Lower incidence of hospital-treated infections in infants under 3 months of age vaccinated with BCG

BackgroundLive vaccines potentially have non-specific effects that protect against other infections than those the vaccines are targeted against. The national vaccination program (NVP) in Finland was changed on September 1st, 2006: before BCG vaccine was given to all newborn babies and afterwards to babies in risk groups only. We used this natural experiment to study the non-specific effects of BCG in the frame of NVP using before-after design.MethodsWe compared the incidence of several outcomes obtained from Finnish health registers between children born between July 1st, 2004, and June 30th, 2006 (BCG-eligible) and an age- and season-matched reference cohort born between July 1st, 2007, and June 30th, 2009 (BCG-non-eligible) using Poisson regression. These cohorts were restricted to full-term children whose parents were born in Finland. Follow-up began at birth and lasted 3 months, which is the scheduled age for DTaP-IPV-Hib vaccination, and from 4 months until first birthday. The outcomes included all infections, pneumonia and injuries as a negative control outcome.ResultsThe incidence rate ratio (IRR) of the BCG-eligible cohort (N = 93,658) compared to BCG-non-eligible cohort (N = 94,712) for hospital-diagnosed infections was 0.89 (95 %Cl 0.86–0.93) for the 3-month follow-up. The decrease was mainly caused by respiratory infections. In 4–12 months follow-up the BCG-eligible had slightly more infections than BCG-non-eligible children (IRR 1.03, 1.01–1.06).ConclusionsBCG vaccination was associated with a lower incidence of all hospital-diagnosed infections during the first three months of life. The difference cannot be attributed to lung tuberculosis, since only few paediatric cases occurred in Finland during 2000s. The disappearance of non-specific effect after administration of an inactivated vaccine is compatible with previous studies.     

1987年石家庄市结核病流行病学抽样调查

对石家市结核病的流行情况进行了随机抽样调查,共抽取24个调查点(市区8个、郊县16个)35745人。调查结果:平均患病率及菌阳患病率为0.63％和1.27％,其中郊县与市区分别为0.67％和0.54％及1.60‰和0.42‰(Ρ<0.01);15岁以下儿童有卡痕者,其结素反应阳性率年龄曲线,在7岁和12岁表现为低谷;1～3岁卡痕检出率,市区与郊县分别为90.5％与35.4％(Ρ<0.01)。通过本调查表明,我市结核病患病率高于全国1985年调查的平均数值。     

卡介苗激活杀伤细胞抗膀胱肿瘤作用研究

为了进一步探讨ＢＣＧ抗膀胱肿瘤的作用机理，采取１５例膀胱肿瘤患者外周血单个核细胞（ＰＢＭＣ），置于含ＢＣＧ或ＩＬ２的培养基中培养，计算扩增倍数，检测培养细胞抗自体及异体膀胱癌细胞活性。结果：卡介苗激活杀伤细胞（ＢＡＫ）与淋巴因子激活杀伤细胞（ＬＡＫ）分别于培养第７和第３天达增殖高峰，对自体瘤杀伤率分别为３６．２％和３１．４％，差异有显著性（Ｐ＜０．０５）；对异体瘤杀伤率分别为２５．２％和２８．３％，差异无显著性。结果表明：ＢＡＫ细胞抗自体瘤活性高于ＬＡＫ细胞，死ＢＣＧ对ＰＢＭＣ无激活作用，ＢＡＫ细胞抗肿瘤效应可能是ＢＣＧ抗膀胱肿瘤重要作用机理之一。     

