从缺血再灌大鼠皮层6-酮-前列腺素F1α/血栓素B2及血管内皮生长因子动态变化初探脑梗死络损机制

目的:从局灶缺血再灌大鼠皮层6-酮-前列腺素F1α(6-Keto-prostaglandin F1α,6-Keto-PGF1α)/血栓素B2(thromboxane B2,TXB2)、血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)动态变化,初步探讨脑梗死络损机制。方法:线栓法制备大鼠大脑中动脉脑缺血再灌注模型;用放射免疫法检测不同时间点患侧皮层6-Keto-PGF1α、TXB2含量及二者比值的变化;用免疫组织化学方法检测VEGF相关表达。结果:同假手术组比较,模型组6-Keto-PGF1α先呈下降趋势,于3h降至最低(P<0.05),随后上升,并于24h达到高峰(P<0.05);TXB2呈上升趋势,于24h达到高峰(P<0.01);二者比值呈下降趋势,且于3h最低(P<0.01);VEGF表达呈上升趋势,并于24h达到高峰(P<0.01)。结论:6-Keto-PGF1α/TXB2平衡失调是脑缺血损害的重要环节,VEGF参与缺血性脑损伤的病理发展和修复过程,以二者动态病理改变为代表的微循环灌流障碍可体现脑梗死络损机制。     

论络病与温病营血证

就温病营血证与络病关系进行探讨,认为络脉是外感温热之邪深入营血的主要途径,络脉病变是温病营血证的病理基础,“通”络的治则贯穿于温病营血证的治疗中,营血证即是温病后期极期外感温热之邪深入脏腑阴终的一种病理状态,其物质基础是络脉及络脉的病变。     

Angiographic estimates of myocardium at risk during acute myocardial infarction: validation study using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging.

AIMS: Global angiographic scores have been developed to determine the extent of myocardium jeopardized by significant coronary stenosis. We adapted these scores to quantify the anatomic area at risk during acute myocardial infarction. We used contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance (CMR) infarct imaging to measure the portion of myocardium that developed necrosis within the so defined angiographic area at risk. METHODS AND RESULTS: In 83 subjects presenting for primary percutaneous intervention, the myocardium at risk was estimated angiographically using the Myocardial Jeopardy Index (BARI) and a modified version of the Alberta Provincial Project for Outcome Assessment in Coronary Heart Disease (APPROACH) scores. CMR was performed within a week to measure infarct size, infarct endocardial surface area (infarct-ESA), and infarct transmurality. As infarct transmurality increased, the infarct size closely approximated the myocardium at risk by angiography. In 35 subjects with transmural infarcts, the area at risk by BARI and APPROACH scores matched the infarct size (r = 0.90 and r = 0.92, P < 0.001). Additionally, BARI and APPROACH scores matched the infarct-ESA in all subjects independently of collateral flow and time to reperfusion (r = 0.90 and r = 0.87, P < 0.001). The presence of early reperfusion, collaterals, or both was associated with a progressive decrease in infarct transmurality (P < 0.001 for trend) with no difference in the infarct-ESA. CONCLUSION: The myocardium at risk of infarction can be determined angiographically as validated in subjects with transmural myocardial infarcts. Salvage provided by early reperfusion or collaterals occurs by limiting infarct transmurality, thereby the extent of endocardial infarct involved also allows estimation of the myocardium at risk in patients presenting with STEMI.     

养心氏片从“玄府-络脉”理论辨治冠状动脉性心脏病的应用

玄府和络脉同为机体的微细结构,在气血津液运转方面发挥重要作用。玄府作为门户,有开阖之特性;络脉曲折蜿蜒,具通路之功能。玄府的开阖有序支撑人体气血宣通,津液布输,精神流转;络脉通畅维持气血津液,阴阳营卫的有序运行,二者共同运作源源不断为周身提供滋养。冠状动脉性心脏病属于中医学“胸痹”范畴,主要为玄府闭塞、络脉瘀阻所致。现分析养心氏片组方用药特色,结合现代药理研究,探讨其通过益气开玄、活络通脉治疗冠状动脉性心脏病的应用。     

糖尿病血管病变的中医病机理论诠释

文章就祝谌予老先生提出的瘀血阻络、痰浊不化与糖尿病血管病之间的关系进行阐发,认为在糖尿病及其并发症演变过程中,浊是最基本的病理产物,糖尿病患者机体内血液葡萄糖浓度过高,反映在中医理论中就是浊阴、浊气的转输、布散过程发生障碍,进入到脉道中的质地较为稠厚、富含高营养物质的水谷精微不能被正常输布、不能被机体有效地利用而留滞于脉道当中,成为浊邪。痰和瘀血在浊邪的基础上进一步生成和演化。糖尿病血管病变的中医学病理机制在于痰浊瘀血阻滞于经脉和络脉系统,这些有形之邪在脉道蓄积留滞的过程中不断沉积,导致脉壁增厚,管腔狭窄;同时,沉积物对脉壁进行刺激,对脉壁组织产生侵蚀、灼伤等病理作用,最终导致脉壁结构损伤。     

久病入络的再认识

探讨“络”的本质及与“久病入络”的关系,进一步认识“久病入络”理论在疾病发展及治疗中的价值。     

基于"络病学说"分析虫类药在肿瘤患者治疗中的应用

“络病学说”作为重要的中医基础病机之一,近年来被广泛应用于肿瘤类疾病的临床诊疗中,其对于肿瘤的发生发展以及转移等机制研究与治疗均有理论指导意义。“络病”在形态与功能上与现代医学中的肿瘤微血管、微循环概念相似;瘀阻络脉与肿瘤患者血液高凝状态类似,故运用“通络法”抗肿瘤具有充足的理论依据。虫类药是动物药的别称,作为通络药的代表,善于搜刮剔络,在肿瘤的防治中起到了活血化瘀通络、攻毒散结通络、搜风解毒通络以及补益培本通络等作用。通过梳理“络病学说”的起源、发展与成熟阶段的主要思想内涵,整理并总结现代肿瘤治疗中“络病学说”的相关研究与应用,并分析虫类药在通络法中的具体应用,以期为开展中医络病防治肿瘤的临床应用提供理论依据。     

王永炎院士从"络"辨治痹病学术思想举隅

以类风湿性关节炎为例,总结王永炎院士从"络"辨治痹病的学术思想.提出痹病(RA)是"新病入络"的代表病证;络脉的病理生理功能是"新病入络"的先决条件;"久病入络"是RA的病理转归;从RA的症状特点、病理生理特点提出痹病(RA)的病变渠道、治疗重点在于"病络".     

关于足三阴三阳经脉躯干部循行的思考

经络理论中有关经脉循行分布的文字记载,最早见于经脉学专著帛书《阴阳十一脉灸经》和《足臂十一脉灸经》,关于十二经脉外行部分的循行分布规律秉承了春秋战国时期的论著《灵枢.经脉》。而历代医书中对足三阴三阳经脉、尤其是足阳明胃经在躯干部循行规律却少有论述,文章从三维圆柱体的假说、"背为阳,腹为阴"、气血阴阳平衡的理论及"从阳引阴,从阴引阳"治疗原则等角度探讨其循行,旨在进一步剖析经络循行的真谛,使针灸经络学说更好地服务于临床。