早期再灌注对急性心肌梗死伴室壁瘤形成的阻抑效应和心功能改善作用的超声心动图观察

目的　超声心动图观察早期再灌注对急性心肌梗死伴室壁瘤形成的阻抑效应和心脏收缩功能改善作用。方法　发病 12h以内急性前壁心肌梗死伴室壁瘤形成患者 98例,随机分为经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术(PCI)组(36例)、溶栓组(31)例和常规药物治疗组(31例),三组患者均在治疗后 2周、12周、24周分别行超声心动图测量左室收缩末期容积(LVESV)、左室舒张末期容积 (LVEDV),并以体表面积校正为左室收缩末期容积指数(LVESVI)、左室舒张末期容积指数(LVEDVI),同时测左室射血分数 (LVEF)、局部室壁运动指数 (RWMI)、左室质量(LVM),后者与体表面积相除得到左室质量指数(LVMI),评价LVESVI、LVEDVI和心室收缩功能改善状况。结果　治疗后 2周,PCI组和溶栓组各参数优于药物治疗组,治疗后 12周,PCI组LVESVI、LVEDVI低于溶栓组(均P<0. 05),溶栓组各参数优于药物治疗组(均P<0. 05)。PCI组和溶栓组各参数自身前后比较明显改善(均P<0. 05),LVEF较 2周时显著增高(P<0. 05)。治疗后 24周,PCI组LVEDVI、LVESVI仍低于溶栓组(P<0. 05),PCI组和溶栓组各参数均优于药物治疗组 (均P<0. 05),PCI组LVESVI、LVEDVI、RWMI较 2周、12周均减小(均P<0. 05),LVEF较 2周、12周显著增高(均P<0. 05);溶栓组各时段比较与PCI组大致相同。结论　超声心动图     

术前血糖水平对急诊冠状动脉介入治疗后造影剂肾病发生率的影响

目的了解术前血糖水平对行急诊冠状动脉介入治疗术的急性sT段抬高型心肌梗死患者造影剂肾病发生率的影响。方法2008年10月至2012年5月期间在首都医科大学附属北京安贞医院接受急诊冠状动脉介入治疗术的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者共745例,所有患者均应用低渗非离子造影剂。测定介入治疗前和术后第1、2、3天肾功能,了解造影剂肾病（CIN）发生的独立危险因素,分析血糖水平对CIN发生率的影响。结果745例患者中,男性530例,女性215例,发生CIN共156例,发病率为20．9％;CIN组中年龄、糖尿病、高敏C反应蛋白（hs—CRP）、血糖、左室射血分数（LVEF）及再灌注时间方面,同t~CIN组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;CIN组患者全因死亡率、心源性死亡率、恶性心律失常发生率增加（P〈0．05）;多因素logistic回归分析显示,血糖水平、hs．CRP、LVEF是CIN发生的独立危险因素。血糖水平采取四分法,显示和CIN的发生率密切相关。结论术前的血糖水平和急诊冠状动脉介入治疗的急性心肌梗死患者CIN的发生密切相关,是CIN独立危险因素,增加急性心肌梗死患者住院期间死亡率。     

Proportion of patients in the Uganda rheumatic heart disease registry with advanced disease requiring urgent surgical interventions

Introduction

Since the establishment of the Uganda Rheumatic Heart Registry, over 900 patients have been enrolled. We sought to stratify the patients in the registry according to disease severity and optimal management strategy.

Methods

We reviewed data of 618 patients who had enrolled in the Registry between March 2010 and February 2013. The 67 patients who had died were excluded leaving 551 patients who were recruited. The optimum management strategy was determined according to the 2012 European Society of Cardiology guidelines on the management of valvular heart disease.

Results

Out of the 551 patient''s records evaluated, 398 (72.3%) required invasive intervention, with 332(60.3%) patients requiring surgery and 66 (12.0%) requiring percutaneous mitral commissurotomy (PMC). This leaves only 27.7% of patients who required only medical management. Currently, majority of the patients (498, 90.4%) in the registry are on medical treatment. Of the 60.3% requiring surgical intervention, only 8.0% (44 patients) underwent valvular surgery and 5(1.0%) patients of the 66 (12.0%) underwent PMC successfully.

Conclusion

There is a high proportion of patients with severe disease that require surgical treatment yet they cannot access this therapy due to absence of local expertise.