ELISA检测襄虫病人血清循环抗原及其在疗效考核方面的应用

用快速双抗体夹心ＥＬＩＳＡ检测囊虫病人血清中的循环抗原，其阳性率为６７．５％；正常人血有的假阳性率为５．３３％；包虫、肝吸虫和弓形虫病人血清的交叉反应率分别为６．９％、７．５％和１２．５％。结果表明．该法与常规双抗体夹心ＥＬＩＳＡ相比具有较为敏感、快速、稳定和节省血清、试剂用量的优点，但其特异性有待进一步提高。用快速双抗体夹心ＥＬＩＳＡ和间接型ＥＬＩＳＡ检测第１至１０疗程囊虫病人血清中的循环抗原和抗体，表明检测循环抗原考核囊虫病人的治疗效果优于检测抗体     

间接血凝试验血滴纸片法诊断囊虫病的实验研究

本文对１２３例囊虫病人，３０例正常人，１９３例精神病患者和４５０例其他病人进行了间接血凝试验血滴纸片法检查，１２３例囊虫病人阳性率为９６．７％；３０例正常人的阳性率为３．３％。这表明接血凝试验血滴纸片法的敏感性和特异性很高。     

Neurocysticercosis in Persons with Epilepsy in Medellín,Colombia

Summary: Purpose: A prospective series of 643 persons with epilepsy attending a reference neurologic center in Medellin, Colombia, was examined by computed tomography (CT scan) or serology or both with the enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot assay (EITB) to assess the prevalence of Taenia solium cysticercosis. Methods: All presenting patients were consecutively enrolled in the study. Five hundred forty-six persons underwent cerebral CT scans; 376 of them also had serum EITB performed. Results: Prevalence of neurocys@ercosis by CT scan was 13.92%. Overall prevalence of T. solium antibodies with EITB was 9.82%, but for those with late-onset epilepsy (onset after age 30 years), prevalence increased to 17.5% and 19% for those who originated from outside urban Medellin. Seroprevalence in individuals with mixed lesions (cysts and calcifications) was 88.2% and 64.10% in those with live cysts. Conversely, only 2.72% of persons with CT findings not related to neurocysticercosis had positive EITB tests. Conclusions: Our study shows that an important proportion of individuals with epilepsy have radiologic or serologic evidence of T. solium infection, suggesting that neurocysticercosis is an important etiology for epilepsy in Colombia.     

槟榔与白胡椒对猪囊尾蚴形态学改变的影响

目的　观察研究中药槟榔、白胡椒对体外培养的猪囊尾蚴形态学改变的影响。方法　取经槟榔、白胡椒药液作用不同时间的囊尾蚴进行大体形态及扫描电镜观察。结果　经槟榔、白胡椒分别作用 3 0min ,1h后所有虫体蠕动均停止。槟榔、白胡椒对囊尾蚴分别作用 2 0min ,40min ,虫体表面开始出现部分剥蚀区 ,且随时间延长 ,其剥蚀区增大。结论　两种药物作用于囊尾蚴的效果均好 ,可以作为人或猪囊虫病的治疗药物     

NEUROCYSTICERCOSIS IN CHILDREN PRESENTING WITH AFEBRILE SEIZURE: CLINICAL PROFILE,IMAGING AND SERODIAGNOSIS

Neurocysticercosis (NCC) is one of the major causes of childhood seizures in developing countries including India and Latin America. In this study neurological pediatric cases presenting with afebrile seizures were screened for anti-Cysticercus antibodies (IgG) in their sera in order to estimate the possible burden of cysticercal etiology. The study included a total of 61 pediatric afebrile seizure subjects (aged one to 15 years old); there was a male predominance. All the sera were tested using a pre-evaluated commercially procured IgG-ELISA kit (UB-Magiwell Cysticercosis Kit ^™). Anti-Cysticercus antibody in serum was positive in 23 of 61 (37.7%) cases. The majority of cases with a positive ELISA test presented with generalized seizure (52.17%), followed by complex partial seizure (26.08%), and simple partial seizure (21.73%). Headaches were the major complaint (73.91%). Other presentations were vomiting (47.82%), pallor (34.78%), altered sensorium (26.08%), and muscle weakness (13.04%). There was one hemiparesis case diagnosed to be NCC. In this study one child without any significant findings on imaging was also found to be positive by serology. There was a statistically significant association found between the cases with multiple lesions on the brain and the ELISA-positivity (p = 0.017). Overall positivity of the ELISA showed a potential cysticercal etiology. Hence, neurocysticercosis should be suspected in every child presenting with afebrile seizure especially with a radio-imaging supportive diagnosis in tropical developing countries or areas endemic for taeniasis/cysticercosis.     

