Surface topography of enamel and dentine from primary teeth following infrared Nd-YAG laser irradiation: An in vitro study

Data on the effects of laser radiation on primary teeth are scarce. This study investigates the effects of exposing sound enamel, photo-initiated sound enamel, sound dentine and carious dentine of extracted primary teeth to a pulsed neodymium-yttrium aluminium garnet laser (Nd-YAG, wavelength 1.06 μm, pulse length 15μs). Each type of tissue was exposed to three fiuences. Qualitative and quantitative assessments of the irradiated areas revealed that the most marked changes were produced in carious dentine, followed in ranking order by sound dentine, photo-initiated enamel and sound enamel. Evidence of thermal damage to the hard tissues peripheral to the fibre-optic tip, and considerable inter-sample variation were found. The experimental evidence obtained in this in vitro study does not support the clinical use of pulsed laser at 1.06 μm wavelength for cutting primary enamel and dentine.     

Fabricating fixed partial dentures using existing restorations

A technique has been described for utilizing an existing fixed splint in the fabrication of a fixed partial denture to replace splinted teeth that are extracted.     

Equine herpesvirus type 1 infected cell polypeptides: evidence for immediate early/early/late regulation of viral gene expression

EHV-1 polypeptide synthesis was examined in productively infected rabbit kidney and hamster embryo cells. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) analyses of extracts from [35S]methionine- and 3H-amino acid-labeled-infected and mock-infected cultures revealed the presence of 30 infected cell-specific polypeptides (ICPs) which ranged in apparent molecular weights from 16.5K to 213K. Twenty-two of these ICPs comigrated with virion structural proteins. Four ICPs (203K, 176K, 151K, 129K) were detected in extracts of infected cultures labeled in the presence or absence of actinomycin D (Act D) immediately after release from a 4-hr treatment with cycloheximide (CH). These polypeptides, which were designated as EHV-1 immediate early (alpha) ICPs, were not detected in unblocked (non-CH-treated) infected cells. The most abundant ICP was a 31.5K nonstructural protein which, in addition to a 74K protein, was detected in unblocked infected cells at 2-3 hr postinfection. These proteins appeared to be regulated as early (beta) ICPs, since neither protein was observed in Act D-treated cultures released from CH block. Twelve ICPs were classified as late (gamma) polypeptides on the basis of their reduced synthesis in cultures in which viral DNA replication was inhibited by phosphonoacetic acid. All but one (40K) of these late ICPs corresponded to virion structural proteins.     

Innovation in the time of SARS-CoV-2: A collaborative journey between NHS clinicians,engineers, academics and industry

During the pandemic healthcare faced great pressure on the availability of protective equipment. This paper describes the entire novel innovative process of design optimisation, production and deployment of face-visors to NHS frontline workers during SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. The described innovative journey spans collaboration between clinicians and academic colleagues for design to the implementation with industry partners of a face-visor for use in a healthcare setting. It identifies the enablers and barriers to development along with the strategies employed to produce a certified reusable, adjustable, high volume and locally produced face-visor. The article also explores aspects of value, scalability, spread and sustainability all of which are essential features of innovation.