BiPAP呼吸机在COPD并严重呼吸衰竭中的应用

目的 观察双水平无创正压通气（BiPAP）对慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）合并严重型呼吸衰竭患者的临床疗效。方法 COPD急性加重并发严重型呼吸衰竭的患者42例分为两组，常规治疗组21例，给予氧疗、药物等常规治疗．BiPAP组21例，给予常规治疗的同时加用BiPAP无创通气。结果 治疗组及对照组均有效，但治疗组住院时间明显缩短（JP〈0．05）；BiPAP治疗后1小时即有效，一般情况下，3天后各项指标趋干正常。结论 在依从性较好的情况下，应用BiPAP治疗有较显著的临床疗效，可减少住院天数。     

BiPAP呼吸机治疗脂肪栓塞综合征并急性呼吸衰竭2例

我院2005年经面罩BiPAP救治2例脂肪栓塞综合征（FES）并急性呼吸衰竭，效果满意，现报告如下。     

BiPAP ViSION 在慢性阻塞性肺疾病Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭的应用和护理

目的 探讨经鼻(面)罩双水平气道内正压通气(BiPAP)ViSION型呼吸机对慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)伴Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭患者疗效及护理特点。方法 应用BiPAP ViSION型呼吸机对21例COPD伴Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭患者采用鼻/面罩连接单向呼气活瓣行双水平气道正压通气,观察其通气前后动脉血气及临床表现变化。结果 通气治疗后19例患者动脉血氧分压(PaO_2)及氧饱和度(SaO_2)明显升高(P<0.01),二氧化碳分压(PaCO_2)显著降低(P<0.05);肺性脑病症状消失,昏迷患者神志转清。2例病情恶化,其中1例改用有创通气后好转,1例拒绝有创通气死亡。结论BiPAP ViSION呼吸机治疗COPD伴Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭的疗效较为肯定,正确的护理对提高其疗效和减少并发症至关重要。     

Glibenclamide treatment in a Cantú syndrome patient with a pathogenic ABCC9 gain‐of‐function variant: Initial experience

Cantú syndrome (CS), characterized by hypertrichosis, distinctive facial features, and complex cardiovascular abnormalities, is caused by pathogenic variants in ABCC9 and KCNJ8 genes. These genes encode gain‐of‐function mutations in the regulatory (SUR2) and pore‐forming (Kir6.1) subunits of K_ATP channels, respectively, suggesting that channel‐blocking sulfonylureas could be a viable therapy. Here we report a neonate with CS, carrying a heterozygous ABCC9 variant (c.3347G>A, p.Arg1116His), born prematurely at 32 weeks gestation. Initial echocardiogram revealed a large patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), and high pulmonary pressures with enlarged right ventricle. He initially received surfactant and continuous positive airway pressure ventilation and was invasively ventilated for 4 weeks, until PDA ligation. After surgery, he still had ongoing bilevel positive airway pressure (BiPAP) requirement, but was subsequently weaned to nocturnal BiPAP. He was treated for pulmonary hypertension with Sildenafil, but failed to make further clinical improvement. A therapeutic glibenclamide trial was commenced in week 11 (initial dose of 0.05 mg^–1 kg^–1 day^–1 in two divided doses). After 1 week of treatment, he began to tolerate time off BiPAP when awake, and edema improved. Glibenclamide was well tolerated, and the dose was slowly increased to 0.15 mg^?1 kg^?1day^?1 over the next 12 weeks. Mild transient hypoglycemia was observed, but there was no cardiovascular dysfunction. Confirmation of therapeutic benefit will require studies of more CS patients but, based on this limited experience, consideration should be given to glibenclamide as CS therapy, although problems associated with prematurity, and complications of hypoglycemia, might limit outcome in critically ill neonates with CS.     

莫达非尼联合BiPAP呼吸机治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并睡眠呼吸暂停综合征的临床疗效

目的:评价莫达非尼联合双水平气道正压通气(BiPAP)在治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)合并睡眠呼吸暂停综合征(OSAS)的临床疗效。方法:选取在医院接受治疗的93例COPD合并OSAS患者,根据治疗方案的不同将其分为对照组(41例)和观察组(52例),对照组采用常规药物联合BiPAP治疗;观察组在对照组的基础上口服莫达非尼。记录两组正压通气时间及不良反应情况,比较两组治疗前后血氧分压(PaO₂)、血二氧化碳分压(PaCO₂)、用力肺活量(FVC)、第1秒用力呼气容积(FEV1)、FEV1与FVC的比值(FEV1/FVC)、呼吸暂停指数(AHI)、总睡眠时间、最低氧饱和度和Epworth睡眠量表(ESS)评分的改善情况。结果:对照组和观察组患者治疗后的AHI、总睡眠时间、最低氧饱和度及ESS评分均较治疗前有显著改善,差异有统计学意义(t_对照组=21.187,t=6.155,t=7.648,t=29.947;t_观察组=22.380,t=7.931,t=8.168,t=37.593;P<0.05),观察组患者总睡眠时间及ESS评分均显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=2.315,t=14.232;P<0.05)。对照组和观察组患者治疗后1周和4周与治疗前相比,PaO₂有显著升高,Pa CO₂则有明显降低,差异有统计学意义(F对照组=29.947,F=36.147;F_观察组=27.533,F=34.580;P<0.05),而两组比较差异无统计学意义。对照组和观察组患者治疗后1周和4周的FVC、FEV1及FEV1/FVC通气指标均较治疗前有显著改善(F对照组=16.506,F=40.570,F=59.220;F_观察组=19.680,F=43.962,F=61.728;P<0.05),而两组比较差异无统计学意义。观察组和对照组不良反应发生率分别为19.2%(10/52)和7.3%(3/41),而两组比较差异无统计学意义。结论:对于COPD合并OSAS患者,呼吸机BiPAP模式可显著改善肺功能及肺通气相关指标,莫达非尼能提升睡眠质量,减轻白天的嗜睡症状,且未出现明显不良反应。     

