禁食对蛋鸡肝脏腺苷-磷酸激活的蛋白激酶活性的影响

腺苷 -磷酸 (AMP)激活的蛋白激酶 (AMP- acti-vated protein kinase,AMPK)是丝氨酸激酶家族的一员 ,由 AMP和其上游激酶 AMPK激酶所活化 ,对细胞内 AMP/ATP的变化非常敏感 [1] ,被称为真核细胞的“代谢感受器”[2 ]。研究发现在跑步 [3 ,4 ]、电刺激肌肉 [5,6]或禁食应激后 [7] ,大鼠肝脏和肌肉中的AMPK活性升高数倍 ,乙酰辅酶 A羧化酶 (ACC)活性显著下降甚至丧失 ,丙二酸单酰辅酶 A产量降低甚至为零 ,脂肪酸合成受抑。同时 ,AMPK活化后 ,脂肪酸的氧化率显著提高 ,CO2 和酮体生成量明显增加[4 ,8] 。这些均表明 ,AMPK活化…     

二甲双胍通过AMPK/STAT3信号通路抑制星形胶质细胞的反应性

探讨二甲双胍对体外培养的大鼠脊髓星形胶质细胞反应性的作用及机制。方法 使用三因子（TNF-α、IL-1α、C1q）诱导产生反应性星形胶质细胞,RT-qPCR及Westernblot检测补体3（C3）的表达;使用5、10、20 mM浓度的二甲双胍处理,Westernblot检测星形胶质细胞中腺苷酸激活蛋白激酶（AMPK）与信号转导和转录激活因子3（STAT3）磷酸化水平;采用AMPK抑制剂Compound C处理,检测AMPK和STAT3磷酸化水平。结果 形态学及RT-qPCR结果显示：与对照组相比,三因子处理改变了星形胶质细胞形态并显著提高了C3的表达（P＜0.05）,表明成功建立反应性星形胶质细胞模型。RT-qPCR结果及Westernblot结果显示：与对照组相比,二甲双胍对C3表达有明显的抑制作用,呈现浓度依赖性（P＜0.05）。在诱导星形胶质细胞反应性过程中,与对照组相比,AMPK的磷酸化水平显著降低（P＜0.05）,使用不同浓度二甲双胍处理后,AMPK的磷酸化水平显著增加且呈浓度依赖性（P＜0.05）,同时信号传导及STAT3的磷酸化水平显著降低且呈浓度依赖性（P＜0.05）。AMPK抑制剂Compound C处理后显著抑制了二甲双胍导致的AMPK活性升高及STAT3活性降低,同时抑制了C3表达下调（P＜0.05）。结论 二甲双胍通过AMPK/STAT3信号通路抑制星形胶质细胞的反应性     

Vascular Effects of the Polyphenolic Nutraceutical Supplement Taurisolo®: Focus on the Protection of the Endothelial Function

Preservation of vascular endothelium integrity and functionality represents an unmet medical need. Indeed, endothelial dysfunction leads to decreased nitric oxide biosynthesis, which is prodromic of hypertension and hypercoagulability. In this panorama, the nutraceutical supplement Taurisolo^®, a polyphenolic extract from Aglianico cultivar grape, rich in catechin and procyanidins, was evaluated as a vasoprotective, vasorelaxing, anti-hypertensive and anti-coagulant agent in: cell lines, isolated vessels, in vivo models of chronic hypertension and hypercoagulability, and in clinical tests of endothelial reactivity. Taurisolo^® demonstrated to fully protect vascular cell viability from oxidative stimulus at 100 µg/mL and evoke vasorelaxing effects (Emax = 80.6% ± 1.9 and pEC50 = 1.19 ± 0.03) by activation of the Sirtuins-AMPK-pathway. Moreover, Taurisolo^®, chronically administered at 20 mg/Kg/die in in vivo experiments, inhibited the onset of cardiac hypertrophy (heart weight/rat weight = 3.96 ± 0.09 vs. 4.30 ± 0.03), hypercoagulability (decrease of fibrinogen vs. control: p < 0.01) and hypertension (mean of Psys: 200 ± 2 vs. control 234 ± 2 mmHg) and improved endothelial function (Emax = 88.9% ± 1.5 vs. control 59.6% ± 3.6; flow-mediated dilation in healthy volunteers after 400 mg twice daily for 8 weeks vs. baseline: p = 0.019). In conclusion, Taurisolo^® preserves the vascular function against ox-inflamm-ageing process and the consequent cardiovascular accidents.     

