儿童原发性腹膜后恶性肿瘤的诊断与治疗

分析原发性腹膜后恶性肿瘤１２例。８３％以腹块和腹痛为主要症状，体征中腹块占９１．５％，以恶性淋巴瘤居首位占６１％。全组完全切除率为５８％，行脏器联合切除占２５％。完全切除加放疗、化疗３年存活率为２８．５％，部分切除及活检未给其它治疗者５例预后差，均１年内死亡，差别显著。     

腹膜后脓肿的诊断和治疗

目的探讨腹膜后脓肿的病因,诊断和治疗。方法回顾性分析了1990-2004年诊断和治疗腹膜后脓肿33例的临床资料。结果急性坏死性胰腺炎后20例,胆囊切除胆总管探查术后4例,十二指肠损伤2例,阑尾穿孔3例,肾结石4例。超声检查确诊80%(20/25),CT检查确诊100%(22/22)。经腹部腹膜后脓肿切开置管引流25例,手术1~4次不等,后腰部切开引流8例。手术后并发应激性胃粘膜损伤致消化道出血7例,成人呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)5例,急性肾功能衰竭3例,死亡4例。治愈时间1~6个月,平均3.5个月。结论及时明确诊断,进行有效引流并加强营养支持是治疗成功的关键。     

原发性腹膜后肿瘤的CT诊断

目的探讨CT对原发性腹膜后肿瘤的诊断价值.方法回顾性分析18例经手术病理证实的原发性腹膜后肿瘤的CT表现.结果CT对肿瘤定位诊断的准确率为83.3%,对良恶性判断的准确率为77.8%,术前病理组织类型判断准确率为27.8%.结论CT对原发性腹膜后肿瘤定位诊断可靠,对良恶性预测具有帮助,对病理类型估计能提供线索,有助于鉴别诊断.     

RETROPERITONEAL SCHWANNOMA: A CASE SERIES AND REVIEW

Schwannomas account for only a small percentage of retroperitoneal tumours. Presentation is typically varied and non-specific and pre-operative diagnosis is difficult. Herein are described five cases of retroperitoneal schwannoma. Presentation was varied, ranging from abdominal pain, abdominal mass, obstructed labour or an incidental finding. All patients had either an abdominal computed tomography scan and/or ultrasound performed. Pre-operative biopsy either by fine needle aspiration (in one patient) or core biopsy in two patients was unhelpful. In four patients with smaller tumours, complete excision was possible with no apparent long-term morbidity and no clinical evidence of recurrent tumour with follow up from 3.5 months to 11 years. For the largest tumour, complete surgical excision was not attempted as it would have entailed significant morbidity.     

Advantages of using the midline incision right retroperitoneal approach for abdominal aortic aneurysm repair

This study was conducted to compare the midline incision right retroperitoneal approach for repairing abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) with the transperitoneal approach. The intra- and postoperative course of 15 patients who underwent AAA repair using the transperitoneal approach between 1987 and 1991 and another 15 patients who underwent AAA repair using the retroperitoneal approach between 1991 and 1994 were evaluated. The incidence of postoperative wound complications was also assessed. There was no operative or hospital death in either group. Although a significantly longer interval was required from the incision to the aortic clamp using the extraperitoneal method, there were no statistical differences in the aortic clamping time, total operation time, or blood loss between the two groups. On the other hand, there was a statistically significant improvement in bowel function and a significant reduction in the length of postoperative hospitalization following the extraperitoneal procedure. Furthermore, no wound complications such as those associated with the left flank incision developed after the extraperitoneal procedure. Thus, we recommend the midline incision right retroperitoneal approach for AAA as it does not involve muscle division and is associated with fewer complications.     

Laparoscopic partial nephrectomy for a renal tumor with tumor-feeding artery ligation: Left renal cell carcinoma in the posterior mid zone

The most serious problem regarding a laparoscopic partial nephrectomy is how to perform bloodless excision without causing renal ischemia in a limited working space. We report the case of a 65-year-old man with left small renal cell carcinoma in the posterior mid zone who underwent a laparoscopic partial nephrectomy through a retroperitoneal approach by carrying out the ligation of the tumor-feeding artery, but without clamping the renal pedicle. Both preoperative abdominal computed tomography (CT) and intraoperative ultrasonography revealed the tumor to be fully encapsulated. The tumor-feeding artery could be exposed by dissection from the renal hilum and, after an arterial ligation, tumor resection with a safety margin was smoothly performed with minimal bleeding. Postoperatively, CT revealed a limited defect of the renal parenchyma and excretory pyelography showed no urine leakage or urinary tract obstruction. The preoperative and postoperative creatinine levels were 0.66 and 0.69 mg/dL, respectively. As a result, a tumor-feeding artery ligation with a laparoscopic partial nephrectomy for left renal cell carcinoma in the posterior mid zone is considered to be an effective surgical modality which avoids renal ischemia and pelvic heat injury.     

后腹膜神经节细胞瘤的CT和MR诊断(附1例报告与文献复习)

目的分析后腹膜神经节细胞瘤的CT和MR表现。方法回顾性分析1例经手术证实的后腹膜神经节细胞瘤患者的肿瘤的CT和MR表现,并作文献复习。结果肿块边界清楚,CT平扫表现为均一的低密度,并且其中可以看见小点状钙化。增强扫描延迟期可见进行性不均一的强化。MRT2WI上呈不均一的高信号,T1WI上表现为低信号。增强MR扫描呈轻度强化。结论在后腹膜肿瘤的鉴别诊断中神经节细胞瘤是一种较少见的肿瘤,它常常表现为边界清的肿块,并且具有包绕周围大血管生长的倾向。CT平扫为低密度,增强扫描在CT和MR上均表现为延迟期进行性的增强。     

Recurrent retroperitoneal cystic lymphangioma

Retroperitoneal cystic lymphangioma is a rare congenital malformation. The majority of lymphangiomas are present at birth and nearly all present before the age of two years. We report a case of giant cystic retroperitoneal lymphangioma in a patient who first presented with symptoms at the age of 7, underwent surgery, and who then suffered a recurrent mass 11 years later.     

心腔内导管超声在腹膜后脏器显像中应用研究

目的通过动物实验评价心腔内导管超声探头对部分腹膜后脏器结构的显像效果，以及其用于腹膜后脏器显像的可行性。方法静脉鞘管引导心腔内导管超声探头进入下腔静脉，通过对8只实验犬部分腹膜后脏器的近距离超声成像，记录成像过程动物生理参数，观察其二维图像及彩色血流显像效果，并与常规经腹超声检查效果比较。结果实验前与腔内显像过程中犬的心率、动脉压、呼吸频率差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）；心腔内导管超声可清晰显示肾脏、肾上腺、大血管旁淋巴结等腹膜后脏器的二维细微结构及彩色血流分布，成像质量明显优于经腹切面的显示效果。结论采用心腔内导管超声观察腹膜后部分脏器的结构是安全可行的，成像质量明显优于经腹切面的显示效果，对肾上腺及其血供的显像尤为清晰。心腔内导管超声在腹膜后脏器显像方面有重要应用价值，为腹膜后脏器的超声检查提供了一种新方法。