Xenogeneic bone marrow transplantation: II. Porcine-specific growth factors enhance porcine bone marrow engraftment in an in vitro primate microenvironment

Abstract: Establishment of mixed bone marrow chimerism in pig-to-primate transplantation, as a means of inducing specific immune tolerance, will require that both immune and nonimmune barriers be overcome. As a preliminary step in evaluating nonimmune barriers in this system, we have developed an in vitro model of engraftment in which long-term culture of porcine bone marrow-derived hematopoietic cells is supported on preformed primate bone marrow stromal layers. In the absence of cytokine supplementation, primate stromal cells were unable to support long-term porcine hematopoiesis in these cultures. Supplementation with porcine Steel Factor was required for long-term maintenance of hematopoietic progenitor cell content and total hematopoietic activity. Addition of porcine IL-3, in combination with porcine Steel Factor, increased long-term progenitor cell content and hematopoietic activity on primate stroma to levels comparable to that obtained in cultures on porcine stroma. The combination of porcine GM-CSF and Steel Factor increased progenitor cell content and hematopoietic activity early in the cultures, but had little effect in long-term cultures. The Steel Factor and IL-3 combination was species-specific in its action in these cultures, as the corresponding human cytokines were unable to effectively support long-term porcine hematopoiesis. Likewise, the combination of porcine cytokines had only minimal effects on long-term bone marrow culture of primate CD34+ cells I on primate stroma.     

复合矫治弓丝接头的力学性能及接头组织观察

目的　测试复合矫治弓丝接头的机械性能及分析接头、接头断口变化。方法　测试复合矫治弓丝接头的拉伸强度、剪切强度、扭转强度、弯曲形变残余角,TiNi形状记忆合金丝超弹性,扫描电镜观察及分析接头、断口组织变化。结果　复合矫治弓丝接头抗拉伸强度为32 0～36 0MPa ,剪切强度为2 2 0～2 5 0MPa ,抗扭转强度为30～4 0N·m、断裂时扭转角度不小于1 4 4 0°,弯曲形变残余角为1 2～1 7°;钎焊异质接头中TiNi形状记忆合金丝超弹性几乎没有破坏;接头钎料与TiNi形状记忆合金界面不存在扩散层,与不锈钢丝界面之间有一较宽的扩散层,接头断裂多发生在钎料与TiNi形状记忆合金超弹界面处,部分发生在钎缝中心。结论　复合矫治弓丝机械性能符合正畸临床要求,可应用于临床。     

The effect of mechanical deformation on magnetic properties and MRI artifacts of type 304 and type 316L stainless steel

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of composition and deformation of biomedical stainless steels on mechanical properties, magnetic properties, and MRI artifacts. Type 304 and Type 316L samples were prepared using standard wire-drawing techniques. Mechanical properties were determined using standard test methods. The amount of ferromagnetic phase present was estimated using a Severn Gage and x-ray diffraction. Magnetic field attraction and artifacts were determined using previously described techniques. The strength of both steels increased significantly with increasing deformation. None of the type 316L wires transformed to the magnetic phase. The amount of magnetic phase in the type 304 wires increased with increasing deformation. There was no magnetic field attraction, and artifacts were minimal for all of type 316L wires and the undeformed type 304 wire. Deflection and artifacts were significant for the deformed type 304 stainless steel. These results provide guidance regarding the use of type 304 and type 316L stainless steels for bioimplants. In this regard, type 316L stainless steel seems to be a more acceptable material with respect to MR compatibility.     

Occupational chronic exposure to metals

Summary Stainless steel welders (n = 103) were examined. To estimate external exposure, personal air sampling was used. Internal exposure was quantified by the determination of nickel levels in erythrocytes, plasma and urine. Men and women (n = 123) were examined for control purposes. In the plasma and erythrocytes of the controls the nickel concentration was below the level of detection (< 1.81 μg/l). The element concentrations in urine were between < 0.1 and 13.3 μg/l. Of the controls 95% showed nickel levels in urine below 2.2 μg/l (reference value). The average concentration of nickel in the air was 93 ± 81 μg/m³. The average concentration of nickel in the plasma samples was 4.9 ± 4.0 μg/l (95th percentile 12.8 μg/L). In erythrocytes nickel could not be detected. The nickel concentrations in the urine of the welders were 18.5 ± 28.5 μg/l on average (95th percentile 52.5 μg/l). Only a weak correlation between the nickel levels of plasma and urine could be detected (C_urine = 2.07 + 8.45 C_plasma; r = 0.294; p < 0.01). Based on our results and on the reported literature a future limit value for the nickel concentration in urine should lay between 30 and 50 μg/l. This value corresponds to an external exposure of 500 μg nickel per cubic metre.     