亮菌多糖抗小鼠辐射损伤作用的研究

目的观察亮菌多糖（ATS）对辐射损伤的保护作用。方法将小鼠随机分为空白对照组（0．9％生理盐水）、辐射模型组、阳性对照组（参芪片）和ATS多糖不同剂量实验组（80、160和320mg／kg）。以γ射线照射小鼠全身，引起辐射损伤后观察各组小鼠30d存活率、白细胞（WBC）数、精子畸变率、骨髓微核（MN）细胞数、骨髓DNA含量和免疫器官重量及血清和肝组织中的超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和丙二醛（MDA）含量等。结果ATS能提高受照小鼠存活率（P〈0．05）及SOD活性（P〈0．05）、升高WBC数（P〈0．05）和骨髓DNA含量（P〈0．05），抑制小鼠精子畸变率（P〈0．05）和骨髓MN细胞数的增加（P〈0．05），并使受照小鼠胸腺、脾脏重量回升（P〈0．05），还能增加内源性脾结节数（P〈0．05），降低MDA含量。结论ATS对γ射线所致小鼠辐射损伤有较好的保护作用。     

汕头市新生儿卡介苗接种质量监测分析

目的分析评价汕头地区新生儿卡介苗接种工作质量；方法对2001-2004年我市四家大医院新生儿卡介苗接种工作记录和质量监控结果记录进行统计，汇总分析。结果2001-2004年，汕头市新生儿卡介苗接种率保持在94．69％以上，12周结素试验阳转率稳定在90．96％以上，卡痕率在97％以上，结素试验平均反应直径、卡痕平均直径指标均比较稳定。结论汕头市区卡介苗接种质量较高。     

Construction of Shuttle Expression Plasmid and Stable Expression of Foreign Gene in Mycobacteria and E．Coli

ＣｏｎｓｔｒｕｃｔｉｏｎｏｆＳｈｕｔｔｌｅＥｘｐｒｅｓｓｉｏｎＰｌａｓｍｉｄａｎｄＳｔａｂｌｅＥｘｐｒｅｓｓｉｏｎｏｆ　ＦｏｒｅｉｇｎＧｅｎｅｉｎＭｙｃｏｂａｃｔｅｒｉａａｎｄＥ．ＣｏｌｉＨＵＡＮＧＦＵＹｏｎｇ－ｍｕ（皇甫永修）；ＺＨＡＮＧＤａ－ｊｕ...     

Nd:YAG激光加BCG膀胱灌注治疗浅表性膀胱癌

本文将45例经Nd:YAG激光治疗的膀胱癌患者随机分组,对33例做了卡介苗(BCG)膀胱灌注,12例做了噻替派(thiotepa)膀胱灌注,并分别随访了3～18个月,平均9.8个月,BCC组膀胱癌再发率3％(1/33),噻替派组膀胱癌再发率为25％(3/12)(P<0.01)。     

Controversies in tuberculosis

Tuberculous infection among children continues to be a significant cause of morbidity. The symptom complex are so variable among children that the final diagnosis often rests on the laboratory tests. Proper interpretation of the tests, specially tuberculin test and radiographic studies, are necessary for establishing correct diagnosis. The usefulness of tuberculin test in both unimmunized and BCG vaccinated children is highlighted. BCG accelerated response as a test should be reserved for identifying serious form of pulmonary disease or CNS tuberculosis when the tuberculin test is negative. Radiographic assessment may be sensitive in some instances but not always specific and hence needs cautious interpretation. Tuberculosis among BCG vaccinated children though not uncommon, needs proper documentation. Current trends in the management of tuberculosis including CNS forms are briefly outlined.     

Comparative Study on the Immunogenicity between Recombinant MS-Sj26GST Vaccine and Recombinant BCG-Sj26GST Vaccine in Schistosoma japonicum

TuberculosisandSchistosomiasisarethemajorcontagiousdiseaseswhicharethemostdangeroustothepeople’shealth Inordertogetridofthem ,wemustlookforamoreusefulvaccine Bythetech niquesofmolecularbiology ,2 6 0 0 0DaGlutathionStransferase (GST) genewasclonedintotheE coli MycobacteriumtransferringandexpressionvectorpBCG 2 0 0 0totransformittoMycobacteriumsmeg matismc2 15 5 (MS)andBCGseparatelyinordertoconstructrMS Sj2 6GSTvaccineandrBCG Sj2 6GSTvaccine Inthisstudy ,theBALB/cmicewereimmu niz…