BiPAP呼吸机正压给氧对增强肺癌放疗疗效的随机对照试验

目的　观察BiPAP呼吸机正压给氧对放射治疗 (简称放疗 )的影响 ,以探索提高中晚期肺癌治疗的新途径。方法　确诊的肺癌患者 30例随机分为联合治疗组和单纯放疗对照组 ,前者采用BiPAP呼吸机经鼻面罩正压通气给氧联合常规放疗 ,后者采用常规放疗 (6MV X)。观察通气前、后血氧分压 (PaO2 )、血氧饱和度 (SaO2 )变化和放疗前、后胸部X线片、血常规、细胞免疫功能变化 ,以及毒副反应发生情况。结果　①BiPAP呼吸机经鼻面罩正压通气给氧可明显提高PaO2 ,最高可增加 7.5kPa ,同时SaO2 均维持在 95 %以上。肺癌治疗有效率较对照组增加 6 .7个百分点。②治疗组放疗前后细胞免疫功能无明显变化 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,而对照组在放疗后淋巴细胞转化率、CD4及CD4/CD8比值明显降低 (P <0 .0 1 )。③治疗组仅 1例出现白细胞减少 (6 .7% ) ,而对照组有 5例出现白细胞明显降低 (33.3% ) ,需用升白药物才能继续完成放疗。胃肠道反应发生较对照组明显减少。结论　BiPAP呼吸机经鼻面罩正压通气给氧辅助肺癌放疗有一定疗效 ,可明显提高机体氧分压 ,对骨髓及细胞免疫功能有一定保护作用 ,亦能减少放疗所引起的毒副作用     

吸入NO、BiPAP鼻罩式机械通气并水化疗法治疗急性加重期肺心病患者的护理

吸入ＮＯ、ＢｉＰＡＰ鼻罩式机械通气并水化疗法治疗急性加重期肺心病患者,根据病人均较危重的治疗特点,有目的地进行心理护理（病人了解治疗中一些特殊问题,解除病人紧张情绪）,适时调整输液量,观察电解质变化,注意保持呼吸道通畅,预防局部皮肤损伤等措施,使病人抢救成功率明显增加。     

Effects of conventional physiotherapy, continuous positive airway pressure and non-invasive ventilatory support with bilevel positive airway pressure after coronary artery bypass grafting

BACKGROUND: Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery with the use of mammary arteries is associated with severe alteration of lung function parameters. The purpose of the present study was to compare the effect on lung function tests of conventional physiotherapy using incentive spirometry (IS) with non-invasive ventilation on continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and with non-invasive ventilation on bilevel positive airway pressure (BiPAP or NIV-2P), METHODS: Ninety-six patients were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 groups: NIV-2P (1 h/3 h), CPAP (1 h/3 h) and IS (20/2 h). Pulmonary function tests and arterial blood gases analyses were obtained before surgery. On the 1st and 2nd postoperative days, these parameters were collected together with cardiac output and calculation of venous admixture. RESULTS: For the 3 groups a severe restrictive pulmonary defect was observed during the 1st postoperative day. On the 2nd postoperative day, in opposition to IS, intensive use of CPAP and NIV-2P reduced significantly the venous admixture (P<0.001) and improved VC, FEV1 and PaO2 (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: We conclude that preventive use of NIV can be considered as an effective means to decrease the negative effect of coronary surgery on pulmonary function.     

探讨BiPAP治疗重症哮喘致呼吸衰竭的效果分析

目的：对BiPAP在重症哮喘致呼吸衰竭患者中的临床治疗效果进行观察与分析。方法择选该院2013年5月—2014年5月所收治的重症哮喘致呼吸衰竭患者52例作为研究对象,随机将其分成两组,即甲组（26例）与乙组（26例）,对乙组患者予以常规治疗,在此基础上,对甲组患者予以双水平气道正压（BiPAP）通气治疗,且对其临床治疗效果进行观察与比较。结果治疗后,甲组中患者的心率、呼吸、PaO2以及PaCO2等指标均优于治疗前,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;治疗后乙组患者的心率、呼吸、PaO2以及PaCO2等指标均优于治疗前,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;甲组患者治疗后的PaO2与PaCO2均优于乙组患者治疗后,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论对重症哮喘致呼吸衰竭患者给予BiPAP通气治疗,可获得较为理想的治疗效果,值得在临床上大力推广与应用。     

BiPAP呼吸机治疗82例COPD合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭的护理体会

目的:总结临床上使用无创呼吸机治疗呼吸衰竭的护理体会。方法:回顾性分析2011-2013年82例COPD合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭患者使用Bi PAP呼吸机治疗及护理的全过程。结果:82例患者67例好转出院,15例改为气管插管,其中11例拔管后好转出院,4例又行气管切开,均因气胸或病情危重而死亡。结论:无创正压通气应用逐年增加,成功率也逐渐上升,正确掌握适应证和操作程序,严密监测并防治并发症的发生,做好治疗前、治疗中及治疗后的护理,是确保成功使用Bi PAP呼吸机的重要环节。