足弓跖内侧注射中药治疗跟骨骨刺综合症

目的探索新的治疗跟骨骨剌综合症的疗法。方法利用中药在足跖内侧处高压快速注射封闭治疗。结果跟骨骨刺综合症的足跟痛得以缓解。结论利用中药在足跖内侧处高压快速注射封闭治疗可使跟骨骨刺综合症的足跟痛得以缓解。     

Therapy for a Healthy Sibling of a Child Diagnosed with Cancer: A Case Study

This article presents a case study for skills-directed intervention aiming to help healthy siblings of children with cancer control their emotions and gain self-control skills. Case study application of the intervention was with a boy aged 9 years and 8 months who had the verbal, cognitive, and motivational ability to learn and apply the skills. Intervention included the “Feeling Wheel” to enhance emotional identification, expression, understanding, acceptance, and control. Intervention also focused on teaching him to observe his automatic thoughts, change them to mediated ones, engage in internal dialogue, and seek/adopt alternative behaviors to gain self-control. In postintervention feedback, he reported less anxiety than previously, less inclination toward negative thinking, and more empowerment to deal with day-to-day difficulties he encountered.     

护理学生学业复原力与自我控制的相关性研究

目的 了解护理专业学生学业复原力及自我控制的现状,探讨两者之间的相关性,为解决护理专业学生心理和行为问题提供了理论依据,以提高护理学生的学业复原力与自制力水平。 方法 采用学业复原力量表和自我控制量表通过网络调查和现场派发形式对广州市4所高校的286名护理专业本科学生进行调查。 结果 护理专业学生学业复原力得分为(47.65±8.45)分,自我控制总分为(58.33±9.68)分,两者呈正相关,工作或学习表现及抵制诱惑是学业复原力的影响因素(F=40.735,R2=0.224)。 结论 护理专业学生的学业复原力和自我控制水平均处于中等水平,应针对具体因素提高学业复原力和自我控制水平,改善护生的心理健康状态。     

Heavy Smokers Perform More Poorly than Nonsmokers on a Simulated Task of Gambling

The Gambling Task (GT) has demonstrated sensitivity to a type of decision-making that differentiates individuals manifesting substance use disorders from those without such disorders. However, studies have not yet compared the GT performance of “heavy smokers” to the performance of never-smokers. In the present study, the GT performance of “heavy smokers” (n = 39) and never-smokers (n = 32) recruited from the community was compared in an experimental design. Analysis of covariance showed that “heavy smokers” performance on the GT was significantly worse than that of never-smokers (p < .01). Implications, the study's limitations and future directions are discussed.     

肝胆手术后持续静脉自控镇痛患者的护理与效果分析

目的 评价术后持续静脉自控镇痛(PCIA)的护理效果.方法 选择108例肝胆手术患者为研究对象.观察组56例患者,使用PCIA,辅以综合护理;对照组52例患者,术后使用传统肌内注射止痛剂,辅以常规护理.比较二组镇痛效果、并发症及满意度.结果 观察组镇痛有效率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(96.42 ％vs82.69％,P＜0.05).观察组术后各个时间点的VAS评分明显低于术前(P＜0.001),也显著低于同期对照组评分(P＜0.001).观察组并发症发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(5.36％vs21.15％,x2=5.9634,P=0.0146).观察组满意度明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(98.21％ vs 84.62％,P＜0.05).结论 在PCIA过程中进行综合护理,可有效缓解患者术后疼痛感,减少并发症,并提高满意度.     

不同剂量地佐辛与芬太尼配伍对腰椎手术患者自控静脉镇痛的影响

目的：观察不同剂量的地佐辛与芬太尼配伍对腰椎手术后患者自控静脉镇痛应激反应的影响。方法选择医院2013年1月-2015年1月行腰椎手术患者100例,随机分为5组各20例。根据镇痛药物用量不同分为：芬太尼（ F）组为芬太尼18μg/Kg,配伍1（ DF1）组为地佐辛0.3mg/Kg Q芬太尼12μg/Kg,配伍2（ DF2）组为地佐辛0.45mg/Kg Q芬太尼9μg/Kg,配伍3（DF3）组为地佐辛0.6mg/Kg Q芬太尼6μg/Kg,地佐辛（D）组为地佐辛0.9mg/Kg,每组泵中均加入昂丹司琼8mg和0.9%氯化钠溶液共配制成100ml,各组背景输注速率2ml/h。于术后2h、6h、12h、24h及48h采用视觉模拟评分法（ VAS评分）评价镇痛效果,并于入手术室后10min及术后2h、6h、24h采集静脉血测定血糖（ Glu）及血浆皮质醇（ Cor）、肾上腺素（ E）和去甲肾上腺素（ NE）的浓度。结果与F、D组比较,DF1、DF2、DF3组术后2h、6h、12h及24h VAS评分和术后2h、6h及24h Glu、血浆Cor、E、NE浓度均降低（ P<0.05或0.01）;与DF1和DF3组比较,DF2组术后2h、6h、12h及24h VAS评分和术后2h、6h和24h Glu、血浆Cor、E、NE浓度降低（ P<0.05）。结论地佐辛与芬太尼不同剂量配伍 PCIA镇痛效果及减轻术后应激反应作用均优于二者单独应用,且以配伍2（ DF2）组应激反应最低。     

