木麻黄鞣质提取工艺的初步研究

目的：研究木麻黄鞣质的提取工艺,为其开发应用提供理论依据。方法：分别采用不同溶剂对木麻黄鞣质进行提取及纯化。结果：以60％丙酮为溶剂进行提取,以乙酸乙酯为溶剂进行纯化,鞣质纯度可达到75％左右,且重复性较好。结论：本提取工艺鞣质提取率及纯度均达到一定水平。     

Evaluation of biochemical effects of Casuarina equisetifolia extract on gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity and oxidative stress in rats. Phytochemical analysis

Nephrotoxicity is defined as renal dysfunction that arises as result of exposure to external agents such as drugs and environmental chemicals. The present work was undertaken to carry out the phytochemical study and nephroprotective activity of methanolic extract of Casuarina equisetifolia leaves in gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in Wistar rats. Flavonoids and phenolic acids were identified and quantified using high performance liquid chromatography. Subcutaneous injection of rats with gentamicin (80 mg/kg body weight/day) for six consecutive days induced marked acute renal toxicity, manifested by a significant increase in serum urea, creatinine and uric acid levels, along with a significant depletion of serum potassium level, compared to normal controls. Also oxidative stress was noticed in renal tissue as evidenced by a significant decrease in glutathione level, superoxide dismutase, glutathione-S-transferase activities, also a significant increase in malondialdehyde and nitric oxide levels when compared to control group. Administration of plant extract at a dose of 300 mg/kg once daily for 4 weeks restored normal renal functions and attenuated oxidative stress. In conclusion, Casuarina equisetifolia leaves extract ameliorates gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity and oxidative damage by scavenging oxygen free radicals, decreasing lipid peroxidation and improving intracellular antioxidant defense, thus extract may be used as nephroprotective agent.     

Pollinosis due to Australian pine (Casuarina): an aerobiologic and clinical study in southern Spain

An aerobiologic and clinical survey was conducted in Málaga, southern Spain, in order to determine fluctuations of Australian pine ( Casuarina ) pollen in the atmosphere of the city, and the prevalence of sensitivity in a nonatopic population. The aerobiologic survey, using a Burkard spore trap, was conducted from January 1991 to December 1994, and sensitization was ascertained by the skin prick test. The pollen season is relatively short and the pollen dispersion period occurs during October and November, mainly during the last 3 weeks of October. Diurnal patterns showed that the highest concentrations of pollen occur between 12 a.m. and 2 p.m., the most influential variables in its dispersion being temperature, sunshine, and rainfall. The prevalence of sensitization to Casuarina pollen was determined by skin prick test (SPT) in a nonatopic population of 210 patients with a previous history of autumn rhinitis, asthma, or rhinitis asthma. Six subjects showed a positive reaction to the pollen extracts, and the presence of specific IgE was demonstrated by the conventional radioallergosorbent test (RAST 2) in five of these patients with positive SPT.     

ROOT DEVELOPMENT IN PINUS PINASTER AND THE SEASONAL VARIATION OF ITS MYCORRHIZAE

SOME heavy and repeated mortality of seedlings in a second rotation plantation has proved to be due to a common pine bark beetle, Hylastes ater Payk. which is present in large numbers throughout the forest. Observations have shown both the beetle and the damage to be identical with occurrences in New Zealand.

The beetle lives and breeds in recently felled material, and aften clear-felling its numbers increase very greatly. Serious damage to seedlings has resulted only in cases where the debris has been burned. New crops have been successfully established among the infested debris, both by planting and by natural regeneration.     