广西中枢神经系统疾病患者囊虫感染调查及流行病学分析

目的了解广西壮族自治区中枢神经系统（CNS）疾病患者中脑囊虫感染状况，分析其流行特征。方法用ELISA法检测2000-2008年来自治区疾控中心就诊的CNS疾病患者的囊虫特异性抗体，并对抗体阳性患者进行囊虫病流行病学分析。结果2736例CNS疾病患者血清和／或脑脊液中囊虫特异性抗体阳性者403人，阳性率为14．73％。阳性者分布于全自治区55个县（市、区），大多集中在广西南部的南宁市及周边的贵港、武呜、宾阳、横县等市县，在阳性者的构成比中，农村高于城市，男性多于女性，成人多于青少年，农民多于其他职业者；2000年以后检出的囊虫抗体阳性率整体呈逐渐下降的趋势．但流行的区域却逐渐扩大，尤其在交通、经济落后，环境卫生较差的边远山区。结论脑囊虫感染是引起广西人群CNS疾病的一个重要原因之一，在重点地区特定人群中开展囊虫病防治，是减少CNS疾病发生的重要手段。因此．今后在全自治区，尤其在边远山区仍需加强囊虫病防治工作。     

我国带绦虫病和囊尾蚴病防治现状与挑战

WHO关于2021—2030年被忽视的热带病防控路线图将疾病控制目标分成4个层级,分别是控制、作为公共卫生问题被消除、消除和根除。带绦虫病和囊尾蚴病被列为需要控制的疾病。总体上,我国带绦虫病和囊尾蚴病人群感染率呈低水平,流行程度呈明显地区和人群分布差异,但消除带绦虫病和囊尾蚴病面临诸多挑战。在以往防控工作的基础上,还需在“全健康”理念下建立完整的带绦虫病和囊尾蚴病监测体系、更新带绦虫病和囊尾蚴病诊断标准、确立国家级治疗标准、提升跨学科和跨部门交流协作能力。     

猪囊尾蚴特异循环免疫复合物致病作用的研究

本文对脑型和混合型猪囊尾蚴病患者脑脊液（ＣＳＦ）中特异循环免疫复合物（ＣＩＣ）进行了检测，其结果与患者ＣＴ表现及吡喹酮治疗第一个疗程过程中患者出现的高颅压情况存在一定联系。人工免疫复合物（ＩＣ）对ＢＡＬＢ／ｃ鼠作用后进行病理检查，发现脑实质和肾脏小血管均出现充血现象．部分小血管内皮细胞遭到破坏。因此认为特异循环免疫复合物可能是脑型、混合型猪囊尾蚴病患者在第一疗程中出现高颅压反应的主要因素之一。     

52例囊虫性脑小脓肿的病理观察

对52例因癫痫发作就诊,CT检查在脑内发现小脓肿的病例,手术切除标本进行了寄生虫学检查,证实为脑囊虫病患者。取脓肿壁作病理切片,病理检查发现5例囊虫仍存活并伸出头节,16例囊虫虽死亡但虫体尚完整,14例在切片中查见了虫体成分。结果表明病变组织的坏死和炎症反应以完整死虫组最显著;至囊虫残破炎症逐渐缓和,增生性变化渐占优势,脓肿腔缩小;有3例硬结纤维化;钙质沉积罕见。对脑内囊虫性小脓肿的形成以及病变与CT影像之间的相关性进行了讨论。     

猪囊尾蚴抗原cC1与γ-干扰素融合蛋白在大肠杆菌中的表达

目的： 构建含猪囊尾蚴抗原ｃ Ｃ１ ｃ Ｄ Ｎ Ａ 与猪γ 干扰素（ Ｉ Ｆ Ｎ γ） 的融合表达载体。方法： 从已克隆的含人猪囊尾蚴共通抗原ｃ Ｃ１ 的质粒中, 用 Ｐ Ｃ Ｒ 方法扩增出含酶切位点及接头的ｃ Ｃ１ 和 Ｉ Ｆ Ｎ γｃ Ｄ Ｎ Ａ, 两ｃ Ｄ Ｎ Ａ 经接头融合后构建成融合形式的原核表达载体转入大肠杆菌 Ｘ Ｌ Ｂｌｕｅ。结果： 经酶切分析, 表明重组载体中含１５ｋｂ 插入片段。 Ｓ Ｄ Ｓ Ｐ Ａ Ｇ Ｅ 显示一５２ ｋ Ｄａ 的诱导产物。结论： 猪 Ｉ Ｆ Ｎ γ和猪囊尾蚴抗原ｃ Ｃ１ 融合ｃ Ｄ Ｎ Ａ 在大肠杆菌中获得表达。