法半夏罗汉果川贝枇杷膏与强力枇杷露药理作用的比较研究

法半夏罗汉果川贝枇把膏与强力批他露均有镇咳祛痰作用，罗汉果川贝枇把膏尚能平喘抗炎。     

阿奇霉素治疗呼吸道感染的药理特性与临床分析

阿奇霉素是近年来开发的大环内酯类抗生素,本品是通过阻碍细菌转肽过程,抑制蛋白质合成达到抑菌作用。我院呼吸内科自2006年2月～8月收治35例肺部疾患患者,将阿奇霉素用于呼吸道感染取得满意疗效。本文将概述阿奇霉素的药理特性及报道治疗呼吸道感染的临床资料。     

香茶菜属植物的化学成分与药理作用研究进展

我们主要综述了国内近年来有关香茶菜属植物在化学成分、药理作用、临床应用方面的研究进 展,并且讨论了这一领域的研究方向。     

Effects of Pharmacological Autonomic Blockade on Dual Atrioventricular Nodal Pathways Physiology in Patients with Slow-Fast Atrioventricular Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia

The purpose of this study was to investigate the atrioventricular AV nodal physiology and the inducibility of AV nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) under pharmacological autonomic blockade (AB). Seventeen consecutive patients (6 men and 11 women, mean age 39 ± 17 years) with clinical recurrent slow-fast AVNRT received electrophysiological study before and after pharmacological AB with atropine (0.04 mg/kg) and propranolol (0.2 mg/kg). In baseline, all 17 patients could be induced with AVNRT, 5 were isoproterenol-dependent. After pharmacological AB, 12 (71 %) of 17 patients still demonstrated AV nodal duality. AVNRT became noninducible in 7 of 12 nonisoproterenol dependent patients and remained noninducible in all 5 isoproterenol dependent patients. The sinus cycle length (801 ± 105 ms vs 630 ± 80 ms, P < 0.005) and AV blocking cycle length (365 ± 64 ms vs 338 ± 61 ms, P < 0.005) became shorter after AB. The antegrade effective refractory period and functional refractory period of the fast pathway (369 ± 67 ms vs 305 ± 73 ms, P < 0.005; 408 ± 56 ms vs 350 ± 62 ms, P < 0.005) and the slow pathway (271 ± 30 ms vs 258 ± 27 ms, P < 0.01; 344 ± 60 ms vs 295 ± 50 ms, P < 0.005) likewise became significantly shortened. However, the ventriculoatrial blocking cycle length (349 ± 94 ms vs 326 ± 89 ms, NS) and effective refractory period of retrograde fast pathway (228 ± 38 ms vs 240 ± 80 ms, NS) remained unchanged after autonomic blockade. Pharmacological AB unveiling the intrinsic AV nodal physiology could result in the masking of AV nodal duality and the decreased inducibility of clinical AVNRT.     

克痛喷剂的质量标准研究

采用薄层色谱法对克痛喷剂中蟾酥、冰片、大黄、栀子、白芷进行定性鉴别；并应用气相色谱法对冰片的含量进行测定。实验结果证明方法简便，斑点圆整，重现性及专属性均好，可国该制剂的质量控制标准。     

Protective role of endothelial nitric oxide synthase

Nitric oxide is a versatile molecule, with its actions ranging from haemodynamic regulation to anti-proliferative effects on vascular smooth muscle cells. Nitric oxide is produced by the nitric oxide synthases, endothelial NOS (eNOS), neural NOS (nNOS), and inducible NOS (iNOS). Constitutively expressed eNOS produces low concentrations of NO, which is necessary for a good endothelial function and integrity. Endothelial derived NO is often seen as a protective agent in a variety of diseases.This review will focus on the potential protective role of eNOS. We will discuss recent data derived from studies in eNOS knockout mice and other experimental models. Furthermore, the role of eNOS in human diseases is described and possible therapeutic intervention strategies will be discussed.     

Effect of cerebral ischemia on acute convulsions and chronic epileptogenesis

The pharmacological kindling with corazol was used as a model of chronic cerebral epileptization. In contrast to sham-operated rats or rats with unilateral occlusion of the common carotid arteries, bilateral occlusion of these vessels moderated acute seizures provoked by a single administration of the convulsant corazol and abated the enhanced cerebral seizure readiness induced by its repeated administration. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 126, No. 7, pp. 30–33, July, 1998     

Diagnostics and Treatments of COVID-19: A Living Systematic Review of Economic Evaluations

ObjectivesAs healthcare systems continue to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic, cost-effectiveness evidence will be needed to identify which tests and treatments for COVID-19 offer value for money. We sought to review economic evaluations of diagnostic tests and treatments for COVID-19, critically appraising the methodological approaches used and reporting cost-effectiveness estimates, using a “living” systematic review approach.MethodsKey databases (including MEDLINE, EconLit, Embase) were last searched on July 12, 2021. Gray literature and model repositories were also searched. Only full economic evaluations published in English were included. Studies were quality assessed and data were extracted into standard tables. Results were narratively summarized. The review was completed by 2 reviewers independently, with disagreements resolved through discussion with a senior reviewer.ResultsOverall, 3540 records were identified, with 13 meeting the inclusion criteria. After quality assessment, 6 were excluded because of very severe limitations. Of the 7 studies included, 5 were cost-utility analyses and 2 were cost-effectiveness analyses. All were model-based analyses. A total of 5 evaluated treatments (dexamethasone, remdesivir, hypothetical) and 2 evaluated hypothetical testing strategies. Cost-effectiveness estimates were sensitive to the treatment effect on survival and hospitalization, testing speed and accuracy, disease severity, and price.ConclusionsPresently, there are few economic evaluations for COVID-19 tests and treatments. They suggest treatments that confer a survival benefit and fast diagnostic tests may be cost effective. Nevertheless, studies are subject to major evidence gaps and take inconsistent analytical approaches. The evidence may improve for planned updates of this “living” review.     

红车轴草有效成分的研究进展

对红车轴草的化学成分、药理作用的研究概况作一综述。     

紫菀的研究进展及质量标志物预测分析

紫菀是临床常用的化痰止咳要药,始载于《神农本草经》。紫菀化学成分丰富,主要包括萜类及其苷、肽类、黄酮、蒽醌、香豆素、有机酸、酚类、甾醇、挥发油及苯丙素类等。现代药理学研究表明,紫菀在抗肿瘤、抗病毒、抗氧化等方面也具有显著的药理活性。对紫菀的资源分布、化学成分、药理活性研究进展进行综述,并依据质量标志物的概念及确定原则对紫菀的质量标志物进行预测分析,以期为紫菀质量标准的深入研究提供参考。