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After injecting a horseradish peroxidase (HRP) solution into the vestibular apparatus in goldfish (Carassius auratus), cells in the medulla oblongata exhibited retrogradely transported HRP reaction product. These labeled cells were confined to 3 nuclei, i.e. the nucleus motorius tegmenti of Bartelmez (with the most prominent labeled cell groups), the ventral vestibular nucleus (Dieter's nucleus) and the medial vestibular nucleus. We consider these labeled cells to be the origin of the efferent innervation to the vestibular apparatus in goldfish. Neurons providing efferent innervation to the sensory periphery in the nucleus motorius tegmenti have, as yet, not been described. 相似文献
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Jason Nogic Paul Thein Sam Mirzaee Andrea Comella Kean Soon James D. Cameron Nick E.J. West Adam J. Brown 《Cardiovascular Revascularization Medicine》2019,20(10):865-870
Background/purposeBiodegradable-polymer (BP) and polymer-free (PF) drug eluting stents (DES) were developed to reduce the risk of delayed arterial healing observed with durable-polymer (DP) platforms. Although trials demonstrate BP-DES and PF-DES are non-inferior to DP-DES, there is limited data directly comparing these technologies. We performed a meta-analysis to assess the efficacy and safety of BP-DES versus PF-DES for the treatment of coronary artery disease.Methods/materialsElectronic searches were performed identifying randomized trials comparing BP-DES with PF-DES. Co-primary efficacy endpoints were target vessel revascularization (TVR), target lesion revascularization (TLR) and angiographic in-stent late lumen loss (LLL). Co-secondary safety endpoints were all-cause death, myocardial infarction (MI) and stent thrombosis (ST).ResultsOf 208 studies, 5 met inclusion criteria including 1975 patients. At mean follow-up (14 ± 5 months), BP-DES were associated with significantly reduced rates of TVR (OR 0.58, 95%CI 0.37–0.92, p = 0.02), TLR (4.7% vs 9.5%) (OR 0.48, 95%CI 0.31–0.75, p = 0.001) and in-stent LLL (pooled mean difference ?0.20 mm, 95%CI ?0.24 to ?0.16, p < 0.001). There was no difference in safety, including all-cause death (OR 1.24, 95%CI 0.68–2.28, p = 0.48), MI (OR 0.92, 95%CI 0.54–1.56, p = 0.75) or ST (OR 1.58, 95%CI 0.67–3.73, p = 0.30).ConclusionsThese data suggests that BP-DES are more efficacious when compared with PF-DES for the treatment of CAD. 相似文献
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I have discussed infection control in the context of a quality control system in a hospital. To date hospital "quality assurance" has been unfocused, retrospective, and CME related-an inappropriate response to such quality problems as inappropriate antibiotic usage, hospital related infection, and professional (malpractice) liability. I have suggested that the control paradigm (a concurrent signal leads to response system) may provide the approach needed to enhance the effectiveness of the whole hospital quality assurance effort. 相似文献
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The separation of aflatoxin B2a, and 2,3-dihydroxy-2,3-dihydro-aflatoxin B1 (AFB1-dhd) and the Tris complexes of these compouds by high-performance liquid chromatography are described. Examination of the metabolism of aflatoxin B1 by microsomes isolated from rat, mouse, guinea pig, and chicken livers has shown that the previously reported production of AFB2a was due to a misidentification of AFB1-dhd. The relative production of this metabolite by microsomes from the various species parallels their in vivo susceptibilities to acute aflatoxin B1 poisoning. AFB1-dhd is shown to be a potent inhibitor of protein synthesis in an in vitro system and this may be a mechanism relevant to the acutely toxic action of aflatoxin B1. 相似文献
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