中西医结合护理干预妊娠晚期合并急性单纯性阑尾炎患者的临床观察

目的:探讨中西医结合护理干预妊娠晚期合并急性单纯性阑尾炎的临床疗效。方法:将2017 年9 月—2018 年12月于我院接受中西医结合保守治疗的31 例妊娠晚期合并急性单纯性阑尾炎患者作为研究对象，按随机数表法随机分为中西医结合护理组(观察组16 例)与常规护理组(对照组15 例)，对照组采取常规护理措施，观察组在对照组的基础上增加中西医结合护理措施，对比两组患者的临床疗效。结果:观察组患者的心理状态变化、新生儿体质状况以及临床疗效等指标等情况均明显优于对照组，且组间对比差异显著有统计学意义(P ＜ 0.05)。结论:中西医结合护理对妊娠晚期合并急性单纯性阑尾炎有较好的临床效果，可减少、甚至避免孕妇因合并急性阑尾炎而造成的打击和创伤。     

细节护理对尿毒症血液透析患者的效果研究

目的针对尿毒症血液透析患者护理工作中应用护理细节对其生存质量和并发症的作用予以分析和研究。方法 2017年6月-2018年12月选择本院收治的90例尿毒症透析患者作为研究对象,按照硬币法将所有人随机分为两组,其中常规组45例,细节组45例。采用常规护理对常规组予以护理,在常规护理的基础上,采用细节护理干预措施对细节组予以护理。对两组患者的护理效果进行分析和比较。结果在SF-36评分方面,两组患者护理前比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),护理后,细节组明显优于常规组(P<0.05)。在并发症发生率方面,细节组明显低于常规组(P<0.05)。结论采用细节护理干预措施对尿毒症血液透析患者进行护理效果很好,患者的生存质量经过护理后具有很大改善,且并发症也明显减少。     

心电图短P-R间期观测研究

目的：探讨和鉴别心电图短Ｐ－Ｒ间期的产生原因，为临床诊断、治疗提供依据。方法：检测１１５例受检者的常规导联心电图（ＲＬＥＣＧ）、头胸导联心电图（ＨＣＥＣＧ）、食管导联心电图（ＥＬＥＣＧ），对其中５５例临床可疑心律失常和ＲＬＥＣＧ示短Ｐ－Ｒ间期者行食管心房调搏电生理检查。结果：①Ｐ波出现率和振幅均值比较ＥＬＥＣＧ＞ＨＣＥＣＧ＞ＲＬＥＣＧ（Ｐ＜０．０１），出现率分别为１００％、９５％、９１％。②ＨＣＥＣＧＰ－Ｒ段均值（Ｐ＜０．０１）及变异系数＜ＲＬＥＣＧ。③ＲＬＥＣＧ波幅低、图形多变是产生心电图短Ｐ－Ｒ间期的主要原因。结论：作为无创伤性检查方法，ＨＣＥＣＧ和ＥＬＥＣＧ可以对短Ｐ－Ｒ间期者进行初步筛选，而经食管心房调搏能检测ＥＣＧ短Ｐ－Ｒ间期的电生理特性，对鉴别诊断有肯定价值。     

Upper and lower body functional asymmetries in the newborn: Do they have the same lateral biases?

It is still an open question as to whether functional asymmetries in the human newborn derive from a single lateralized system or multiple subsystems based on different neural mechanisms. In the present study, asymmetries in head turning were compared to those in leg movements during stepping and placing, with the latter also being related to differences in leg mass. The effects of an active versus an inactive state or condition were examined for all three behaviors. No overall lateral biases were found for head turning or for the first foot to move in stepping and placing, and there were no concordances among them; however, there was an asymmetry in that the left foot had a shorter onset latency when compared to the right foot for both stepping and placing. Findings are discussed in terms of what they imply about underlying neural systems that have a bearing on expressions of newborn laterality, and also with regard to the impact of methodological differences in this area of study.     

