031 一种简易的HPLC方法检测大鼠粪便肠道菌对芍药苷的代谢作用

建立了一种简单的HPLC方法检测大鼠粪便肠道菌对芍药苷(PF)的代谢作用。PF经口服，在肠道菌的作用下代谢为一种具有生物活性的化合物芍药苷代谢物Ⅰ(PM-Ⅰ)。由于PM-Ⅰ缺乏强发色团，难以用HPLC方法直接检测。然而，当PF经肠道乳酸菌孵育，于苯硫醇存在时，其转化为8-苯基硫代芍药苷代谢物Ⅰ（PT-PM-Ⅰ）的代谢率与PF转化为PM-Ⅰ的代谢率相当。因此，可以通过HPLC方法检测PF生物转化为PT-PM-Ⅰ的代谢率来检测芍药苷的代谢。     

新发现

瑞舒伐他汀可能导致不良代谢作用 《国际心脏病学杂志》日前在线发表的一项研究证实,调脂药瑞舒伐他汀（商品名：可定）对高胆固醇血症患者有不良的代谢作用。     

Metabolic changes of prefrontal cerebral lobe, white matter and cerebellum in patients with post-stroke depression*☆ A proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study

BACKGROUND： Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy （IH-MRS） non-invasively detects changes in chemical substances in the brain, which reflects the pathological metabolism.
OBJECTIVE： To investigate changes in N-acetyl-aspartate （NAA）, choline （Cho）, creatine （Cr）, and myoinositol （MI） in the gray and white matter of cerebral prefrontal lobe and cerebellum of patients with differential degrees of post-stroke depression （PSD） using ^1H-MRS.
DESIGN： A case control study.
SETTING： The First Affiliated Hospital of the Dalian Medical University.
PARTICIPANTS： A total of 38 patients with stroke （28 male and l0 female patients, aged 40 to 79 years） were selected from the Department of Neurology, 1st Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, from February to October in 2004. All subjects met the DSM-IV criteria for cerebrovascular disease and depression. The degree of depression was defined according to Hamilton criteria. 38 patients with PSD were divided into two groups according to the time after ischemia, 20 patients in the acute group with less than 10 days after ischemic attack （mild： 16 patients, moderate/severe： 4 patients） and 18 patients in the chronic group with more than l l days after ischemic attack （mild： 15 patients, moderate/severe： 3 patients）. Seventeen healthy volunteers with matching age from 41 to 80 years were examined as a control group. The study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of the University Medical Center Utrecht, and each participant signed an informed consent form.
METHODS： Spectra were acquired by multi-voxel point-resolved spectroscopy （PRESS） sequence with GE signal.5T MR/i, localized in prefrontal cerebral lobe and cerebellum. Values of NAA, Cho, MI, and Cr ere compared between different graded PSD patients and control subjects with one-way analysis of variance in software SPSS 11.5.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Metabolite concentration in different brain regions of interest. Difference in metabolites b     

血清S—TSH（IRMA）、FT3、FT,RIA的临床意义

甲状腺激素包括甲状腺T4及三碘甲状腺原氨酸T3，以非共价键与血浆蛋白结合，游离部分极少，只有0、04％FT4及0、3％FT3。与蛋白结合的T4或T1和FT3或FT4处于动态平衡。游离激素可通过细胞膜进入细胞，并与细胞中受体结合，起到影响蛋白质合成及调解代谢作用。血液中的T3或T4受甲状腺素结合蛋白(TBG)的影响，而FT3、FT4不受其影响，是反映甲状腺功能的灵敏指标之一。     

胰岛素抵抗评估及其临床应用

胰岛素抵抗一般是指胰岛素的糖代谢作用在机体受到阻碍(即机体的胰岛素敏感性降低),它是"代谢综合征"(也称胰岛素抵抗综合征)赖以存在的基础,而代谢综合征又涵盖了涉及内、外、妇、儿各科疾病如肥胖、高血压、脂类代谢紊乱、胆石症、冠心病、脑卒中、糖尿病多囊卵巢等诸多疾病.     

Anaerobic Degradation of Tetrachloroethylene Using Different Co-substrates as Electron Donors

Objective To investigate the biodegradation of tetrachloroethylene （PCE） by acclimated anaerobic sludge using different co-substrates, i.e., glucose, acetate, and lactate as electron donors. Methods HP-6890 gas chromatograph （GC） in combination with auto-sampler was used to analyze the concentration of PCE and its intermediates, Results PCE could be degraded by reductive dechlorlnation and the degradation reaction conformed to the first-order kinetic equation. The rate constants are klaetate〉kglucose〉kacetate. The PCE degradation rate was the highest in the presence of lactate as an electron donor. Conclusion Lactate is the most suitable electron donor for PCE degradation and the electron donors supplied by co-metabolic substrates are not the limiting factors for PCE degradation,     

Beneficial metabolic effects of nateglinide versus acarbose in patients with newly-diagnosed type 2 diabetes

AIM: To investigate the acute and chronic effects of nateglinide versus acarbose on plasma asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) levels and lipid profiles in patients with newly-diagnosed type 2 diabetes. METHODS: A crossover trial of nateglinide and acarbose was conducted on 16 drug-na?ve patients with newly-diagnosed type 2 diabetes during a total period of 9 weeks. Plasma glucose, serum insulin, free fatty acids (FFA), lipids and lipoproteins, and plasma ADMA were measured. RESULTS: The efficiencies of a single dose of nateglinide (120 mg) and acarbose (50 mg) for lowering postprandial hyperglycemia were similar. Compared to acarbose, nateglinide significantly increased postprandial insulin release after a standard meal test in patients with type 2 diabetes. Nateglinide acutely decreased postprandial 120 min FFA concentrations and 240 min ADMA levels more significantly than acarbose. The fasting high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level increased and the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level decreased significantly, but the fasting levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol, and ADMA were unchanged after 4 weeks of treatment with nateglinide. Acarbose did not affect fasting lipid profiles or the ADMA levels after 4 weeks of treatment. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the reduction of postprandial FFA and ADMA concentrations induced by nateglinide may be associated with the partial restoration of early-phase insulin secretion and may impart a cardiovascular advantage in comparison with acarbose.     

噻唑烷二酮类药物机理与临床应用进展

噻唑烷二酮类药物（TZDs）是上世纪80年代发现有降低血糖和增加胰岛素的敏感性和改善糖代谢作用的化合物，包括一系列具有2，4-噻唑烷二酮结构的化合物，这些化合物具有不同的侧链取代基，因而药理特点各有不同。第一个TZDs环格列酮是在1982年合成的，但到1994年才发现它的治疗机理，后来陆续生产出噻格列酮（Ciglitazone）、曲格列酮（Troglitazone）、罗格列酮（Rosiglitazone）、和吡格列酮（Pioglitazone）等，     

术后病人添加精氨酸、RNA、ω-3脂肪酸的肠道营养:免疫、代谢及临床结局

术后在肠道营养中添加精氨酸、RNA和ω-3脂肪酸有益于免疫和代谢功能的改善