The effect of short or long sleep duration on quality of life and depression: an internet-based survey in Japan

BackgroundTo date, no previous studies have evaluated the relationship between sleep duration and quality of life (QOL) or depression in the general population after controlling for daytime sleepiness and sleep disturbances.MethodsA web-based cross-sectional survey was conducted with 8698 subjects aged 20–69 years. We examined the relationships between weekday sleep duration and daytime sleepiness, sleep disturbance, QOL and depression, using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (without the item for sleep duration), 8-item Short Form and Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D).ResultsDaytime sleepiness tended to increase in proportion to shorter weekday sleep durations. Sleep disturbances, physical and mental QOL, and CES-D scores were worse in both the shorter and longer sleep groups compared with the group with 7–8 h of sleep. Hierarchical logistic regression analyses revealed that short sleep duration but not long sleep duration was significantly associated with reduction of both physical and mental QOL, even after controlling for the presence of daytime sleepiness and sleep disturbance. Both short and long sleep duration were independently and significantly correlated with depression after controlling for daytime sleepiness; however, there was no statistically significant association after adjusting for the effects of sleep disturbance.ConclusionsThe results suggested adverse effects of short sleep but not long sleep on both physical and mental QOL. In addition, the negative impact of specific types of sleep disturbance on depression may be greater than the impact of shortening of sleep duration.     

Sleep time and sleep-related symptoms across two generations – results of the community-based RHINE and RHINESSA studies

Study objectivesTo analyze the association between sleep-related symptoms and sleep length in parents and their children in relation to other risk factors in both generations.MethodThe participants were parents (n = 5,855, age 54.3 ± 6.5 years, 45.2% men) who participated in the community-based Respiratory Health in Northern Europe (RHINE) study and one random member of their adult offspring (n = 5,855, age 30.2 ± 7.7 years, 41.5% men) who participated in the Respiratory Health in Northern Europe, Spain and Australia (RHINESSA) study. Both generations responded to identical questionnaires on sleep symptoms, including difficulty initiating sleep (DIS), difficulty maintaining sleep (DMS), early morning awakening (EMA), snoring, nocturnal sweating, nocturnal gastroesophageal reflux (nGER), sleep time and excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS). Insomnia was defined as either, or both, DIS and DMS in combination with EDS.ResultsAll sleep variables except nocturnal sweating were more common in offspring whose parents had reported the same symptom. After adjusting for age, gender, BMI, smoking, physical activity, education, center and parents' total number of children, there were independent associations between sleep symptoms in parents and offspring for DIS (adj. OR, 95% CI: 1.52, 1.20–1.93), DMS (1.34, 1.15–1.56), snoring (1.45, 1.15,1.83), nGER (1.65, 1.15–2.37), insomnia (1.39, 1.13–1.73), short sleep time (<6 h/night) (2.51, 1.72–3.68) and EDS (1.48, 1.26,1.72). There were no independent relationships between symptoms in parents and offspring for EMA, nocturnal sweating or long sleep time (>9 h/night).ConclusionThe familiar aggregation of many sleep disturbances was not explained by investigated lifestyle and environmental factors. This supports a heritable factor in sleep problems.     

外科重症病人脑电双频指数指导靶控输注咪达唑仑的镇静效果

目的评价外科重症监护病房(SICU)病人脑电双频指数(BIS)指导靶控输注(TCI)咪达唑仑的镇静效果。方法SICU病人30例,随机分为3组(n=10):A组采用恒速输注咪达唑仑0．06 mg·kg-1·h-1镇静;B组采用咪达唑仑TCI镇静,初始血浆靶浓度为60 ng/ml;C组在BIS指导下咪达唑仑TCI镇静,初始血浆靶浓度为60 ng／ml。每30 min采用Ramsay镇静评分评估镇静深度,若Ramsay镇静评分小于或大于4分,则A组输注速率增加或减少0．02 mg·kg-1·h-1,B组血浆靶浓度增加或减少20 ng／ml。C组若BIS大于或小于70,则血浆靶浓度增加或减少20 ng／ml。B、C组均随机抽取30份2 ml动脉血样,测定咪达唑仑血药浓度,用偏离性和精密度评价TCI系统的性能。结果咪达唑仑TCI系统的偏离性为12．5％,精密度为22．5％。咪达唑仑实测血药浓度与Ramsay镇静评分的相关系数为0．67(P<0．05)。镇静过程中C组Ramsay镇静评分4分所占比例(54％)高于A组(28％)和B组(40％)(P<0．01)。结论咪达唑仑TCI系统的性能可靠,用于SICU病人以BIS为70调控咪达唑仑TCI,可产生良好的镇静效果。     