Fusion of vestibular and podokinesthetic information during self-turning towards instructed targets

When observers step about their vertical axis ("active turning") without vision they dispose of essentially two sources of information that can tell them by how much they have turned: the vestibular cue which reflects head rotation in space and the "podokinesthetic" cue, a compound of leg proprioceptive afferents and efference copy signals which reflects the observer's motion relative to his support. We ask how these two cues are fused in the process leading to the perception of self-displacement during active turning. To this end we compared the performance of observers in three angular navigation tasks which differed with regard to the number and type of available motion cues: (1) Passive rotation, vestibular cue ( ves) only; observers are standing on a platform which is being rotated. (2) Treadmill stepping, podokinesthetic cue ( pod) only; observers step counter to the rotating platform so as to remain stable in space. (3) Active turning, ves and pod available; observers step around on the stationary platform. In all three tasks, angular velocity varied from trial to trial (15, 30, 60 degrees /s) but was constant during trials. Perception was probed by having the observers signal when they thought to have reached a previously instructed angular displacement, either in space or relative to the platform ("target"; range 60-1080 degrees ). Performance was quantified in terms of the targeting gain (displacement reached by the observer divided by target angle) and of the random error ( E(r)), which records an observer's deviation during single trials from his average performance. Confirming previous observations, E(r) was found to be significantly smaller during active turning than during passive turning, and we now complement these observations by showing that it is also significantly smaller than during treadmill stepping. This behaviour of E(r) is compatible with the idea that ves and pod be averaged during active turning. On the other hand, the observed characteristics of the targeting gain ( G(T)) support this idea only for the case of fast rotations (60 degrees /s); at lower velocities, the gain found during active turning was clearly not the average of the G(T) values recorded in the passive and the treadmill modes. We therefore also discuss alternative scenarios as to how ves and pod could interact, among these one based on the concept of a vestibular eigenmodel. A common denominator of these scenarios is that ves assumes the role of a prerequisite for an optimal use of pod during turning on a stationary support, without itself entering the calculation of displacement perception; this perception would be based exclusively on pod. Finally, it was a consistent observation that during passive rotations cognitive mechanisms fill in for the decaying vestibular signal in the context of the present navigation task, enabling observers to achieve large displacements surprisingly well although the duration of these movements exceeds by far the conventionally cited value of the central vestibular time constant (=20 s).     

血常规参数RDW在肝纤维化诊断中的价值

目的初步探讨病毒性肝炎患者的红细胞分布宽度（RDW）、平均红细胞体积（MCV）、平均血小板体积（MPV）、血小板分布宽度（PDW）等四项血常规参数在肝纤维化诊断中的意义。方法303例病毒性肝炎患者分为急性肝炎（AH）组、慢性肝炎（CH）组、肝炎肝硬化（LC）组和重型肝炎（SH）组，对照组由16名健康人组成。采用全自动血细胞计麴仪检测所有被测试者的血常规参数，并同期对其中179例患者采用放射免疫法检测其血清透明质酸（HA）和层粘蛋白（LN）水平、采用彩色多普勒超声仪测量其脾脏的长径（SPL）及厚度（SPT），研究上述指标之间的相互关系。结果CH组、LC组和SH组患者的RDW均显著高于对照组，CH组、LC组的MCV显著高于对照组，MPV和PDW在各病毒性肝炎组与对照组之间无显著性差异：病毒性肝炎患者的RDW与其HA、LN、SPT、SPL成显著直线正相关。结论RDW对慢性肝炎肝纤维化的诊断有一定的临床价值。     

An Attempt to Elk it Cardiac Orienting and Defense Responses in the Newborn to Two Types of Facial Stimulation

