Effect of histamine and methacholine on nasal airway resistance in atopic and nonatopic subjects: Comparison with bronchial challenge and skin test responses

Serial nasal, intracutaneous, or bronchial challenges were carried out with solutions containing 2- or 3-fold increments in histamine (H) or methacholine (Meth) concentration until nasal airway resistance (NAR) increased by more than 100%, a large intracutaneous reaction was elicited, or FEV₁ decreased by 20% or more. Thirty nonatopic and 48 asymptomatic atopic subjects were studied, the latter group divided into rhinitic patients with and without asthma. Several types of data analysis demonstrated there was no significant difference in the nasal or cutaneous effects of H or Meth between the atopic and nonatopic groups. Comparable results were obtained in a subgroup of 39 subjects (13 normal, 13 atopic, and 13 atopic with asthma) who underwent all six test sequences (i.e., nasal, cutaneous, and bronchial with both drugs). As expected, the asthmatics showed significantly increased bronchial reactivity to both agents. In comparison with Meth, H had a much greater effect on the nasal mucosa and skin than on the bronchi. It is concluded that, contrary to bronchial responses, but in accord with cutaneous reactivity, the nasal responses of nonatopic subjects, atopic persons with allergic rhinitis alone, and subjects with both allergic rhinitis and asthma show no intergroup differences on testing with H or Meth.     

Effects of aspirin on nasal responses in atopic subjects

Preliminary experiments indicated that solutions of aspirin (ASA) in buffered saline, pH 7.35, did not significantly change nasal airways resistance (NAR) when 0.1 ml of solution containing 22.5 mg (or less) per deciliter was sprayed into each nostril. Subsequently it was shown that this quantity of ASA administered intranasally did not significantly change NAR responses 15 min later to intranasal administration of increasing concentrations of histamine, methacholine, or an irritant (NH₃ gas). However, the same atopic subjects demonstrated significantly decreased responses to intranasal challenge with short ragweed extract (SRW) after intranasal ASA. In addition, prior oral administration of ASA, Na salicylate, and indomethacin significantly inhibited nasal challenge responses to SRW in sensitive subjects under controlled conditions.     

Comparative nasal absorption of allergens in atopic and nonatopic subjects.

Based on sensitization following intranasal antigen administration, previous investigations have suggested greater absorption of allergens through the nasal mucous membranes of atopic than of nonatopic subjects. In this study mucosal absorption was assessed more directly by determining the capacity of allergens applied intranasally to elicit cutaneous Prausnitz-Küstner (P-K) reactions in nonatopic persons as compared with asymptomatic atopic subjects sensitive to other allergens. Two series of reaginic human serum dilutions were injected intracutaneously in recipients backs, and 48 hours later one series was challenged intracutaneously with test allergen. After the responses had been recorded, concentrated allergenic extract was sprayed into the nose and the second series of P-K sites observed for reactivity. Sometimes these P-K sites were rechallenged intracutaneously the following day to determine passive transfer neutralization. Two allergens were studied: bovine ribonuclease (RNase) and peanut extract. Two sera containing peanut reagins and one with RNase antibodies were each used in 10 to 11 atopic and 9 to 11 nonatopic recipients. The atopic group failed to show greater or more rapid absorption of either allergen through the nose based on the highest serum dilution reacting after nasal challenge. the speed of the reaction, the ratio of the titer by nasal challenge to the intracutaneous titer, or passive transfer neutralization. Controls showed that the results were not influenced by systemic absorption of allergen employed for intracutaneous tests. Drinking the amount of peanut extract applied intranasally did not elicit P-K reactions.     

Management of submacular hemorrhage with intravitreous tissue plasminogen activator injection and pneumatic displacement

Objective

To investigate the efficacy and safety of treating thick submacular hemorrhages with intravitreous tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and pneumatic displacement.

曲安奈德球周注射联合激光治疗糖尿病性黄斑水肿的疗效研究

目的探讨曲安奈德球周注射联合激光治疗糖尿病性黄斑水肿的疗效。方法选择2012年1月~2014年1月我院收治的糖尿病性黄斑水肿患者48例（60眼）,全部入选病例随机分为观察组（n=26,30眼,曲安奈德球周注射联合激光治疗）和对照组（n=22,30眼,激光治疗）,比较两组的视力改善情况、FFA检查结果及两组患者治疗前及治疗后1、3、6个月黄斑中心凹视网膜厚度的变化。结果观察组30只患眼视力提高率达73.33%,显著高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义（χ^2=6.357,P〈0.05）。观察组30只患眼水肿未退率3.3%,显著低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义（χ^2=7.386,P〈0.05）。治疗1、3、6个月后,两组患者黄斑中心凹视网膜厚度分别较治疗前显著降低（P〈0.01）,且观察组较对照组降低更显著（P〈0.01）。结论曲安奈德球周注射联合激光治疗糖尿病性黄斑水肿可有效地提高视力,减轻黄斑水肿程度,安全性好,值得推广和应用。     

SMAD2/3蛋白在沙鼠脑缺血再灌注及氟桂利嗪干预后脑内表达的研究

目的 研究smad2/3在沙鼠脑缺血再灌注脑内表达及氟桂利嗪干预后对其表达的影响.方法 35只沙鼠随机分假手术组、缺血再灌注组和氟桂利嗪治疗组3组,采用夹闭双侧颈总动脉制作沙鼠脑缺血再灌注模型,于缺血10 min再灌注1 d、3 d、7 d各时间点处死动物,用免疫组化方法检测各组沙鼠脑内smad2/3的表达情况.结果 假手术组沙鼠脑内smad2/3弱阳性表达,而缺血再灌注1 d,3 d,7 d后沙鼠脑内呈阳性或强阳性表达,两者比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);氟桂利嗪治疗组smad2/3的表达低于缺血再灌注组,2组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 沙鼠脑内有smad2/3表达,脑缺血再灌注后,脑内smad2/3表达上调;氟桂利嗪干预后,其表达下调.