24 hr using a myocardial biopsy forceps. After stent retrieval the temporarily stented segments were patent and showed a larger lumen compared with segments treated by balloon dilatation alone. Temporary stenting is a simple and safe procedure and offers the advantage of tacking up dissection membranes and preventing recoil. Persistent presence of a metallic implant as a source of continued injury and stimulus for intimal proliferation is avoided.     

Management of severe musculoskeletal trauma following a dog mauling attack in a nonagenarian

Dog bites are increasingly common injuries and pose a significant public health concern. We present a case of a 92-year-old woman who sustained severe musculoskeletal trauma to the bilateral upper and lower extremities following a mauling attack by her two pet Boston Terriers. Patterns of injury and risk factors for dog bite-related injuries, as well as important clinical considerations in the medical and surgical management of dog bite injuries are discussed.     

X线平片与多层螺旋CT在四肢骨关节骨折中的诊断价值

目的探讨X线平片与多层螺旋CT(MSCT)后处理技术在诊断四肢骨关节骨折中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析我院就诊治疗的62例四肢骨关节骨折患者的临床资料进行回顾性整理分析,以手术诊断为标准,总结不同检查方法对四肢骨关节骨折的诊断正确性,分析不同骨关节骨折在不同影像学检查中的图像特征。结果整理临床病例资料可知,X线平片和MSCT后技术处理检查对四肢骨关节骨折检出率分别为83.87%和96.77%,比较差异间无统计学意义(P>0.05),但MSCT后技术处理对四肢骨关节骨折的诊断符合率显著高于X线平片检查,比较差异间具有统计学意义(P<0.05);由资料可知,经X线平片检查符合诊断48例,其余14例显示为可疑及未见异常但是实际上存在着隐匿性骨折,而X线检查中,多数均表现为骨皮质不连续,呈现中断。由于X线平片检查中对于髋臼、髌骨、踝关节后踝、肱骨内上髁、第4、5掌骨基底部中细小骨折线因影像的重叠未能明显显示,故易发生误诊,而在MSCT后处理技术检查中,行MSCT扫描后,再经MPR SSD VRT多方面重建,其中MPR轴位可明显见掌骨基底存在细小骨折线,且对于肱骨内上髁游离的细小骨碎片也可清晰显示。结论 MSCT后处理技术诊断四肢骨关节骨折的正确符合率更高,对于实际在但未能明显表现的隐匿性骨折、骨折部位、位置以及与周围组织关系更能清晰立体的显现,进而更有利于临床医生进行观察和诊断。     

股前外侧穿支皮瓣桥接旋髂浅动脉蒂组织瓣组合移植修复四肢骨与软组织缺损

目的 探讨股前外侧穿支皮瓣桥接旋髂浅动脉蒂组织瓣组合移植修复四肢骨与软组织缺损的应用特点.方法 回顾性分析2009年3月至2011年1月,用股前外侧穿支皮瓣制备血流桥接皮瓣串联旋髂浅动脉为蒂的髂骨骨皮瓣、髂骨膜骨瓣或皮瓣修复10例四肢骨与软组织缺损患者资料,男9例,女1例;年龄21～57岁,平均39.7岁;血流桥接髂骨骨皮瓣7例,髂骨膜骨瓣2例,髂腹股沟皮瓣1例;重建手3例,足4例,小腿3例;平均皮肤缺损面积20 cm×9.7 cm.结果 股前外侧穿支皮瓣平均17.8 cm×9.4 cm,髂腹股沟皮瓣平均8.4 cm×4.5 cm,髂骨膜骨瓣平均5.4 cm×2.1 cm×0.8 cm,血管桥平均长10.5 cm.1例髂骨骨皮瓣远端部分坏死,经换药后植皮愈合,余皮瓣顺利成活.10例患者均获得6～36个月(平均12个月)随访.手损伤者平均骨愈合时间3个月,平均臂肩手残疾问卷评分43分;足损伤者平均骨愈合时间4个月,日本外科协会足部疾患治疗效果评分平均71.3分;小腿损伤者平均骨愈合时间4.5个月,Puno等评分平均91分.供区瘢痕颜色白、平软,6例大腿瘢痕增宽,2例瘢痕周围有麻木感,3例髂腹股沟区瘢痕增宽.结论 股前外侧穿支皮瓣桥接旋髂浅动脉蒂组织瓣移植可自由调整组织瓣位置,供区副损伤小,是修复大面积、结构复杂或类型特殊四肢骨与软组织缺损的一种较好方法.     