Metabolite Profiling and Biological Activity Assessment of Casuarina equisetifolia Bark after Incorporating Gold Nanoparticles

Objective: Casuarina equisetifolia bark is rich in various active metabolites and selected to be studied due to limitation of the synthetic antioxidants that have adverse side effects. The present study aimed to enhance efficiency of the most effective extract by incorporating gold nanoparticles (Au-NPs). Methods: The phytochemical and biological measurements were carried out in total methanolic extract and its successive fractions. Moreover, these measurements were assayed in the most effective extract after incorporating Au-NPs. Results: The study revealed that total methanolic extract exhibited the highest biological and cytotoxic activities as compared to other fractions. Therefore, it is considered as good candidate for nano-extract preparation. The methanolic extract incorporated with Au-NPs showed higher antioxidant, scavenging and cytotoxic activities in addition to higher inhibitory effect against α-amylase activity as compared to native extract itself. To pinpoint active agents in total methanolic extract, the secondary metabolite profiling via HPLC-MS showed that 33 and 17 metabolites were annotated in the extract before and after incorporating Au-NPs, respectively. The median lethal dose (LD50) showed that gold total methanolic nano-extract is safer than total methanolic extract. Conclusion: This study concluded that total methanolic C. equisetifolia bark extract is a valuable bioresource to synthesize an eco-friendly Au-NPs with health-enhancing effect as antioxidant, antidiabetic and cytotoxic agents. The present study is considered as the first report on utilization of C. equisetifolia bark in synthesis of Au-NPs by mean of green nanotechnology and investigation of its biological activity in relation to its metabolite fingerprint.     

木麻黄盐害肿枝病研究

广东沿海木麻黄肿枝病经试验证明主要是由海水中的氯化钠和氯化钾直接引起的盐害。木麻黄地上部较地下部易受盐害。 沿海木麻黄病、健植株小枝的氯、钠离子含量有显著差异,病株小枝的氯、钠离子含量为健康小枝的两倍多。 土壤分析结果表明:病区土壤含盐量比健区高约一倍,水分和有机质含量比健区低约一倍。试验亦证明土壤含水量和土质对苗木盐害有显著的影响。 在测试的15个木麻黄无性系中只有1个较耐盐害。     

SymRK defines a common genetic basis for plant root endosymbioses with arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi, rhizobia, and Frankiabacteria

Root endosymbioses vitally contribute to plant nutrition and fitness worldwide. Nitrogen-fixing root nodulation, confined to four plant orders, encompasses two distinct types of associations, the interaction of legumes (Fabales) with rhizobia bacteria and actinorhizal symbioses, where the bacterial symbionts are actinomycetes of the genus Frankia. Although several genetic components of the host-symbiont interaction have been identified in legumes, the genetic basis of actinorhiza formation is unknown. Here, we show that the receptor-like kinase gene SymRK, which is required for nodulation in legumes, is also necessary for actinorhiza formation in the tree Casuarina glauca. This indicates that both types of nodulation symbiosis share genetic components. Like several other legume genes involved in the interaction with rhizobia, SymRK is also required for the interaction with arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) fungi. We show that SymRK is involved in AM formation in C. glauca as well and can restore both nodulation and AM symbioses in a Lotus japonicus symrk mutant. Taken together, our results demonstrate that SymRK functions as a vital component of the genetic basis for both plant-fungal and plant-bacterial endosymbioses and is conserved between legumes and actinorhiza-forming Fagales.     

木麻黄属的DNA 条形码鉴定研究

为验证DNA条形码序列在物种鉴定方面及物种的系统发育方面的广适性,本研究以黎药植物木麻黄为研究对象,收集木麻黄及其近缘种和混伪品22份样本,采用4对引物(ITS,ITS2,trnH-psbA,rbcL)分别进行PCR扩增,产物进行双向测序。利用CodonCode Aligner软件进行序列的拼接,采用MEGA5.1进行数据的处理。结果表明,利用ITS/ITS2可以区分木麻黄与其近缘种以及混伪品,样品的psbA-trnH,rbcL和ITS/ITS2 4个序列中,ITS/ITS2序列具有明显的DNA gap。基于ITS/ITS2序列构建的NJ树结果表明,木麻黄属所有样品聚为一类,呈现明显的单系性,与其亲缘关系较近的是藤黄科。因此,ITS/ITS2序列可以准确鉴定黎药的基原植物。并能从分子水平揭示木麻黄的系统演化规律。