球体替代纽扣改良腹腔镜Vecchietti阴道成形手术12例临床分析

目的：探讨用球体替代纽扣实施腹腔镜Vecchietti阴道成形手术的可行性和临床效果的优越性。方法：选取2003年至2012年在山东大学齐鲁医院妇科行腹腔镜Vecchietti阴道成形术的20例先天性无阴道患者,其中行传统腹腔镜Vecchietti阴道成形手术者8例（纽扣组）,用球体替代纽扣实施改良腹腔镜Vecchietti阴道成形手术者12例（球体组）。比较两组的手术时间、术中出血量、术后提拉疼痛评分,以及术后3月及6月的阴道长度（cm）和宽度（cm）。结果：球体组的手术时间、术中出血量、术后疼痛评分（VAS）均显著低于纽扣组（P〈0.05）。术后3月及6月复查,两组患者的阴道长度及宽度均无显著差异（P〉0.05）。结论：应用球体替代纽扣改良腹腔镜Vecchietti阴道成形手术与传统腹腔镜Vecchietti阴道成形手术相比较,缩短了手术时间,减少术中出血量,明显缓解患者术后提拉疼痛,同时又保留传统手术方式的优点,是一种创伤更小、更加简约可行的手术方式。     

小阴唇瓣联合阴道前庭瓣阴道成形术

目的探讨以小阴唇瓣联合阴道前庭瓣行阴道再造的方法和临床价值。方法对该科1985～2004年采用小阴唇瓣联合阴道前庭瓣的手术方法治疗先天性无阴道17例患者的临床资料和随访结果分析总结。结果经术后6个月～2年随访,再造阴道可容两指,深度8cm以上,具有感觉和分泌功能,性生活满意。结论小阴唇瓣联合阴道前庭瓣阴道成形术是诸多阴道再造方法中较为理想的方法,其再造阴道接近解剖及生理状态。     

两种阴道成形术临床效果比较和护理方式探讨

目的比较两种阴道成形术临床效果,探讨科学的护理方式。方法回顾我院20例先天性无阴道患者的临床资料,进行手术时间、出血量、术后住院天数比较和护理方式探讨。结果两组20例患者经过手术及科学的护理方式,人工阴道成型均成功,性生活大部分满意。结论腹腔镜下腹膜代阴道成形术临床相对效果优于乙状结肠代阴道术,是值得推荐的手术方法。     

Eighty-six cases of laparoscopic vaginoplasty using an ileal segment

Background The surgical management of the absence of the vagina is a complex problem and constitutes a significant technical challenge. As the laparoscopy has been an important tool for the treatment of uterovaginal anomalies, we evaluated the feasibility of laparoscopic vaginoplasty using an ileal segment retrospectively. Methods Totally 86 patients who underwent laparoscopic vaginoplasty using an ileal segment in Beijing Anzhen Hospital during February 2004 to July 2007 were enrolled in this study. Of the 86 patients, 70 （81.4%） underwent primary operations and 16 （18.6%） secondary operations. Nineteen （22.1%） patients underwent total laparoscopic vaginoplasty and 67 （77.9%） patients underwent laparoscope-assisted vaginoplasty. The operation time, cost of hospitalization, and hospital duration were compared between the two laparoscopic groups. The Student＇s t test and the Mann-Whitney test were used to examine the differences. Results All the surgeries were successfully completed with no any intraoperative complication. There were three major surgical complications in the postoperative period： one case of intra-abdominal hemorrhage, one case of meatal stenosis and one case of intestinal obstruction. The mean follow-up period of this series was 18 months. Seventy-eight patients were satisfied with their sexual lives after the surgeries except 5 women complaining of vaginal stenosis and 3 with no sexual partner during the follow-up. Significant differences were obtained between total laparoscopic and laparoscope-assisted vaginoplasty groups, such as the operation time, cost of hospitalization, and hospital duration （P 〈0.01）. There were no significant differences in sexual function between the two groups. Conclusions The laparoscopic vaginoplasty using an ileal segment is satisfactory for cosmetic, functional, and anatomic results. Vaginoplasty with an ileal segment, performed by either total laparoscopic or laparoscope-assisted techniques, has a high success rate for a functional vagina.     

Twenty years of experience with Krzeski's cystovaginoplasty for vaginal agenesis in Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome: anatomical, histological, cytological and functional results

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate the long‐term anatomical results using the original method of vaginal reconstruction with a pedicled bladder flap (Krzeski’s cystovaginoplasty, CVP) in women with Mayer‐Rokitansky‐Küster–Hauser syndrome (MRKHS) and the evaluation of radiological, histological, cytohormonal and functional results of CVP.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

Between 1981 and 2000, 38 patients (mean age 22.5 years, range 18–40) with MRKHS underwent CVP. A physical examination was used to evaluate the anatomical results, 27 patients had vaginography, and biopsies of the neovaginal wall and cytohormonal smears were taken in two. Functional sexual and urinary results, and opinions on CVP, were evaluated by an inventory mailed to 37 patients in 2000.