Impulsive versus reflective influences on health behavior: a theoretical framework and empirical review

Abstract

Often, health behavior seems to be governed not only by reasoned attitudes and goal-directed behavior but also by impulsive influences. The notion of a conflict between reflective and impulsive processing which is incorporated in prominent dual-system accounts (e.g., Metcalfe & Mischel, 1999 Metcalfe, J. and Mischel, W. 1999. A hot/cool system analysis of delay of gratification: Dynamics of willpower. Psychological Review, 106: 3–19. [Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]; Strack & Deutsch, 2004 Strack, F. and Deutsch, R. 2004. Reflective and impulsive determinants of social behavior. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 8: 220–247. [Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]) may yield important benefits for the understanding and prediction of health-related behavior. In this article, we suggest a basic framework for the prediction of health-related behavior which combines (a) reflective influences (as measured via self-report), (b) impulsive influences (as measured via implicit measures), and (c) situational or dispositional moderators that shift the weight between reflective and impulsive influences. The practical utility of such a framework is demonstrated by drawing on recent evidence from several areas of health psychology such as eating, drinking, drug abuse, and sexual behavior. Implications for the understanding of health behavior and applied health interventions are discussed.     

Individualism-Collectivism,Social Self-Control and Adolescent Substance Use and Risky Sexual Behavior

Individualism and collectivism are cultural syndromes that have been associated with adolescent problem behavior in studies conducted in the U.S. and Southeast Asia. However, research investigating the mechanisms of how cultural orientation impacts health risk behaviors has been limited. This study tested a new model explaining the relationship between cultural orientation (i.e., individualism, collectivism) and adolescent problem behavior (i.e., substance use and risky sex) in terms of interpersonal self-regulation (i.e., social self-control). As such, the study is rooted in theories of the role of culture in developing self-regulation. Participants were high school students (N = 716) from the Bashkirtostan Republic of the Russian Federation. Adolescents from the Russian Federation tend to show high prevalence of cigarette smoking and binge drinking. People of the Russian Federation in general are traditionally collectivist in orientation, although increased globalization and post-Soviet capitalism may indicate high individualist values in younger generation Russians. Using path analysis we found that in addition to having direct effects, higher individualism indirectly affected substance use and risky sexual behavior through social self-control and negative life events. Higher collectivism was found to have a direct protective effect on risky sexual behavior and a direct effect on social self-control. However, collectivism was not found to have indirect effects on substance use or risky sexual behavior. Higher individualism appears to function as a risk factor for adolescent problem behavior and this relationship may be mediated by lower social self-control. Culturally-tailored prevention programs utilizing the individualism-collectivism framework may benefit from addressing social self-control.     

腹膜透析患者自我调节疲劳与生活质量的纵向研究

目的 探讨腹膜透析患者不同阶段自我调节疲劳及生活质量的动态变化,并分析二者相关性。方法 采用便利抽样法,使用自行设计的患者一般资料调查表、自我调节疲劳量表、肾脏病专用生活质量简表对150例腹膜透析患者在置管后1、3、6、12个月时对其开展追踪调查。结果 患者生活质量处于中等偏低水平且呈逐步下降趋势,自我调节疲劳程度处于中等偏高且呈逐渐上升趋势。置管后1、3、6、12个月患者自我调节疲劳与生活质量呈负相关（均P＜0.05）。结论 腹膜透析患者自我调节疲劳及生活质量呈动态变化,自我调节疲劳水平越低时,其生活质量越高。医护人员应重视患者不同阶段的自我调节疲劳水平,实施个性化的干预指导,降低自我控制资源损耗程度,以提高患者生活质量。