Influence of serum paraoxonase polymorphism on serum lipids and apolipoproteins

One hundred and sixty-three healthy Chinese subjects of both sexes were studied for serum paraoxonase (PON) polymorphism, and levels of lipids and apolipoproteins in order to examine effects of PON alleles on these parameters. The level of serum triglyceride was significantly higher in high activity allele (PON*B) compared with that in low activity allele (PON*A) in both sexes (P less than 0.01). The subjects with PON A had significantly higher LDL cholesterol (P less than 0.05) and lower Apo A-II and ApoB levels. The influence of serum paraoxonase on serum lipids was estimated further by Spearman's rank correlation. In the males, there was a significant negative correlation of serum paraoxonase activity with total (P less than 0.05) and LDL (P less than 0.01) cholesterol levels, and positive correlation with HDL cholesterol and Apo A-II levels (P less than 0.05). Serum paraoxonase activity had a high positive correlation with serum triglyceride levels in both sexes (P less than 0.001). Serum ApoB level had a positive correlation with the enzyme activity only in females (P less than 0.01). The allelic effect of PON on these parameters was studied by multiple regression analysis. The high activity allele (PON*B) was associated with higher serum triglyceride level (P less than 0.001) and ApoB (P less than 0.001), while it had lowering influence on total cholesterol (P less than 0.05) and LDL cholesterol (P less than 0.005) in men. The average allelic effect of PON was found to be about 22% for serum triglycerides, 11% for LDL cholesterol, 14% for Apo A-II and 19% for Apo B in the present study. This study suggests a possible significant role of serum paraoxonase alleles in the metabolism of serum lipids and apolipoproteins.     

Population studies of three AMPFLPs systems in a North Polish population

Allele and phenotype frequencies for D1S80, D17S5 and ApoB were determined in a population sample of more than 200 unrelated persons from North Poland using the PCR method. For D1S80, D17S5 and ApoB 19, 13 and 21 alleles respectively were observed. No deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were detected. All three systems have discrimination values above 92% and a cumulative discrimination index of 4.5 × 10⁴.Dedicated to Prof. Dr. J. Gerchow on the occasion of his 75th anniversary     

Characterization of a family with moderate hypercholesterolemia and binding defective low density lipoprotein

Familial defective apolipoprotein B-100 (FDB) is a genetic disorder presenting with hypercholesterolemia and abnormal low density lipoprotein (LDL) that binds poorly to LDL receptors. This disease appears to be caused by a mutation in the apo B gene. In the present study thirteen members of a family with moderate hypercholesterolemia (250–350 mg/dl) were investigated. Biochemical studies on cultured skin fibroblasts ruled out classical familial hypercholesterolemia (receptor deficiency). LDL from nine affected members displayed, in an in vitro cell binding assay, a reduced affinity (2.5 fold) for the receptor, and had normal electrophoretic mobility, size and chemical composition. Lp(a) levels in family members were comparable to those present in normolipidemics and lower than those observed in primary hypercholesterolemia. The disorder is transmitted over three generations as an autosomal codominant trait and all the affected members are heterozygotes and hypercholesterolemic.Corresponding author.     

四氯化碳对HL-7702肝细胞甘油三酯含量影响

目的 探讨四氯化碳（CCl₄)对人正常二倍体HL-7702肝细胞内甘油三酯含量（TG)和极低密度脂蛋白（VLDL)分泌影响。方法 实验设阴性对照组、CCl₄组（10 mmol/L)和阳性对照组（1 mmol/L油酸),染毒结束后检测TG含量,采用磷钨酸盐沉淀和蛋白印迹法检测VLDL含量,用蛋白印记法检测甘油三酯转移蛋白（MTP),二脂酰甘油酰基转移酶2（DGAT2)和肉碱酰基转移酶（CPT1A)蛋白表达水平,用酶联免疫法检测ApoB100含量。结果 染毒24 h后,CCl₄组细胞内TG含量[（3.235 3±1.116 8)mmol/g prot]明显高于阴性对照组[（1.221 8±0.527 2）mmol/g prot]（P<0.05);VLDL分泌水平无明显改变;细胞内MTP、DGAT2蛋白表达量明显增加;染毒24、48 h后,CCl₄处理组肝细胞培养上清中ApoB100蛋白含量分别为231.79、263.33 ng/mL,较阴性对照组（135.12、143.59 ng/mL)明显增加（P<0.05)。结论 四氯化碳可能通过促进DGAT2 蛋白表达而引起肝细胞内TG含量增加,或通过MTP 途径促进ApoB100分泌,但对VLDL分泌无影响。     

A perspective for atherosclerosis vaccination: Is there a place for plant-based vaccines?

