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目的探讨择优转编机制对合同制护士付出-获得不平衡(the effort-reward imbalance, ERI)状况的影响,为稳定护理队伍提供参考依据。方法在实施择优转编机制前后,采用ERI量表对348名合同制护士进行调查。结果择优转编后,合同制护士获得维度评分及职业的满意度和工作安全性评分均高于择优转编前;ERI比例低于择优转编前,差异具有统计学意义(均P〈0.001或P〈0.05)。结论实施择优转编机制提高了合同制护士的职业安全感与归属感,降低了合同制护士的ERI状况,有利于稳定护理队伍,提高护理队伍的竞争力与活力。  相似文献   
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Neural correlates of unfairness perception depend on who is the target of the unfair treatment. These previous findings suggest that the activation of medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) is related to unfairness perception only when the subject of the measurement is also the person affected by the unfair treatment. We aim at demonstrating the specificity of MPFC involvement using transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), a technique that induces cortical excitability changes in the targeted region. We use a modified version of the Ultimatum Game, in which responders play both for themselves (myself—MS condition) and on behalf of an unknown third-party (TP condition), where they respond to unfairness without being the target of it. We find that the application of cathodal tDCS over MPFC decreases the probability of rejecting unfair offers in MS, but not in TP; conversely, the same stimulation increases the probability of rejecting fair offers in TP, but not in MS. We confirm the hypothesis that MPFC is specifically related to processing unfairness when the self is involved, and discuss possible explanations for the opposite effect of the stimulation in TP.  相似文献   
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Minamata disease (MD) is a neurological disorder caused by eating seafood contaminated with methylmercury, first identified in 1956 in Japan. However, reports of ill health related to MD increased sharply following a ruling by the Supreme Court in 2004. We performed logistic regression analyses to examine the relationship between MD specific socioeconomic status (MD status) and health inequalities amongst residents of Shiranui sea communities. Data were collected by two‐stratified sampling of residents 40–79 years old in 172 postal code areas on the Shiranui sea coast. A questionnaire was distributed to eligible subjects (n = 2100) and collected at a later visit or by mail. Two self‐reported health outcomes were examined: MD‐related physical symptoms (MDRS) and the 12‐item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ‐12). We classified the 1546 respondents according to MD status: Early and Recent (received MD compensation before and after the Supreme Court decision, respectively) and Not Yet (yet to receive compensation). Adjusting for confounding factors, Early and Recent was significantly associated with elevated MDRS and GHQ‐12 compared with Not Yet. After further adjusting for perception of unfairness, the inequality between Early and Recent was reduced. Efforts to improve the population's health in these areas should consider health effects of MD status and perception of unfairness. Copyright ? 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   
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Santinello M  Vieno A  De Vogli R 《Headache》2009,49(3):366-374
Background.— The impact of perceived teacher unfairness on headache incidence has previously been insufficiently investigated. Objective.— The aims of the study are to analyze the prevalence of headache among Italian early adolescents as well as to examine the role of perceived teacher unfairness and classmate social support in predicting this health outcome. Methods.— Data were taken from the “Health Behaviour in School Aged Children,” a cross‐sectional survey investigating health behaviors among early adolescents in selected European countries. Headache, perceived teacher unfairness, and classmate social support were measured through a self‐administered questionnaire filled out by a representative sample of 4386 (48.4% males) Italian students (11, 13, and 15 years old). Covariates included demographic characteristics (age, gender) and socioeconomic status (parental educational attainment), and other confounding psychological factors (eg, family empowerment, bullying). Results.— Prevalence of frequent headaches (at least once a week) was about 40%. Girls were more likely to report frequent headaches compared with boys. Prevalence of frequent headaches increased with age. After adjusting for age and gender, teacher unfairness showed a significant association with frequent headache (P < .001). This relationship remained significant even after additional adjustment for several psychosocial factors. Classmate social support seems to act as a protective factor, but not as a buffering mechanism against the negative effects of teacher unfairness. Conclusions.— Italian early adolescents show a quite high prevalence of frequent headache. Results show that characteristics of the school setting, such as teacher unfairness and classmate social support, can be significant predictors of frequent headache among early adolescents. Longitudinal research is needed to delineate causal relationships between school factors and recurrent headache.  相似文献   
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People expect to be treated equivalently as others in like circumstances. The present study investigated that whether and how equal or unequal treatments of others in like circumstances affected individuals’ responses to unfairness through justifying their reference points for fairness considerations. Twenty-five participants were scanned while they were playing an adapted version of the Ultimatum Game as responders. During the experiment, the participant was not only informed of the offer given by her/his proposer but also informed of the division scheme of another proposer–responder pair. It turned out that participants were more likely to accept unequal offers and reported higher fairness ratings when other responders received unequal offers compared with equal offers. Stronger bilateral anterior insula and dorsal anterior cingulate gyrus activities were observed when only participants (but not other responders) received equal offers, whereas greater right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex activity was found when both of them received unequal offers, especially when participants accepted the unequal offers. Taken together, the results demonstrated that whether others in like circumstances were offered equally also plays an important role in responders’ fairness-related social decision making.  相似文献   
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大学英语课堂教学的公平性是大学生享受教育公平的重要体现。文章调查了大学英语课堂教学的不公平现象及其具体表现,分析了引起大学英语课堂教学不公平的原因,并提出了解决大学英语课堂教学不公平的措施。  相似文献   
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Socialising with higher‐status individuals can be hypothesised to exert opposing influences on the mental health of the ego. On the one hand, socialising with higher‐status alters might enable individuals to access valuable resources. On the other hand, status‐discrepant friendships could be detrimental to mental health by engendering feelings of unfairness. We sought to examine the impact of status‐discrepant social relationships on depressive symptoms in the 2012 Korean General Social Survey (KGSS), a nationally representative sample. We show that socialising with higher‐status people is positively associated with depressive symptoms. There is no significant difference between those socialising with equivalent‐status or with lower‐status alters. Perceived unfairness also increase depressive symptoms. Respondents socialising with higher‐status alters tend to report greater depressive symptoms as their perceived unfairness increases. Gender‐stratified analyses reveal that the detrimental impact of status‐discrepant relationships are observed for men only, not for women. These findings suggest that socialising with higher‐status people can be a net detriment for mental wellbeing by increasing stress/frustration or decreasing psychological resources such as self‐esteem, and that these effects are more pronounced for individuals who perceive that society is unfair. This pattern appears stronger for men, which might be associated with gender roles internalised through gender socialisation processes.  相似文献   
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目的探讨青年群体社会不公平感与情绪症状的关系,及情绪症状对社会不公感的影响。方法研究以562名青年职员和大学生群体的问卷调查为基础,使用自编的社会不公平感问卷及症状自评量表(SCL-90),分别评估社会不公平感与情绪症状,采取相关与分层回归对数据进行分析。结果大学生群体的社会公平感与情绪症状联系较少,但青年职员群体较多,如抑郁(r=0.27,P0.01),焦虑(r=0.20,P0.01),情绪症状及是否是已工作因素对社会公平感有显著影响(抑郁,t=3.722,P0.001,工作因素t=2.655,P0.01)。结论青年职员群体的社会公平感与消极情绪关系更为密切,社会不公平感的产生存在非心理痛苦的路径。  相似文献   
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