Three cases of childhood nocturnal asthma due to buckwheat allergy

BACKGROUND: Buckwheat flour (BF) is known as a potent food allergen. Sensitization to it usually occurs by ingestion but also by inhalation in occupational or domestic exposure. Buckwheat chaff-stuffed pillows (BCP) can be contaminated with BF during the process of pilling, and many Korean children and adults use BCP for health reasons. METHODS AND RESULTS: We here present three cases of BF allergy in children using BCP, who had been treated as nonatopic asthmatics after undergoing the routine allergy skin tests and serologic tests. We took careful clinical histories, and performed skin prick tests (SPT), the radioimmunoassay (RIA) for specific IgE, the BCP-elimination test, the BF bronchial provocation test, and IgE Western blot. All three children showed positive skin reactions to BF, but none of them had positive reactions to house-dust mites. Nocturnal asthmatic symptoms were improved during 7 days of BCP elimination, and asthmatic responses were observed by bronchial provocation tests with homemade BF extract. Serum BF-specific IgE antibodies and several IgE-binding proteins were detected by RIA and Western blot analysis, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Thus, a small amount of BF attached to BCP can induce BF sensitization, and BCP should be considered a main cause of childhood nocturnal asthma in those asthmatics exposed to these pillows.     

矫形药枕治疗颈椎病临床研究

为观察矫形药枕治疗各型颈椎病的疗效,将200例颈椎病按来诊顺序随机分为两组,以针灸治疗为对照组,以针灸加药枕矫形治疗为观察组.结果显示两组资料经统计学处理,总有效率及治愈率均有明显差异(P＜0.01),具有非常显著意义.表明矫形药枕治疗颈椎病有确切疗效.     

腰麻术后患者去枕平卧和垫枕自由卧位效果比较

目的 探讨蛛网膜下腔麻醉(腰麻)患者术后垫枕自由卧位的可行性。 方法 将200例腰麻术后患者随机分为观察组和对照组,每组100例,观察组术后采取垫枕自由卧位,对照组术后采取常规去枕平卧位6h。结果 2组均未发生头痛;观察组不舒适率、皮肤受压及腰背酸痛发生率均低于对照组(χ²=67.307,P<0.001; χ²=7.446,P=0.006; χ²=42.017,P<0.001)。2组生命体征比较,差异无统计学意义。 结论 腰麻术后患者若无特殊医嘱或麻醉师交班时有明确要求,可予垫枕自由卧位,有利于提高患者舒适度,防止术后并发症的发生。     

自制改良水枕防止早产儿头颅变形的观察及护理

目的观察自制改良水枕在维持早产儿正确舒适的体位,减少头颅、耳廓变形的效果。方法2007年8月～2008年12月将胎龄30～32周,头颅耳廓无畸形、无血肿,无出血症状,使用温箱保暖的100例早产儿根据入院的单双日随机分为对照组和研究组,分别采用传统方法和使用自制改良水枕垫高头颈部,观察比较两组早产儿头颅、耳廓外观、呼吸频率及血氧饱和度改变,观察期为15d。结果两组早产儿头颅、耳廓外观变形存在差异,有统计学意义(P0.01);呼吸频率及血氧饱和度改变差异无意义(P0.05)。结论自制改良水枕可减少早产儿头颅和耳廓变形,从而促进其正常生理机能的发育。     

穴位按摩结合“U”形枕干预在老年视网膜脱离术后病人中的应用

目的:探讨穴位按摩结合“U”形枕干预在老年视网膜脱离术后病人中的应用效果。方法:按随机数字表法将2017年9月—2019年9月收治的118例老年视网膜脱离术后病人分为观察组和对照组各59例,对照组行常规干预,观察组行穴位按摩结合“U”形枕干预。采用Kolcaba舒适状况量表对两组病人干预前、干预3 d、7 d、14 d的体位舒适度进行评价,采用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表(PSQI)对两组干预前、干预14 d后睡眠质量进行评价。结果:观察组病人干预3 d、7 d、14 d体位舒适度评分均高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组病人干预14 d后睡眠质量、睡眠时间、睡眠紊乱、睡眠效率、入睡时间、催眠药物、日间功能障碍、总分均低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:对老年视网膜脱离术后病人实施穴位按摩结合“U”形枕干预可有效提升病人的舒适度,改善病人睡眠质量。     

额颞枕顶超大骨瓣减压术对幕上恶性脑梗塞的临床疗效研究

目的：评估额颞枕顶超大骨瓣减压术对幕上恶性脑梗塞（ supra－tentorial malignant in－farcts,STMBI）的临床疗效。方法：采用前瞻性研究的方法,将临床和放射学诊断为STMBI的患者分为手术组和对照组,比较两组的术后死亡率;随访1年后比较两组患者的格拉斯哥预后评分（ GOS）、Bar－thal指数。结果：本次研究共纳入共26例研究对象,其中手术组13例,对照组13例。术前两组年龄、GCS比较差异无统计学意义。随访1年结果显示,手术组和对照组1年生存率分别为为84．6％和69．2％（p＞0．05）。格拉斯哥预后评分（GOS）、Barthal 指数在手术组更好（p＜0．05）。结论：STMBI 患者早期行额颞枕顶超大骨瓣减压术与保守治疗相比,不仅降低了死亡率,还改善了预后。     