Cardiac and behavioral reactivity of the human newborn to facial stimulation eliciting approach and escape responses were compared in order to test the distinction between cardiac orienting and defensive reactions. Each infant received 8 trials each of check stimulation (stroking near the mouth) and ear stimulation (pinch on the ear lobe). HR response to both tactile stimuli were accelerations of different amplitude when motor responses were also present. When no overt behavioral response was observed, stroking on the check elicited cardiac deceleration while ear stimulation again elicited acceleration. Thus, cardiac orienting was demonstrated in newborns when a rooting stimulus was presented that did not elicit overt head turning. The HR response to ear stimulation on trials unaccompanied by observed movements was a larger acceleration than to cheek stimulation when movement was present. This finding suggests that movement itself does not produce the observed HR increase, but rather that central processing of the signal value of the stimulus determines both overt and cardiac responding.     

Papillomavirus and cervical cancer: a clinical and laboratory study

It is now widely accepted that HPV types 16, 18, 31, and 33 are associated with the development of high grade intraepithelial neoplasia and malignant lesions in the cervix. On this basis, the identification of HPV types in cervical scrape samples has been advocated as a supplement to cytological screening tests. However, little is known of the distribution of the virus at different sites in the lower female genital tract or of how this distribution may change during the natural course of HPV infection. In this survey, HPV DNA dot hybridizations and, in some instances, Southern blot hybridizations with mixed HPV 6/11 and 16/18 probes were undertaken to detect HPV DNA in cervical scrapes and biopsies of the cervix, vagina, and vulva. A total of 92 women attending a Sydney hospital were screened: 59 of these patients had cervical disease, either invasive cervical carcinoma (CaCx) or cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), grades I-III. A group of 33 women who lacked evidence of cervical abnormalities served as controls. HPV DNA, predominantly type 16/18, was detected in the cervical biopsies of 96% of the CaCx patients, 80% of the CIN III patients, and 65% of the CIN I-II patients. In contrast only 9% of the cervical biopsies from the control group contained detectable HPV 6, 11, 16, or 18 DNA. A high proportion of the women with cervical abnormalities had evidence of concurrent vaginal and/or vulval papillomavirus involvement. The significance of these findings for routine screening and subsequent management of patients with HPV-associated cervical disease is discussed.     

阴道分泌物对尿常规临床检验结果的影响分析及应对措施

目的探讨尿常规临床检验中阴道分泌物对检测结果的影响。方法选取2019年3月—2020年1月我院收治64例妇科疾病患者,随机均分为观察组及对照组,每组32例。给予对照组患者常规尿液收集,观察组患者采用试验法进行尿液收集,对比观察两组患者尿中红细胞、白细胞、上皮细胞及尿蛋白检出率以及尿糖、pH值及尿蛋白质值等指标。结果两组患者尿液中红细胞(χ²=4.010,P=0.045)、上皮细胞(χ²=4.730,P=0.030)、尿蛋白(χ²=4.010,P=0.045)检出率比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),白细胞检出率比较(χ²=0.350,P=0.554)差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组尿糖(t=15.031,P=0.000)、蛋白质(t=7.334,P=0.000)、pH值(t=16.724,P=0.000)比较中差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论阴道分泌物会对尿常规检查结果产生影响,使用试验法进行尿液收集可有效去除阴道分泌物,减少对结果的干扰。     

小儿手足口病行综合护理的效果

目的分析综合护理对促进小儿手足口病病情恢复的效果观察。方法手足口病患儿作为本次研究的主要对象,总例数(选取人数)200例,患者收取时间在2018年10月-2019年10月,研究对象200例使用电脑随机分配方式分为两组,其中100例作为观察组(实施综合护理)、100例作为对照组(实施常规护理),将两组的口腔糜烂愈合时间、住院时间、皮疹消退时间、家属焦虑评分和抑郁评分进行比较。结果观察组手足口病患儿护理后口腔糜烂愈合时间、住院时间、皮疹消退时间显著优于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组患儿家属护理后焦虑(46.25±1.64)分、抑郁(52.03±1.21)分均低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论综合护理在小儿手足口病病情恢复中具有良好的护理效果。