经皮电刺激联合导乐镇痛对分娩结局的影响及安全性分析

目的 探讨经皮电刺激联合导乐分娩镇痛对分娩结局的影响及安全性。方法 选择160例在我院住院待产的产妇作为研究对象,随机将其分为观察组与对照组,每组各80例;其中对照组予导乐分娩镇痛,观察组给予经皮电刺激联合导乐分娩镇痛。观察比较两组的VAS评分、产程时间、产后出血、剖宫产率、产妇满意度、新生儿情况、不良反应发生情况等。结果 与镇痛前比较,观察组镇痛后各时间段VAS评分降低,P＜0.05;与对照组比较,观察组的产后2 h出血量、剖宫产率降低,产妇满意度提高,P＜0.05。结论 经皮电刺激联合导乐镇痛可减轻产妇痛苦,降低剖宫产率,减少产后出血,提高产妇满意度,且无明显不良反应,值得在临床上推广应用。     

急性重型脑损伤患者脑组织氧代谢监测及意义

目的　探讨对急性重型脑损伤患者行脑组织氧代谢监测的临床意义。　方法对2 8例急性重型脑损伤患者 (均在全麻下急诊行血肿清除术和 (或 )去骨瓣减压术 )术中及术后持续进行脑组织氧代谢监测 ,观察脑组织氧分压 (PbtO2 )、二氧化碳分压 (PbtCO2 )和pH值 (pHbt)的变化。　结果　 (1) 2 8例脑外伤患者在剪开硬脑膜后PbtO2 、pHbt分别从 (13± 4 )mmHg、(6 .96± 0 .15 )增加至 (2 1± 5 )mmHg、7.0 5± 0 .12 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,PbtCO2 从 (6 1± 6 )mmHg下降至 (5 3± 5 )mmHg(P <0 .0 5 )。(2 )其中 2 4例脑外伤患者在血肿清除后 ,PbtO2 、pHbt值分别从 (2 1± 4 )mmHg、7.0 5± 0 .11增加至 (2 8± 6 )mmHg、7.15± 0 .10 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,PbtCO2 从 (5 2± 6 )mmHg下降至 (4 5± 4 )mmHg(P <0 .0 5 )。 (3)PbtO2 <10mmHg持续 30min以上的患者预后差。　结论　 (1)脑组织氧代谢监测是一种安全、可靠的监测手段 ,能直接动态反映脑组织的病理生理变化 ,及时发现脑组织缺血缺氧 ,以指导治疗。 (2 )持续进行脑组织氧代谢监测可判断重型脑外伤患者的预后。     

单道感应式人工耳蜗装置的研制

感应式人工耳蜗装置将声音信息转变并处理为适当的电信号之后,采用电磁感应的方式将此信号送至植入全聋患者内耳耳蜗靠近听神经纤维的作用电极上,刺激神经发放冲动,使全聋患者恢复音感。本装置经临床全聋患者使用,取得较满意效果。     

Reflex sympathetic dystrophy in childhood: A case report

A case report is presented of a 15-year-old girl with reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD). She was referred to hospital because of left upper limb pain. Her left upper limb was cold, edematous and blue with a limited active range of movement. The serum concentration of noradrenaline was lower on the painful side than on the healthy side, and neurotropin, which has an antinociceptive effect to hyperalgesia, was clearly effective. Early diagnosis and management is essential in the treatment of RSD and administration of neurotropin is a useful and non-invasive treatment without severe adverse effects.     

经皮胆红素测量仪在早期正常新生儿黄疸监测中的应用

目的 :探讨经皮胆红素测量仪对早期新生儿黄疸动态观测及不同部位在动态观测中的实用价值。方法 :本院产科 2 0 0 2年 2月～ 2 0 0 3年 4月出生 ,连续监测 5 d～ 7d的正常足月新生儿 174例。采用国产 JD- 1型经皮黄疸仪 ,生后第 1天开始每日晨间沐浴前进行测量 ,每次测量 4个部位 :前额眉间部 ,胸骨中部 ,小腿外侧中部 ,足心前 2 / 3部。结果 :测量值最高读数为 2 2 ,最低读数为 5 ,以额部读数 15为界定值判断黄疸发生率为 86 %。额部、胸部、小腿每日读数平均值从出生第 1天起逐渐上升 ,第 5天达高峰 ,而后缓慢下降。各部位读数第 90百分位数峰值依次为 19.75、18.97、16 .35、11.93。结论 :经皮胆红素测量仪对早期新生儿黄疸动态观测有良好的临床应用价值。额部黄疸出现最早 ,较适合于研究新生儿黄疸发生率 ;胸部曲线与额部平行 ,易于操作 ,重复性好 ,可作为测量的主要部位 ;小腿外侧中部可观测黄疸程度 ,了解新生儿高胆红素血症的发生情况     