改良式腹水枕在肝硬化大量腹水患者中的应用

目的探讨改良式腹水枕在肝硬化大量腹水患者中的应用效果。方法选取2018年1-12月入院的肝硬化大量腹水患者120例,将其随机等分为对照组及试验组。两组均给予常规护理,对照组根据患者体位需要使用传统护理枕,试验组根据患者需要使用改良式腹水枕拆卸组装适应患者体位需求,且提供音乐播放功能。比较两组患者生活质量评分。结果试验组患者躯体、角色、认知、社会和总体健康评分高于对照组(P<0.05),疲倦、疼痛、气促、失眠、情绪、食欲丧失、经济困难评分低于对照组(P<0.05),两组恶心呕吐、便秘、腹泻评分比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论改良式腹水枕能缓解患者呼吸困难、腹部不适症状,提供合适腰部支撑,解除腰部肌肉痉挛,减轻疼痛、气促症状,纠正睡姿,提高睡眠质量。改良式腹水枕成本低,使用方便,值得临床推广应用。     

止鼾枕对阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者微觉醒、AHI以及血清中Th1、Th2细胞的影响

目的探讨止鼾枕对阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)患者微觉醒、AHI以及Th1、Th2细胞的影响。方法将本院门诊或住院处就诊的41例OSAHS患者和17例单纯打鼾患者纳入本研究。本研究分为3组,分别为对照组(单纯打鼾患者)17例、OSAHS组(未经止鼾枕矫正)19例和OSAHS+止鼾枕矫正组(经止鼾枕矫正2周)22例。采用多导睡眠监测患者整晚的睡眠情况,记录患者的微觉醒次数和睡眠呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI),运用流式细胞仪测定Th1和Th2细胞所占的比例。结果 3组受试者的年龄、性别比例以及BMI均无统计学差异(P0.05)。与对照组相比,OSAHS组患者的微觉醒次数显著增加(P0.05),AHI指数显著升高(P0.05),Th1细胞所占比例也大幅提升(P0.05),而Th2细胞所占比例则显著下降(P0.05)。与OSAHS组相比,OSAHS+止鼾枕组患者的微觉醒次数、AHI和Th1细胞所占比例均显著降低(P0.05)。结论 OSAHS患者微觉醒次数和AHI显著升高,体内Th1/Th2的平衡发生偏移,止鼾枕可以降低微觉醒次数和AHI的升高,并在一定程度上恢复Th1/Th2的动态平衡。     

电热药枕结合练功治疗胸腰椎压缩性骨折临床观察

目的　观察采用腰部垫电热药枕结合练功法治疗胸腰椎压缩性骨折的疗效。方法　将 88例胸腰椎压缩性骨折患者随机分为治疗组和对照组。治疗组 46例采用垫电热药枕结合练功治疗 ,对照组 42例单纯垫枕练功治疗。 1周后 ,对 2组疼痛疗效及远期临床疗效进行比较分析。结果　患者腰部疼痛疗效治疗组明显优于对照组 ,有极显著性差异(P <0 .0 1 )。随访 1～ 6年 ,治疗组远期临床疗效优良率 ( 89.1 3% )优于对照组 ( 76.1 9% ,P <0 .0 5 )。结论　腰部垫电热药枕结合练功法能迅速解除疼痛 ,使压缩椎体在短时间内复位 ,疗效确切 ,且安全、易行 ,适于基层医院应用     

Levels of house-dust-mite allergen in homes of nonallergic people in Pavia, Italy

BACKGROUND: HDM distribution varies between geographic areas and may be affected by housing characteristics. We quantified Der p 1 and Der f 1 and assessed the relationships between their levels and housing characteristics in homes of nonallergic subjects. METHODS: Der f 1 and Der p 1 were measured by ELISA in dust samples from living-room floors and mattresses of 44 homes of nonallergic subjects in Pavia. Information about household characteristics was obtained by questionnaire. RESULTS: Der p 1 and Der f 1 concentrations (microg/g dust, median) were 0.34 and 7.8 on mattresses, and 0.15 and 0.83 on living-room floors. Higher Der f 1 levels on mattresses were associated with synthetic pillows (P<0.05), and (only when expressed as microg/m2) with bedding washing temperature of < or = 60 degrees C (P<0.05). Der f 1 levels were higher on the living-room floors of homes located on lower (< or =first) floors (P<0.05). Good correlations were found between Der p 1 and Der f 1 expressed as microg/g dust and microg/m2 on both mattresses and living-room floors. CONCLUSIONS: In homes of nonallergic subjects in northern Italy, Der f 1 exceeded the threshold for sensitization in a high proportion of mattress samples.