GROWTH DISTURBANCES ASSOCIATED WITH UNTREATED BENIGN BONE CYSTS

Background: The occurrence of benign bone cysts adjacent to an active physis may be associated with a physeal arrest. That arrest may result from physeal penetration of the cysts itself, secondary pathologic fracture or the result of surgical curettage. Methods : The pre-treatment X-rays of patients attending the Bone Tumor Clinic at the Children's Hospital and Medical Center were reviewed. Those patients presenting with a bone cyst were identified and the affected side was compared to the normal side in order to determine growth discrepancies. Results: Three cases of benign bone cysts are presented that were located adjacent to a growing physis and produced growth disturbance in the absence of surgical intervention. Conclusions: The risk of growth disturbance in itself should not be a contraindication to surgical intervention.     

十二指肠乳头括约肌切开胆总管取石术前静注咪唑安定对麻醉及手术效果的影响

目的　探讨在十二指肠乳头括约肌切开 (EST)胆总管取石术前静注咪唑安定的可行性及价值。方法　将 71例拟行 EST胆总管取石患者随机分为咪唑安定组 (试验组 ) 5 1例和对照组 (2 0例 ) ,两组术前均给予 6 5 4 -2 (10 mg)静脉注射 ,试验组同时静脉注射咪唑安定 (3～ 5 mg)。观察两组患者的进镜时间、麻醉程度 ,患者的反应与配合程度、自身感受程度 ,同时监测患者的血压、心率、血氧饱和度。结果　试验组进镜时间缩短、镇静程度适中、患者自身感受好 ,与对照组比较 ,差异有显著性 (P<0 .0 1) ;患者心血管及呼吸参数无明显变化。结论　EST胆总管取石术前静脉注射咪唑安定可提高麻醉效果 ,有利于提高患者配合的依从性 ,对血压、心率、血氧饱和度无明显影响     

中药结合心理干预治疗不安障碍40例

[目的]探索不安障碍治疗的有效途径。[方法]采用中药结合心理干预治疗不安障碍患者40例。[结果]显效31例(77·5%)、有效7例(17·5%)无效2例(5·0%)。SDS、CMI有显著性差异。[结论]中药结合心理干预治疗不安障碍疗效显著。     

SNAP指数监测瑞芬太尼-异丙酚麻醉患者镇静深度的可行性

目的 探讨SNAP指数（SI）监测异丙酚一瑞芬太尼麻醉患者镇静深度的可行性。方法 40例择期全麻手术男性患者，ASA Ⅰ或Ⅱ级，年龄18～60岁，体重指数20～30kg／m^22，随机分为R0、R2、R4、R6组，每组10例。R0组麻醉诱导时靶控输注（TCI）0．9％生理盐水，R2、R4、R6组分别以效应室靶浓度2、4、6n/MLTCI瑞芬太尼，输注10min时开始TCI异丙酚，异丙酚初始效应室靶浓度均为1．5μg／ml，每4min增加0．5μg／ml，改良警觉／镇静（OAA／S）评分为1分时给予强直刺激，记录在临床目标（改良OAA／S评分为1分、睫毛反射消失、对强直刺激反应消失）出现时SI、脑电双频谱指数（BIS）、异丙酚效应室靶浓度（Ct）、异丙酚效应室浓度（Ce），并对SI与改良OAMS评分、BIS、Ct、Ce进行直线相关分析。结果 SI与改良OAA／S评分、BIS呈正相关，SI与Ct（除外R4组）及Ce（除外R2组）呈负相关；四组睫毛反射消失时SI差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）；与R0组比较，对强直刺激反应消失时其它三组SI升高，Ct及Ce降低（P〈0．05）。结论 SI可用于瑞芬太尼-异丙酚麻醉患者镇静深度的监测。     

肾移植术后并发大腿感觉功能障碍(附28例报告)

目的 提高对肾移植术后并发大腿感觉功能障碍的认识水平。方法 对179例肾移植术后患者进行问诊和大腿皮肤针刺检查。结果 179例中发现28例存在手术侧大腿感觉功能障碍。其中78例移植肾动脉与髂内动脉吻合的患者中有11例，分别为大腿前面7例、外侧面2例、前面和外侧面2例：101例移植肾动脉与髂外动脉吻合的患者中有17例，分别为大腿前面13例、外侧面1例、前面和外侧面3例。除1例为持续性感觉功能障碍外，其余27例均在术后半年内自愈。结论 肾移植术后出现手术侧大腿皮肤感觉功能障碍是较常见的并发症。肾移植术前应告知患者可能出现这种并发症。