前列腺素E1脂微球载体制剂对多柔比星肾病大鼠结缔组织生长因子表达的影响

目的研究多柔比星肾病大鼠肾组织中结缔组织生长因子(CTGF)表达,同时探讨前列腺素E1脂微球载体制剂(Lipo-PGE1)对其表达的影响.方法 将24只雌性SD大鼠(体重180～200 g)随机分为对照组、多柔比星肾病模型组和多柔比星肾病Lipo-PGE1治疗组3组.采用尾静脉一次性注射多柔比星7.5 mg/kg的方法建立多柔比星肾病动物模型,第8周开始Lipo-PGE1治疗组给予尾静脉注射Lipo-PGE1,用量200 μg/(kg*d).10周后处死全部大鼠,并观察肾组织病理改变,应用免疫组织化学方法和原位杂交技术检测CTGF在肾组织中的表达. 结果 Lipo-PGE1治疗组大鼠肾小球硬化及基质增生程度比多柔比星肾病组明显减轻,免疫组织化学染色及原位杂交结果显示多柔比星肾病组较正常对照组肾小球和肾小管区CTGF蛋白及CTGFmRNA表达量明显增加(P<0.05).Lipo-PGE1治疗组肾小球和肾小管间质CTGF蛋白及CTGFmRNA表达量明显低于多柔比星肾病组(P<0.05).结论 多柔比星肾病组大鼠第10周肾小球及肾小管间质尤其是肾小管间质区CTGF蛋白及CTGFmRNA表达量明显增加.Lipo-PGE1延缓多柔比星肾病肾损害,其机制可能与通过下调CTGF的表达有一定关系,并且可能通过减少肾小球内细胞增生和细胞外基质(ECM)沉积,延缓慢性肾脏疾病的进展.     

Meniscus ECM‐functionalised hydrogels containing infrapatellar fat pad‐derived stem cells for bioprinting of regionally defined meniscal tissue

Injuries to the meniscus of the knee commonly lead to osteoarthritis. Current therapies for meniscus regeneration, including meniscectomies and scaffold implantation, fail to achieve complete functional regeneration of the tissue. This has led to increased interest in cell and gene therapies and tissue engineering approaches to meniscus regeneration. The implantation of a biomimetic implant, incorporating cells, growth factors, and extracellular matrix (ECM)‐derived proteins, represents a promising approach to functional meniscus regeneration. The objective of this study was to develop a range of ECM‐functionalised bioinks suitable for 3D bioprinting of meniscal tissue. To this end, alginate hydrogels were functionalised with ECM derived from the inner and outer regions of the meniscus and loaded with infrapatellar fat pad‐derived stem cells. In the absence of exogenously supplied growth factors, inner meniscus ECM promoted chondrogenesis of fat pad‐derived stem cells, whereas outer meniscus ECM promoted a more elongated cell morphology and the development of a more fibroblastic phenotype. With exogenous growth factors supplementation, a more fibrogenic phenotype was observed in outer ECM‐functionalised hydrogels supplemented with connective tissue growth factor, whereas inner ECM‐functionalised hydrogels supplemented with TGFβ3 supported the highest levels of Sox‐9 and type II collagen gene expression and sulfated glycosaminoglycans (sGAG) deposition. The final phase of the study demonstrated the printability of these ECM‐functionalised hydrogels, demonstrating that their codeposition with polycaprolactone microfibres dramatically improved the mechanical properties of the 3D bioprinted constructs with no noticeable loss in cell viability. These bioprinted constructs represent an exciting new approach to tissue engineering of functional meniscal grafts.     

Sustained cardiomyocyte apoptosis and left ventricular remodelling after myocardial infarction in experimental diabetes

Aims/hypothesis Diabetes is known to reduce survival after myocardial infarction. Our aim was to examine whether diabetes is associated with enhanced cardiomyocyte apoptosis and thus interferes with the post-infarction remodelling process in myocardium in rat.Methods Four weeks after intravenous streptozotocin (diabetic groups) or citrate buffer (controls) injection, myocardial infarction was produced by ligation of left descending coronary artery. Level of cardiomyocyte apoptosis was quantified by TUNEL and caspase-3 methods. Collagen volume fraction and connective tissue growth factor were determined under microscope. Left ventricular dimensions were evaluated by echocardiography and planimetry.Results The number of apoptotic cardiomyocytes was equally high in diabetic and non-diabetic rats after 1 week from infarction. At 12 weeks after infarction the number of apoptotic cells was higher in the diabetic as compared to non-diabetic rats both in the border zone of infarction and in non-infarcted area. Correspondingly, left ventricular end diastolic diameter, relative cardiac weight, connective tissue growth factor-expression and fibrosis were increased in diabetic compared with non-diabetic rats with myocardial infarction.Conclusion/interpretation Sustained cardiomyocyte apoptosis, left ventricular enlargement, increased cardiac fibrosis and enhanced profibrogenic connective tissue growth factor expression were detected after myocardial infarction in experimental diabetes. Apoptotic myocyte loss could be an important mechanism contributing to progressive dilatation of the heart and poor prognosis after myocardial infarction in diabetes.Abbreviations STZ streptozotozin - MI myocardial infarction - CTGF connective tissue growth factor - LV left ventricular - LVEDD LV end-diastolic diameter - BNP B-type natriuretic peptide     