Alternatives to pharmacological treatments for atherosclerosis are highly desirable in terms of cost and compliance. During the last two decades several vaccination strategies have been reported as an effort to develop immunotherapeutic treatments. This approach consists on eliciting immune responses able to modulate either the atherosclerosis-associated inflammatory processes or the activity of some physiological mechanisms that are up-regulated under this pathologic condition. In particular, the apolipoprotein B100 (ApoB100) and the cholesterilester transferase protein (CETP) have been targeted in these strategies. It is considered that recent progress in the development of experimental models of oral vaccines against atherosclerosis has opened a new avenue in the field: as plant-based vaccines are considered a viable platform for vaccine production and delivery at low costs, they could serve as an oral-delivered therapeutic approach for atherosclerosis in an economical and patient-friendly manner. The rationale of the design, development and evaluation of possible plant-based vaccines against atherosclerosis is discussed in this review. We identify within this approach a significant trend that will positively impact the field of atherosclerosis vaccination.     

秦皮提取物对实验性脂肪肝的治疗作用及其机制

目的研究秦皮提取物对实验性脂肪肝的治疗作用并对机制进行初步探讨。方法采用薄层层析硅胶法分离纯化秦皮,得到秦皮提取物,采用Wistar大鼠作为实验动物,设立脂肪肝模型组,正常饮食对照组和秦皮实验组,进行灌胃治疗。进而对肝细胞分泌型TG和ApoB以及肝细胞微粒体腔VLDL中TG和ApoB进行含量测定。结果秦皮提取物组大鼠肝分泌型TG和ApoB的含量较模型组明显降低(P<0.05),并呈剂量依赖关系,秦皮提取物组大鼠肝细胞微粒体腔VLDL中TG和ApoB的含量较模型组明显降低(P<0.05),并呈剂量依赖关系,与正常对照组相比没有显著差异。结论秦皮提取物对大鼠实验性脂肪肝具有一定的治疗作用,其机制可能与抑制TG、ApoB的生成及转运有关。     

Coalition of DNA polymorphisms of ApoB and ApoAI genes is related with coronary artery disease in Kazaks

Objective To explore the relationship between polymorphisms of XbaI and MspI loci of apolipoprotein B (ApoB) gene and -75 bp, +83 bp loci of apolipoprotein AI (ApoAI) gene and coronary heart disease (CHD) in Kazaks of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, China. Methods These loci were analyzed by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-PFLP). Two hundred and five patients with CHD and two hundred and thirty six controls were involved. Results There were significant distinctions among low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglyceride (TG) and the ApoAI/ApoB ratio between the two groups, but no significant distinction among the polymorphism frequencies of the four sites between the two groups. The polymorphism coalition frequency of X--/Ms++/M1+-/M2++ (named Coalition 11) was significantly higher in CHD compared to the control group (14.6% vs. 7.2%, P < 0.05). The level of total cholesterol (TC) in Coalition 11 was significantly higher and the level of the ApoAI/ApoB ratio in Coalition 11 was significantly lower than Coalition 1~10 in CHD patients. The level of the ApoAI/ApoB ratio of Coalition 11 was significantly lower than the Coalition 1~10 in control group. The levels of ApoAI/ApoB ratio of Coalition 3 were significantly higher compared to Coalition 11 in the two groups, respectively. The level of LDL-C of Coalition 3 was significantly lower than in the Coalition 11 in control group. The level of TC of Coalition 5 was significantly higher than Coalition 3 in the CHD group. The level of the ApoAI/ApoB ratio of Coalition 5 was significantly lower than in Coalition 3 or Coalition 1~10 of the two groups, respectively. The level of LDL-C of Coalition 5 was significantly higher than in Coalition 3 in control group. The ratio of ApoAI/ApoB was negatively related to TC, LDL-C and was positively related to HDL-C, both in CHD and control groups. Conclusion Coalition 11 of the 4 loci polymorphisms of the ApoB and ApoAI genes was correlated with CHD in Kazaks, and perhaps the ratio of ApoAI/ApoB was the most diagnostic parameter related with CHD among all lipid parameters. CHD may also be associated with Coalition 5, and, perhaps, Coalition 3 may have been confirmed as a protection factor against CHD, if more samples were enrolled.     

冠心病患者血清ApoB/A1比值与临床SYNTAX评分的相关性

目的 分析冠心病患者血清ApoB/A1比值与临床SYNTAX评分（CSS）的相关性,探讨ApoB/A1比值对冠状动脉病变程度及预后的预测价值。方法 回顾性分析2015年1月1日至2016年1月1日在蚌埠医学院第一附属医院心血管内科住院,并行冠状动脉造影确诊为冠心病患者372例的临床资料,依据冠状动脉造影结果计算CSS,以分值高低分为高分、中分、低分组。采用Pearson分析各血脂指标与CSS的相关性。结果 ApoB/A1比值在CSS的低、中、高分组差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）,且随评分的增高,ApoB/A1比值增加。且ApoB/A1比值与CSS呈正相关性（r=0.269,P<0.001）。结论 ApoB/A1比值对冠状动脉病变程度及预后具有较好的预测价值。