AMPK在保护血管功能中研究进展

腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶(AMPK)是一种丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶,它是细胞内能量感受器并且参与了细胞和全身器官的能量代谢调节。AMPK的激活有许多潜在的抗动脉粥样硬化的效果,包括减少炎症细胞黏附在内皮上,减少脂质氧化引起的脂质累计和炎症细胞的增殖,刺激细胞抗氧化保护的基因表达和一氧化氮形成的酶。除了用于心血管和代谢性疾病的药物如他汀类,二甲双胍和噻唑烷二酮类之外,中医药宝库中也有许多涉及了AMPK的激活。总的来说,AMPK的激活与维护血管健康有密不可分的关系。综述了AMPK在保护血管功能中作用及机制的研究进展。     

SIRT1/AMPK通路在利拉鲁肽早期干预缓解高脂饮食导致的大鼠非酒精性脂肪性肝病中的作用

目的:探讨胰高血糖素样肽1(GLP-1)受体激动剂利拉鲁肽(Lira)早期干预对高脂饮食(HFD)诱导的非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)大鼠的影响及沉默信息调节因子1(SIRT1)/AMP活化蛋白激酶(AMPK)通路在其中的作用。方法:SPF级雄性SD大鼠随机分为普通饮食(ND)组、HFD组和HFD+Lira组,每组8只。适应性饲养1周后,按不同分组给药,HFD+Lira组大鼠每日固定时间皮下注射Lira(200μg/kg),其余2组注射等体积生理盐水。干预期间注意观察大鼠体重、毛发、食欲、大小便及活动情况,以便及时调整药量。每周记录体重、进食量和血糖,第16周行葡萄糖耐量实验;第18周末麻醉后行高胰岛素-正葡萄糖钳夹实验,该实验结束后颈动脉取血,处死后取肝脏及不同部位的脂肪组织。血清检测丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)和天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)等指标;HE染色法观察肝组织病理损伤变化;油红O染色法观察肝组织脂质蓄积程度;马松染色和天狼星红染色法观察肝脏纤维化程度;活性氧簇(ROS)染色观察肝脏氧化应激情况;免疫荧光染色观察肝脏GLP-1受体表达情况;免疫组织化学染色法观察SIRT1和第172位...     

丹参酮ⅡA在3T3-L1脂肪细胞中促进脂联素的组装(英文)

目的:研究丹参酮IIA对3T3-L1脂肪细胞中脂联素表达和蛋白多聚化的作用。方法:用油红染色鉴定3T3-L1脂肪细胞的分化状态。用Real-time PCR检测基因的mRNA表达水平。用2%15%梯度SDS-PAGE及Western blot检测脂联素三种聚体。用siRNA技术进行基因沉默。结果:本研究发现传统中药丹参中的萘醌二萜类成分丹参酮IIA在脂肪细胞中激活AMPK通路,同时抑制脂肪细胞分化,降低脂联素的表达。而在前体脂肪细胞分化过程或成熟脂肪细胞中加入丹参酮IIA进行处理,均明显促进脂联素的多聚化,增加高聚体的浓度。抑制AMPK通路能够解除丹参酮IIA对脂联素的作用。结论:丹参酮IIA通过激活AMPK在3T3-L1脂肪细胞中促进脂联素的组装。     

Puerarin activates endothelial nitric oxide synthase through estrogen receptor-dependent PI3-kinase and calcium-dependent AMP-activated protein kinase

The cardioprotective properties of puerarin, a natural product, have been attributed to the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS)-mediated production of nitric oxide (NO) in EA.hy926 endothelial cells. However, the mechanism by which puerarin activates eNOS remains unclear. In this study, we sought to identify the intracellular pathways underlying eNOS activation by puerarin. Puerarin induced the activating phosphorylation of eNOS on Ser1177 and the production of NO in EA.hy926 cells. Puerarin-induced eNOS phosphorylation required estrogen receptor (ER)-mediated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling and was reversed by AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII) inhibition. Importantly, puerarin inhibited the adhesion of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-stimulated monocytes to endothelial cells and suppressed the TNF-α induced expression of intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1. Puerarin also inhibited the TNF-α-induced nuclear factor-κB activation, which was attenuated by pretreatment with N^G-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester, a NOS inhibitor. These results indicate that puerarin stimulates eNOS phosphorylation and NO production via activation of an estrogen receptor-mediated PI3K/Akt- and CaMKII/AMPK-dependent pathway. Puerarin may be useful for the treatment or prevention of endothelial dysfunction associated with diabetes and cardiovascular disease.     