血清Cyr61及CTGF水平对胃癌进展的诊疗意义

目的 评估血清Cyr61及CTGF水平变化与胃癌进展的关系,为早期检测胃癌进展提供依据.方法 选择自2012年6月至2014年6月于铜川矿务局中心医院就诊的胃癌患者132例,其中Ⅰ期45例、Ⅱ期36例、Ⅲ期28例、Ⅳ期23例,对各组Cyr61及CTGF、胃癌肿瘤标志物进行检测.结果 Ⅱ期较Ⅰ期Cyr61及CTGF均有升高,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),Ⅲ期Cyr61及CTGF较Ⅱ期、Ⅰ期升高,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),Ⅳ期Cyr61及CTGF较Ⅰ期、Ⅱ期、Ⅲ期均有升高,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).Ⅱ期较Ⅰ期CEA、CA125均有升高,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);Ⅲ期CEA、CA199、CA125较Ⅱ期、Ⅰ期升高,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),Ⅳ期CEA、CA199、CA125较Ⅰ期、Ⅱ期、Ⅲ期均有升高,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).Cyr61与CEA、CA125显著正相关(P＜0.05),与CA199无相关性(P＞0.05).CTGF与CEA、CA125显著正相关(P＜0.05).结论 Cyr61及CTGF与胃癌肿瘤标志物等指标具有较好的相关性,是反映胃癌恶性程度及侵袭能力的重要指标.     

Inhibition of activin receptor-like kinase 5 attenuates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis

Activin receptor-like kinase 5 (ALK5) is a type I receptor of transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta. ALK5 inhibition has been reported to attenuate the tissue fibrosis including pulmonary fibrosis, renal fibrosis and liver fibrosis. To elucidate the inhibitory mechanism of ALK5 inhibitor on pulmonary fibrosis in vivo, we performed the histopathological assessment, gene expression analysis of extracellular matrix (ECM) genes and immunohistochemistry including receptor-activated Smads (R-Smads; Smad2/3), CTGF, myofibroblast marker (alpha-smooth muscle actin; aSMA) and type I collagen deposition in the lung using Bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis model. ALK5 inhibitor, SB-525334 (10 mg/kg or 30 mg/kg) was orally administered at twice a day. Lungs were isolated 5, 7, 9 and 14 days after BLM treatment. BLM treatment led to significant pulmonary fibrotic changes accompanied by significant upregulation of ECM mRNA expressions, Smad2/3 nuclear translocation, CTGF expression, myofibroblast proliferation and type I collagen deposition. SB-525334 treatment attenuated the histopathological alterations in the lung, and significantly decreased the type I and III procollagen and fibronectin mRNA expression. Immunohistochemistry revealed that SB-525334 treatment showed significant attenuation in Smad2/3 nuclear translocation, decrease in CTGF-expressing cells, myofibroblast proliferation and type I collagen deposition. These results suggest that ALK5 inhibition attenuates R-Smads activation thereby attenuates pulmonary fibrosis.     

大黄酚对单侧输尿管梗阻模型大鼠肾组织CTGF、α-SMA和FN的影响

目的探讨大黄酚对大鼠单侧输尿管梗阻模型(UUO)肾间质纤维化的影响。方法 27只SD大鼠随机分为假手术组、模型组、大黄酚组。用单侧输尿管梗阻术建立肾间质纤维化模型,大黄酚治疗14 d后检测血肌酐、尿素氮水平;采用免疫组织化学方法观察肾组织结缔组织生长因子(CTGF)、α-平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA)、纤维连接蛋白(FN)的表达情况。结果与假手术组相比,模型组血肌酐、尿素氮的水平以及CTGF、α-SMA、FN的表达均显著增高。与模型组相比,大黄酚组血肌酐、尿素氮水平降低,CTGF、α-SMA、FN的阳性表达显著下调。结论大黄酚可能通过抑制UUO大鼠肾组织CTGF、α-SMA、FN的表达,从而缓解肾间质纤维化的发生发展。     

冬虫夏草对大鼠糖尿病肾病的保护作用机制研究

目的：观察人工冬虫夏草制剂对链尿佐菌素（STZ)诱导的糖尿病肾病（DN）大鼠肾组织转化生长因子（TGF-β1)和结缔组织生长因子（CTGF）表达的影响,探讨虫草制剂对糖尿病肾病的肾保护和抗纤维化机制。方法将36只Wistar雄性大鼠,随机分为对照组（12只）,24只成模组随机分为DN模型组,虫草组,虫草组予400mg/(kg·d)灌胃给药,分别于第2、4、8周处死大鼠（每组4只）分别检测血糖值、体重、24h 尿微量蛋白、肌酐（Scr）含量、肾脏的病理变化,免疫组化法检测肾脏中TGF-β1和CTGF的表达。结果 DN模型组大鼠尿微量白蛋白排泄率显著增加（P<0.01）现高表达。虫草治疗组与DN模型组比较,虫草治疗组尿微量蛋白排泄率显著减少（P<0.01)Scr 水平降低(P<0.01),肾组织病理改变减轻,肾组织内TGF-β1和CTGF表达下调（P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论虫草制剂对DN具有肾脏保护作用,其机制可能是通过使TGF-β1/CTGF的表达下调而实现的。