放置不锈钢IUD20年以上妇女的长期安全性研究——临床与病理分析

调查了上海市所属崇明、嘉定二个县及川沙县三个公社的全部放置了不锈钢宫内节育环20年以上妇女635人的临床情况;调查了上述地区年龄相似未放环的妇女724例作为对照。临床症状发生率经年龄与绝经年龄配对后,放环组中赤带的发生率增高4.87%(P<0.05),而月经量增多与不规则出血的发生率增高极少(P>0.05)。放环组取环374例其宫腔括出物中均未见癌,特别注意了内膜的直接压迫与移行区内膜亦未见明显间变。子宫内膜轻度增生过长9例,占2.41%。与放置时间长短无关。其中315例较完整的内膜中,有炎症者32例,占10.15%。其发生率与环的放置时间长短无关。内膜炎中3例为放线菌感染。374例取环困难情况与环的放置时间长短无明显关系,而与绝经年限长短有关,随着绝经年限增长而困难增多。23例宫腔X 线造影发现宫腔随着绝经年限增长而逐渐缩小,环的嵌顿越来越深。     

抑制ECV304细胞内EOLA1基因表达后效应观察

目的观察抑制人脐静脉内皮细胞系ECV304细胞内内皮高表达脂多糖相关因子1（endothe-lial-overexpressed lipopolysaccharide-associated factor 1,EOLA1）基因表达后细胞生长的变化。方法构建EGFP-EOLA1融合蛋白表达载体pEGFP-N2/EOLA1,转染ECV304细胞,G418压力筛选获得稳定表达株;设计靶点特异性的寡核苷酸,连接到经BamHⅠ和HindⅢ酶切线性化的pSlincer3.1/H1质粒上。转染重组质粒到稳定表达EGFP-EOLA1融合蛋白的ECV304细胞,检测靶基因的抑制情况,观察EOLA1表达被抑制后细胞生长的改变。结果抑制EOLA1表达后ECV304细胞生长明显减慢。结论EOLA1基因在细胞内参与了细胞生长的调控。     

表面磁性膜医用316L不锈钢支架的生物相容性

目的 对表面磁性膜血管内支架进行生物相容性研究,为该支架的临床应用提供实验依据.方法 通过溶血实验、动态凝血时间实验、急性全身毒性实验、皮内刺激实验、细胞毒性实验、热源实验、过敏实验、体内植入实验综合评价表面磁性膜血管内支架的生物相容性.结果 表面磁性膜血管内支架无溶血反应及凝血功能的改变,无急性全身毒性反应,无热源反应,支架材料中不存在致敏性物质;支架材料动物体内植入在初期有轻度的炎性反应,12周后炎性反应基本消失,未见炎性细胞浸润积聚现象.结论 表面磁性膜血管内支架具有良好的生物相容性,其应用于临床具有可行性和安全性.     

In vitro corrosion study of porous metal fibre coatings for bone ingrowth

As a first part of a biocompatibility testing programme, in vitro corrosion tests were carried out on porous stainless steel AISI 316L and titanium compacts made of 100 microns thick fibres. The present porous metal structures are used as coatings on permanent orthopaedic implants; with osseous tissue invading the pores, the implant becomes securely anchored to the surrounding bone. The results show that no inadvertent reactions occur with porous titanium. It can probably be used with no greater risk of localized electrochemical attack than the parent bulk material.     

血小板对ECV304细胞PTA1表达和PDGF释放的影响

目的:探讨血小板对妊高征患者血清刺激下的ECV304细胞(ECV304)表达人血小板/T细胞活化抗原1(PTA1)和释放血小板衍生生长因子(PDGF)的影响。方法①用间接免疫荧光染色结合流式细胞仪分析观察血小板与妊高征患者血清刺激的ECV304细胞孵育前后PTA1的表达②用ELISA方法检测血小板与妊高征患者血清刺激的ECV304细胞孵育前后PDGF的量。结果:①血小板与妊高征患者血清刺激(24h、48h)的ECV304细胞孵育后PTA1表达的百分率(6.32%、4.13%)明显低于对照组(15.51%、5.64%)(P<0.05)。②妊高征患者血清刺激ECV304细胞8h、24h、48h释放PDGF的量(1593、2625、2175ng/L)明显高于正常孕妇组(235、405、133.5ng/L)差异显著(P<0.01)。③血小板与妊高征患者血清刺激的ECV304细胞孵育后,24h、48h细胞培养上清液中PDGF-B的量又进一步增加(3266、2360ng/L),与对照组比差异显著(P<0.05)。结论:ECV304细胞与血小板之间的黏附可能是通过PTA1分子发挥作用的,同时导致了PDGF的进一步释放。