股前外侧Flow-through皮瓣修复四肢Gustilo Ⅲc损伤的临床研究

目的 探讨Flow-through皮瓣修复四肢GustiloⅢC型损伤的临床疗效. 方法 2008年6月至2011年6月,一期或择期采用股前外侧Flow-through皮瓣修复重建四肢GustiloⅢC损伤患者16例,年龄18 ～62岁(平均37.5岁),受伤至进行皮瓣手术的时间为5 h～ 16 d(平均6.7d),血管缺损长度为6一16 cm(平均12 cm).前臂外伤患者4例,下肢外伤患者12例,所有患者均存在严重软组织缺损及节段性血管缺损,肢体存在循环障碍.4例患者一期手术修复,12例患者一期清创负压吸引敷料覆盖1周或数周后,二期行游离皮瓣手术. 结果 术后1例出现创面感染,1例患者术后1d出现血管危象,2例皮瓣边缘局部坏死,皮瓣供区未见并发症.所有患者皮瓣均成活.16例患者全部获得随访,随访时间12 ～40个月(平均22个月),末次随访时皮瓣血运好,质地柔软,弹性好.术后下肢Johner-Wruhs评分的优良率83.3％,上肢功能Berton评分的优良率75.0％. 结论 Flow-through皮瓣能够不牺牲主干血管,同时实现重建血管、覆盖创面的目的,尤其适用于受伤肢体仅存1支主干血管的病例,重建效果满意,术后功能良好.     

四肢多发骨折并发胸腔积液的危险因素分析

目的:探讨四肢骨折合并胸腔积液的危险因素,为预防胸腔积液的发生提供参考。方法：自2010年1月至2019年12月采用手术治疗的137例四肢多发骨折患者,男102例,女35例,年龄16~92（48.34±15.85）岁。四肢多发骨折定义为全身有两处以上的四肢骨折,所有入选患者术前具有完整的临床,影像及实验室检查资料,包括术前胸部CT,性别,年龄,体质量指数（body mass index,BMI）,红细胞压积（hematocrit,HCT）,美国麻醉医师协会（American Society of Anesthesiologists,ASA）分级,创伤严重度评分（injury severity score,ISS）,吸烟史,手术史,糖尿病史,高血压史,入院至手术时间,骨折部位,血小板计数,白蛋白,C-反应蛋白和D-二聚体等因素。记录患者是否合并胸腔积液,计算胸腔积液量,并对相关危险因素进行统计学分析。结果：四肢骨折均接受了手术治疗,术后患者切口愈合良好,无伤口感染和急性肺损伤或急性呼吸窘迫综合征等并发症出现。通过多因素回归分析示：ISS>16分（P=0.000）、吸烟史（P=0.001）和肋骨骨折（P=0.000）是四肢多发骨折合并胸腔积液的危险因素。多因素线性回归分析显示：吸烟史,ISS及肋骨骨折是四肢多发骨折胸腔积液量增多的危险因素。结论：四肢多发骨折合并胸腔积液与ISS、吸烟史以及肋骨骨折相关;胸腔积液量与吸烟史、ISS及肋骨骨折有关。对ISS>16分,有吸烟史或合并肋骨骨折的多发骨折患者应提高警惕,尽早干预,降低合并胸腔积液量的风险。     

显微外科技术联合置管负压引流技术治疗四肢挤轧逆行撕脱伤的临床研究

目的探讨应用显微外科技术联合置管负压引流技术治疗四肢挤轧逆行撕脱伤的临床效果。方法2016年1月-2019年7月,对20例四肢挤轧逆行撕脱伤采用显微外科技术联合置管负压引流技术进行治疗。结果术后15例撕脱组织完全成活,5例撕脱皮肤近心端小部分坏死(其中3例Ⅱ期植皮愈合,2例结痂愈合)。随访3~12个月,患手外形好,血供充分,皮肤质地柔软。结论应用显微外科技术联合置管负压引流技术治疗四肢挤轧逆行撕脱伤,既能Ⅰ期固定骨折、缝合肌肉肌腱后应用显微外科技术吻接血管、神经,又能通过持续负压引流有效清除渗液,减少毒素再吸收;还可缩小创面,消灭死腔;同时还能改善局部血液循环,减轻或消除水肿,促进肉芽组织生长,加快创面愈合;提高撕脱组织的成活率,减少血管危象的发生;降低四肢挤轧逆行撕脱伤的坏死及伤残率,减少多次手术的痛苦;减轻患者经济负担。是治疗四肢挤轧逆行撕脱伤的好方法。