内镜下胆道支架治疗恶性胆道梗阻临床观察与护理

目的:总结通过纤维十二指肠镜逆行胆胰管造影(ERCP)放置胆道内支架治疗晚期恶性胆道梗阻的临床观察和护理.方法:32例恶性梗阻性黄疸的患者,均行ERCP(经内镜逆行胰胆管造影)术,根据情况置人不同支架.结果:术后黄疸逐渐消退,皮肤瘙痒等症状消失或减轻.插管成功的30例患者血清总胆红素从(170.84±101.72)μmol/L下降到术后l周(105.42±82.44)μmol/L,发生并发症2例,其中急性胰腺炎1例,胆管炎l例,并发症发生率均为3.33％.结论:全部患者经过精心护理和健康教育,临床症状显著缓解,生存质量明显改善.     

ERCP对肝外胆管癌的诊断价值

目的对手术病理证实的３１例肝外胆管癌进行回顾性分析．方法３１例患者均行胰胆管造影，并和Ｂ超及ＣＴ检查进行对照．结果上段胆管癌１６例，下段胆管癌１３例，中上段胆管癌２例．１例为横纹肌肉瘤，２例为腺瘤癌变，其余均为腺癌．ＥＲＣＰ成功２８例（９０３％），Ｂ超诊断符合率为８０７％，而ＣＴ显示梗阻８５０％，能明确病因者仅７００％．结论ＥＲＣＰ在早期诊断肝外胆管癌方面明显优于Ｂ超及ＣＴ检查，并能清晰地显示胆道系统的全貌，对治疗及手术方案选择有重要价值．     

内镜介入治疗对慢性胰腺炎的临床疗效

目的探讨内镜介入治疗对慢性胰腺炎的临床疗效。方法29例慢性胰腺炎患者行内镜介入治疗。其中,21例胰管扩张者行胰管括约肌切开（EPS）;19例胰管有明显狭窄者置入胰管内支架（ERPD）;12例副胰管扩张者则行副乳头括约肌切开并行副胰管内支架置入;8例胰管结石者先行EPS后用探条扩张狭窄段,再用网篮或气囊取石,若取石困难则做ERPD;平均每个月电话随访一次,必要时复查逆行胰胆管造影（ERCP）。结果内镜介入治疗成功率86.21%（25/29）。术后1、6、12个月时腹痛完全缓解率分别为75.86%、65.52%、68.97%;消瘦、脂肪泻等症状均不同程度得到改善,2例患者分别于术后第5个月及第11个月出现支架阻塞予更换支架治疗。术后并发一过性高淀粉酶血症7例,急性胰腺炎2例,出血2例,无穿孔发生,无中转手术或死亡。结论内镜介入治疗具有安全、有效、创伤小的优点,在治疗慢性胰腺炎方面应有较好的应用前景。     

Hemobilia as the initial manifestation of cholangiocarcinoma in a hemophilia B patient

Hemobilia is a rare manifestation of hemophilia and is usually iatrogenic following liver biopsy. There are only few reports of spontaneous hemobilia in hemophilia patients. Cholangiocarcinoma is a well- established cause of hemobilia. We describe a case of a 70-year-old male, with known haemophilia B and a past history of papillotomy, who presented with classical symptoms of hemobilia. The initial diagnostic work-up failed to demonstrate a potential cause of bleeding other than the coagulopathy. Three months later, he was readmitted to our hospital with a second episode of hemobilia. During the second work-up, a cholangiocarcinoma was diagnosed both by imaging studies and by a significant elevation of cancer antigen 19-9. Although hemobilia could be attributed to hemophilia, especially in a patient with previous papillotomy, an underlying malignancy of the biliary tree should be suspected.     

Endoscopic ultrasound exploration of a choledochal cyst

A 41-year-old man presented with recurrent episodes of pancreatitis in association with a choledochal cyst. Endoscopic ultrasound contributed in making the diagnosis of choledochal cyst. It also revealed the presence of a long common channel, an anomaly involved in the genesis of this congenital malformation of the biliary tree.     

298例胆总管疾病B超与ERCP检查的对照分析

目的 探讨B超与逆行胰胆管造影(ERCP)综合分析对胆总管疾病的诊断价值。方法 298例胆总管疾病患者分别作B超、逆行胰胆管造影检查，并与手术、病理对照分析。结果 胆总管扩张绝大多数由结石引起(69．8％)，其次为炎性狭窄、肿瘤引致。对结石的准确诊断率ERCP高于B超，对胰腺肿瘤的诊断B超高于ERCP。结论 B超、ERCP联合检查能提高胆总管疾病诊断率。