Therapeutic attitude towards internal mammary chain drainage in patients with breast cancer

Internal mammary chain (IMC) is one of the main local lymph drainages in breast cancer. However, internal mammary chain sentinel lymph node biopsy (IMC-SLNB) is not always performed.The purpose of this research is to evaluate the outcomes of IMC-SLNB in our institution from 2008 to 2014. We analyzed 1346 women with breast cancer. Six-hundred twenty-two sentinel node biopsies were carried out, one out of ten in IMC territory. Adjuvant radiotherapy in this area was added when positive.IMC-SLNB is feasible, it may change tumour stage, modify adjuvant therapy and change prognosis in selected patients.     

Correlation of PD-L1 Expression with Tumor Mutation Burden and Gene Signatures for Prognosis in Early-Stage Squamous Cell Lung Carcinoma

Objectives

Anti–programmed cell death 1 (PD-1)/programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) immunotherapy has demonstrated success in the treatment of advanced NSCLC. Recently, PD-1/PD-L1 blockade also has demonstrated interesting results in small trials of neoadjuvant treatment in stage IB to IIIA NSCLC. In addition, several clinical trials using anti–PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy as an adjuvant or neoadjuvant treatment in patients with resectable stage NSCLC are ongoing. However, few analyses of anti–PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy–related biomarkers in early-stage squamous cell lung carcinoma (SqCLC) have been reported. In this study, we evaluated PD-L1 protein expression, tumor mutation burden, and expression of an immune gene signature in early-stage SqCLC, providing data for identifying the potential role for patients with anti–PD-1/PD-L1 treatment in early-stage SqCLC.

Prognostic Value of p27, p53, and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Dukes A and B Colon Cancer Patients Undergoing Potentially Curative Surgery

PURPOSE Early-stage colon cancer patients (Dukes A or B; pT1–T3 pNO pMO) are excluded from adjuvant chemotherapy following potentially curative surgery because they are expected to have good long-term survival. However, 20 percent to 30 percent of these patients ultimately succumb from recurrent disease. This indicates that the conventional staging procedures may be unable to precisely predict cancer prognosis.METHODS In 65 early-stage colon cancers, we investigated by immunohistochemistry the role of molecular markers such as p27, p53, and vascular endothelial growth factor in identifying high-risk patients who may benefit from adjuvant treatments.RESULTS No clinicopathologic factor, namely Dukes stage, t parameter, number of resected nodes, and vascular or lymphatic invasion, was found be an independent significant predictor of disease-specific and disease-free survival. In contrast, each molecular marker predicted survival and recurrence rates much better than the conventional Dukes staging system. The best combination of variables for prediction of long-term outcome and recurrence rate included p27, p53, and vascular endothelial growth factor. Interestingly, the greater the number of molecular alterations, the lower the five-year estimated survival function. Nearly all cancer-related deaths were observed among patients whose colon cancers expressed all three molecular alterations. Regardless of Dukes stage, the recurrence rate was found to increase with the increase in the number of molecular alterations. Early-stage colon cancers expressing p27 down-regulation and high p53 and vascular endothelial growth factor immunoreactivity showed a 100 percent actuarial four-year recurrence rate.CONCLUSIONS Assessment of molecular alterations may be useful to identify a higher-risk group of early-stage colon cancer patients who may benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy.     

内镜黏膜下剥离术治疗SiewertⅡ型胃食管交界早期癌及癌前病变的临床分析

目的 探讨内镜黏膜下剥离术（endoscopic submucosal resection,ESD）治疗胃食管交界早期癌及癌前病变的安全性和有效性。方法 回顾性分析2012年7月—2019年6月间在北京大学第一医院内镜中心接受ESD治疗的67例SiewertⅡ型胃食管交界早期癌及癌前病变患者资料,对病变的临床病理特征、整块切除率、完全切除率、治愈性切除率、并发症发生率进行统计分析,并对可能影响治愈性切除的因素进行分析。结果 67例病变中隆起型病变5例,浅表型病变59例,凹陷型病变3例。病变中位直径1.6(1.8)cm,中位手术时间60.0(56.0)min。整块切除率97.0%（65/67）,完全切除率91.0%（61/67）,治愈性切除率82.1%（55/67）。肿瘤最大径（OR=8.457,95%CI：1.227~58.302,P=0.030）及病理类型（OR=15.133,95%CI：1.518~150.870,P=0.021）与非治愈性切除相关。3例（4.5%）患者发生ESD相关并发症,1例术后迟发出血,内镜下止血后好转;2例术后瘢痕狭窄,内镜引导下探条扩张后好转。58例随访患者中1例垂直切缘阳性且未接受后续治疗的患者出现复发;1例患者随访中发现异时性早期胃癌,再次ESD切除。结论 ESD治疗胃食管交界早期癌及癌前病变安全有效,操作前应对病变大小、边界、浸润深度进行准确评判,制定适宜的治疗方式及手术策略。     