非洲传统草药Hypoxis Hemerocallidea提取物对糖尿病骨骼肌AMPK信号通路作用机制研究＊

目的：探讨Hypoxis Hemerocallidea（AP）对糖尿病大鼠骨骼肌AMPK信号通路的影响。方法：①40只雄性SD大鼠,10只作为正常组,30只高脂喂养1月,加一次性腹腔注射STZ造模,造模成功后分为模型组、盐酸吡格列酮组、AP组,分组灌胃5周。取骨骼肌组织包埋切片进行免疫组化;利用Western Blot检测骨骼肌p-AMPKα、p-AS160、GLUT4蛋白表达情况;②使用100 mmol·L-1葡萄糖诱导建立C2C12骨骼肌细胞胰岛素抵抗模型,设为模型组;另加AP含药血清设置处理组;对照组为正常细胞。检测各组葡萄糖消耗量,细胞增殖情况,检测SOD、MDA含量,采用Western Blot、RT-PCR检测各组p-AMPKα、p-AS160、GLUT4蛋白表达情况。结果：①与正常组比较,AP能上调DM大鼠骨骼肌组织p-AMPKα蛋白量（P<0.01）,增加骨骼肌AS160的磷酸化水平（P<0.01）,上调GLUT4表达（P<0.01）;②与正常组比较,高糖造成了C2C12骨骼肌细胞活性下降,葡萄糖消耗量减低（P<0.05）,SOD降低（P<0.01）,MDA增加（P<0.01）,p-AMPKα、p-AS160、GLUT4蛋白表达降低（P<0.01）。干预48 h后,AP含药血清组C2C12骨骼肌细胞SOD均显著增高（P<0.01）,MDA含量降低（P<0.05）,提高了AMPKα、AS160的磷酸化水平（P<0.01）,增加GLUT4蛋白表达（P<0.01）。结论：诱导AMPKα、AS160磷酸化促进GLUT4表达可能是AP改善糖尿病骨骼肌胰岛素抵抗的作用机制之一。     

Herbal medicines for the prevention of alcoholic liver disease: A review

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Long-term excess alcohol exposure leads to alcoholic liver disease (ALD)—a global health problem without effective therapeutic approach. ALD is increasingly considered as a complex and multifaceted pathological process, involving oxidative stress, inflammation and excessive fatty acid synthesis. Over the past decade, herbal medicines have attracted much attention as potential therapeutic agents in the prevention and treatment of ALD, due to their multiple targets and less toxic side effects. Several herbs, such as Cnidium monnieri (L.) Cusson (Apiaceae), Curcuma longa L. (Zingiberaceae) and Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi (Leguminosae), etc., have been shown to be quite effective and are being widely used in China today for the treatment of ALD when used alone or in combination.

Aim of the review

To review current available knowledge on herbal medicines used to prevent or treat ALD and their underlying mechanisms.

Materials and methods

We used the pre-set searching syntax and inclusion criteria to retrieve available published literature from PUBMED and Web of Science databases, all herbal medicines and their active compounds tested on ALD induced by both acute and chronic alcohol ingestion were included.

Results

A total of 40 experimental studies involving 34 herbal medicines and (or) active compounds were retrieved and reviewed. We found that all reported extracts and individual compounds from herbal medicines/natural plants could be beneficial to ALD, which might be attributed to regulate multiple critical targets involved in the pathways of oxidation, inflammation and lipid metabolism.

Conclusions

Screening chemical candidate from herbal medicine might be a promising approach to drug discovery for the prevention or treatment of ALD. However, further studies remain to be done on the systematic assessment of herbal medicines against ALD and the underlying mechanisms, as well as their quality control studies.