经皮电针对背根节慢性压迫模型大鼠相应腰髓节段GFAP和5-HT阳性神经元的影响和与疼痛的关系

目的研究经皮电针对背根节慢性压迫模型(CCD)大鼠相应腰髓节段神经胶质原纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)和血清素(5-HT)的影响和与疼痛的关系。方法选用雄性Wistar大鼠42只,随机分为3组:A正常对照组(6只),B背根节慢性压迫模型组(18只),C经皮电针治疗背根节慢性压迫模型组(18只),其中从B、C组各挑选基础痛域基本相似的6只大鼠,隔日进行痛域的测定,并于2周同A组随机选出的2只大鼠共同进行免疫组织化学染色。其余28只分别于术后2 d,1周进行免疫组织化学染色。选取大鼠相应L4-L6脊髓阶段组织,进行GFAP和5-HT的特异性染色。结果①痛域变化:造模第2天开始出现痛敏,且痛域与术后时间呈负相关,C组经TENS治疗6 d后,痛域比B组有显著性的增加;②免疫组织化学染色结果:2 d时,B、C组GFAP和5-HT阳性神经元较A组显著性的增加;1和2周时,B组较A、C组GFAP和5-HT阳性神经元数均显著性的增加,C组较A组相比均无显著性的差异。结论GFAP和5-HT阳性神经元的活化率的减少可能是经皮神经电刺激(TENS)降低CCD模型疼痛的可能机制之一,且GFAP和5-HT阳性神经元之间可能存在相互激活作用。     

经皮穴位电刺激对粘连期肩关节周围炎的治疗作用

目的观察经皮穴位电刺激对粘连期肩周炎的治疗作用及与电针治疗的效应异同。方法采用规范化、标准化的诊断和疗效评价标准,明确和固定各治疗参数,以肩部疼痛和肩关节活动为观察指标,194例粘连期肩关节周围炎患者分别进行经皮穴位电刺激和电针治疗。结果经皮穴位电刺激对粘连期肩周炎的总有效率达到96·9%,电针刺激对粘连期肩周炎的总有效率达到97·9%,2组比较无明显差异;经皮穴位电刺激疗法不仅能有效止痛,对粘连期的肩关节活动障碍也有明显的改善作用。结论经皮穴位电刺激为治疗肩周炎有效、简便的疗法。     

A New Treatment for Epiphora Secondary to Submandibular Gland Transplantation: Transcutaneous Atropine Gel

PurposeTo explore whether topical application of atropine gel controls epiphora secondary to submandibular gland (SMG) transplantion for severe keratoconjunctivitis sicca.MethodsEighteen patients with epiphora after SMG transplantation participated in a double-blind, controlled, crossover study. Patients were treated with topical smear common atropine (CA) and modified atropine (MA) gels (intervals ≥1 day). The control effect of atropine gels was observed for 5 hours. Tear flow was quantified in resting and stimulated (after exercise) states using the Schirmer I test.ResultsWith the CA gel, tear flow decreased significantly at 10, 30, and 120 minutes. Average epiphora reduction rates (AERRs) were 22.37%, 18.14%, and 13.27%, respectively (P<.05). With the MA gel, tear flow decreased significantly from 5 minutes to 5 hours; AERRs increased from 24.06% to 42.67% (P<.05); Maximum efficacy was maintained from 15 minutes to 3 hours (P<.01); Tear flow gradually increased from 4 to 5 hours but was still lower than that before atropine use (P<.05). According to results of the Schirmer I test and AERRs, the control efficacy of the MA gel was significantly better than that of the CA gel (P<.05).ConclusionsTopical application of atropine gel could effectively control mild epiphora for patients with SMG transplantation for severe keratoconjunctivitis sicca. The efficacy of MA gel was much better than that of the CA gel.     

Effect of progressive muscular relaxation exercises versus transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on tension headache: A comparative study

Tension-type headache (TTH) is most frequent among all types of headaches. According to the International Headache Classification Subcommittee of the International Headache Society (2004), TTH occurs in 30–78% of the population. Progressive muscular relaxation exercises have been shown to reduce TTH, and home-based relaxation programmes can result in significant improvement in headaches. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is a method of electrical stimulation that primarily aims to provide a degree of symptomatic pain relief by exciting sensory nerves and stimulating either the pain gate mechanisms or the opioid systems. The objective of this study was to compare between the effects of progressive muscular relaxation exercises and TENS on pain intensity and stress in people with TTH. Thirty patients with TTH were allocated to either Group A or Group B. Group A practised progressive muscular relaxation exercise, whereas Group B received TENS. In the latter group, TENS electrodes were placed bilaterally either on the head at the site of pain or on the occiput. The treatment was carried out for 15 minutes a day, for 7 days. Patients were assessed for pain intensity (Visual Analogue Scale) and level of stress (Lakaev Academic Stress Response Scale) before and after the intervention period. The results showed that progressive muscular relaxation exercises were effective in reducing pain as well as stress (p < 0.001). TENS, by contrast, reduced stress significantly (p < 0.001), but not pain (p = 0.233). Between-group analysis revealed that there was no statistically significant difference in reduction of pain between the two groups (p = 0.595), but the amount of stress reduction in Group A (p = 0.002) was significantly more than that in Group B. In conclusion, progressive muscular relaxation exercises were more effective in reducing stress level than TENS in patients with TTH. The effect on pain reduction was similar between the two treatment methods.