MCI患者早期面孔知觉加工N170效应与翻转效应

目的探讨轻度认知障碍患者早期面孔知觉加工过程中N170效应与N170翻转效应。方法采用配伍组设计从潍坊潍柴社区退休职工中选取受试对象,刺激程序使用stim2软件编写,采用美国Neuroscan公司脑电信号采集记录仪记录脑电后进行离线分析并用SPSS18.0进行统计学分析。结果①MCI组与对照组均产生了明显的颞枕区分布的面孔特异性成分N170,且MCI组非靶刺激诱发的N170波幅比对照组降低(P<0.001),潜伏期延长(P<0.05)。②MCI组和正常老年人均产生N170效应(Nd170)以及N170翻转效应。结论 MCI患者存在早期面孔知觉加工障碍,可能发生在面孔基本分类水平,而结构信息的早期加工尚保持正常。     

Asymptomatic pancreatic lesions: New insights and clinical implications

Despite great efforts in experimental and clinical research, the prognosis of pancreatic cancer (PC) has not changed significantly for decades. Detection of pre-invasive lesions or early-stage PC with small resectable cancers in asymptomatic individuals remains one of the most promising approaches to substantially improve the overall outcome of PC. Therefore, screening programs have been proposed to identify curable lesions especially in individuals with a familial or genetic predisposition for PC. In this regard, Canto et al recently contributed an important article comparing computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and endoscopic ultrasound for the screening of 216 asymptomatic high-risk individuals (HRI). Pancreatic lesions were detected in 92 of 216 asymptomatic HRI (42.6%). The high diagnostic yield in this study raises several questions that need to be answered of which two will be discussed in detail in this commentary: First: which imaging test should be performed? Second and most importantly: what are we doing with incidentally detected pancreatic lesions? Which ones can be observed and which ones need to be resected?     

The significance of systematic lymph node dissection in surgery for early-stage non-small cell lung cancer patients aged ≤40 years

BackgroundSurgery remains the best option for treating early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and lymph node dissection (LND) is an important step in this approach. However, the extent of LND in the general age population, especially in young patients, is controversial. This retrospective study aimed to investigate the correlation between systematic lymph node dissection (SLND) and prognosis in young (≤40 years) patients with stage IA NSCLC.MethodsClinicopathological data of 191 patients aged ≤40 years who underwent surgical pulmonary resection for stage IA NSCLC between January 2010 and December 2016 were retrospectively collected. Of the patients, 104 received SLND (SLND group), while the other 87 patients underwent sampling or no LND (non-SLND group). The disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) curves of the patients from each group were plotted using the Kaplan-Meier method, and the correlations of the patients’ clinical factors with prognosis were also analyzed.ResultsThe median follow-up period was 55 months. During follow-up, 7 patients died, and recurrence or metastasis was detected in 16 patients. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed no difference in DFS (P=0.132) between the SLND and non-SLND group, but a significant difference was found between the groups in OS (P=0.022). Additionally, there was no statistically pronounced difference in OS or DFS between male and female patients. Multivariate survival analysis showed that the type of SLND, as well as tumor size, is an independent prognostic factor for DFS (HR, 3.530; 95% CI, 1.120–11.119; P=0.031) and OS (HR, 13.076; 95% CI, 1.209–141.443; P=0.034).ConclusionsFor young (age ≤40) stage IA NSCLC patients with pathological invasive adenocarcinoma, intraoperative SLND can improve the DFS and OS. Further studies are needed to verify the most optimal degree of LND in young patients.     

全腔镜肺叶切除与开胸肺叶切除治疗早期肺癌的初步体会

【摘要】〓目的〓通过两种术式的比较,评价完全胸腔镜下肺叶切除治疗早期肺癌临床疗效。方法〓回顾分析性分析2012年9月至2013年05月我科行全腔镜下肺叶切除35例术前分期为pT1N0-1M0肺癌患者的资料(VATS组),全组病例均采用全腔镜四孔法完成手术。选取同期行常规开胸手术35例术前分期pT1N0-1M0肺癌患者的临床资料作为对照。比较两组之间手术时间,术中出血量,术后拔管时间,淋巴结清扫数目,术后疼痛,术后并发症发生率,术后住院时间等指标。结果〓无围手术期死亡,VATS组1例患者中转开胸。VATS组患者的术中出血量、引流时间、术后疼痛时间以及住院时间均明显低于常规开胸组患者(P<0.05);VATS组的手术时间、淋巴结清扫数与对照组的差异无统计学意义。结论〓全腔镜肺叶切除治疗早期肺癌安全可行,临床疗效满意。