RESULTS

The anatomical result was good in 37 patients during a mean (range) follow‐up of 9 (0.25–19) years; the result was good in 30 patients, but seven developed vaginal stenosis that was successfully repaired. There were two cases of post‐coital vesicovaginal fistula (VVF) at 18 months after CVP. Vaginal biopsies showed epithelialization of the posterior vaginal wall and gradual metaplastic changes from urothelium to stratified nonsquamous epithelium. Cytological smears showed a normal biphasic pattern and neovaginal susceptibility to hormonal milieu. In all, 27 patients (73%) responded to the questionnaire. All had sexual partners and started sexual intercourse at a mean of 14 months after CVP; 89% experience orgasms and in 48% the vagina was the source; 40% sometimes used lubricants and seven (26%) used vaginal dilators. Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) after CVP were reported by 19 (66%) of the women and in six the LUTS were persistent. One patient was not satisfied with the functional and anatomical result of CVP, 89% declared that it improved sexual life, 93% would undergo CVP again and in 92% the quality of their sexual life was improved. All patients, when asked, stated that they would recommend CVP to another patient with MRKHS.

CONCLUSIONS

Vaginal reconstruction by CVP is characterized by good anatomical and functional results, sustained by long‐term observation. The resultant epithelium is very similar to that of the native vagina in histology and function. All vaginas are functional and the level of patient satisfaction was high. The level of complications was acceptable, but in some patients LUTS can persist.     

先天性无阴道综合征阴道重建后的形态学特点与功能

目的总结先天性无阴道(Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser,MRKH)女性其各种阴道成形术术后的解剖形态和功能。方法查阅近年国内外相关文献,对目前MRKH临床应用较多的几种阴道成形术术后的解剖形态和功能进行评述。结果大部分研究对解剖形态的描述集中在新阴道的长度与宽度,部分对新阴道的活检标本进行了组织学分析,新阴道似乎发生了适应性变化。对于新阴道性功能的评价绝大多数研究都选用了女性性功能指数(female sexual function index,FSFI)。涉及生殖功能的报道目前还很少。结论对于解剖形态及术后功能的评价目前缺乏一个明确的标准或统一的共识。采用何种方法重建阴道应结合患者的情况,多学科团队合作,根据经验做出最适合的选择。     

乙状结肠阴道成形术治疗MRKH综合征

目的 评估乙状结肠阴道成形术治疗Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser（MRKH）综合征的可行性。方法 对32例乙状结肠阴道成形术患者的技术参数、手术及术后并发症、术后阴道解剖学及功能学指标进行分析。结果 手术时间130～180min；术后Hb下降15～33g／L；术中并发直肠损伤1例，术后并发腹部刀口感染1例、泌尿系统感染1例；住院时间9～22d；成形阴道长度10～12cm、宽度≥2指（约4cm）。术后0．5a阴道分泌物明显减少。24例有规律性生活者，术后0．5～1a基本满意。结论 乙状结肠阴道成形术是治疗MRKH综合征的有效方法。     

腹腔镜下腹膜代阴道治疗先天性无阴道的疗效分析

目的探讨腹腔镜下腹膜代阴道手术治疗先天性无阴道的可行性和疗效.方法对4例先天性无阴道患者采用腹腔镜下腹膜代阴道手术治疗.结果 4例患者手术均获成功,平均手术时间114 (90～160) min,手术后平均住院时间5.4 (5～6) d,无手术及术后并发症发生.结论腹腔镜下腹膜代阴道手术是一种安全、微创、疗效满意的手术方式.     

Cervicovaginal agenesis: spontaneous gestation at term after previous reimplantation of the uterine corpus in a neovagina: Case Report

We present an exceptional case of a patient with complete cervical atresia and total vaginal aplasia. After McIndoe vaginoplasty, cervicoitsmic resection with implantation and reimplantation of the uterine corpus in the neovagina, and conservative surgery for endometriosis, the patient had normal menstruations and became pregnant spontaneously. A Caesarean section was performed at week 36. This is the third published case report of a successful spontaneous pregnancy and Caesarean section at term in a patient with complete cervicovaginal aplasia, and the first published case study of a patient becoming pregnant after McIndoe vaginoplasty, cervicoistmic resection and utero-neovaginal anastomosis. Gestation developed successfully without cerclage. We recommend conservative surgery in patients with congenital cervical atresia. McIndoe vaginoplasty should be performed as soon as possible in adolescence if there is associated vaginal aplasia. Nevertheless, fibrotic stenosis can occur, even after several years and, therefore, additional operations and uterine reimplantation may be required.     

苯甲酸雌二醇对腹腔镜下腹膜阴道成形术后阴道上皮的影响

目的 观察苯甲酸雌二醇对腹腔镜下腹膜阴道成形术后阴道上皮的影响。方法 将2003年1月至2011年3月在邢台市人民医院行腹腔镜腹膜阴道成形术的40例患者随机分成实验组与对照组,每组各20例。实验组于人工成形的阴道内涂抹苯甲酸雌二醇软膏,每日1.5g,连用3个月;对照组不用任何雌激素类药物。结果 术后3个月阴道长度实验组为(9.1±0.4)cm,对照组为(9.0±0.6)cm,两组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);但实验组阴道弹性好,并发症发生率低。实验组术后3个月阴道涂片结果为:可见大量复层鳞状上皮细胞,少量炎症细胞,阴道细胞成熟指数[Vaginalexfoliatecellmaturationindex,MI(%)]为(50.2±10.5)。对照组为:可见中等炎症细胞,少许鳞状上皮细胞。结论 苯甲酸雌二醇应用于腹腔镜腹膜阴道成形术后可增加阴道上皮弹性,促进人工阴道鳞状上皮化,减少并发症。