Engaging Radiology Nurses in Quality Improvement Projects in a Women's Specialty Hospital

Measuring outcomes in health care have become mandatory as regulatory agencies, institutional guidelines, employers, and consumer groups advocate for quality health care focusing on improving patient outcomes. System-level quality departments often provide a framework for performance improvement (PI) that supports the organizational PI plan. However, nurses must learn to lead and be actively involved in projects in the radiology department to ensure key performance indicators are developed with on-the-ground quality management to improve patient outcomes, system performance, and professional development. This article explores such efforts at a large women’s specialty hospital in the Southern United States.     

Motivational interviewing for maternal Immunizations: Intervention development

Background and ObjectiveVaccine uptake during pregnancy remains low. Our objectives were to describe 1) development and adaptation of a clinician communication training intervention for maternal immunizations and 2) obstetrics and gynecology (ob-gyn) clinician and staff perspectives on the intervention and fit for the prenatal care context.MethodsDesign of the Motivational Interviewing for Maternal Immunizations (MI4MI) intervention was based on similar communication training interventions for pediatric settings and included presumptive initiation of vaccine recommendations (“You’re due for two vaccines today”) combined with motivational interviewing (MI) for hesitant patients. Interviews and focus group discussions were conducted with ob-gyn clinicians and staff in five Colorado clinics including settings with obstetric physicians, certified nurse midwives (CNMs), and clinician-trainees. Participants were asked about adapting training to the ob-gyn setting and their implementation experiences. Feedback was incorporated through iterative changes to training components.ResultsInterview and focus group discussion results from participants before (n = 3), during (n = 11) and after (n = 25) implementation guided intervention development and adaptation. Three virtual, asynchronous training components were created: a video and two interactive modules. This virtual format was favored due to challenges attending group meetings; however, participants noted opportunities to practice skills through role-play were lacking. Training modules were adapted to include common challenging vaccine conversations and live-action videos. Participants liked interactive training components and use of adult learning strategies. Some participants initially resisted the presumptive approach but later found it useful after applying it in their practices. Overall, participants reported that MI4MI training fit well with the prenatal context and recommended more inclusion of non-clinician staff.ConclusionsMI4MI training was viewed as relevant and useful for ob-gyn clinicians and staff. Suggestions included making training more interactive, and including more complex scenarios and non-clinician staff.     

女性致密性骨炎血清骨转换生化标志物水平变化研究

背景 致密性骨炎（OCI）和其他疾病有时难以鉴别，探讨血清骨转换生化标志物可为OCI的鉴别诊断提供依据。 目的 探索女性OCI患者的血清骨转换生化标志物的水平变化及临床意义。 方法 回顾性选取2013年6月至2022年2月在北京积水潭医院门诊及住院诊断为OCI的61例女性患者作为观察组，年龄15~50岁，平均（33.8±6.6）岁，病程2周~15年。选择同期61例女性体检健康者作为对照组，年龄15~48岁，平均（35.6±7.6）岁。比较两组一般临床资料和血清骨转换生化标志物水平，并对血清骨转换生化标志物与病情相关指标进行相关性分析。 结果 观察组血清白蛋白（45.4±2.9）g/L低于对照组（46.5±2.8）g/L（t=2.190，P<0.05）。血清骨转换生化标志物比较结果显示，观察组血清1型胶原羧基末端肽β特殊序列（β-CTX）〔0.28（0.23，0.37）μg/L〕、N-端骨钙素（OC）〔13.1（11.2，16.2）μg/L〕、25-羟维生素D3〔25-（OH）VD3〕〔（14.1±5.1）μg/L〕低于对照组〔0.36（0.29，0.48）μg/L，15.6（13.7，17.3）μg/L，（17.5±6.6）μg/L〕（Z=-2.983、-3.255，t=3.081，P<0.05）。长病程亚组OC水平〔14.6（12.4，18.5）μg/L〕高于短病程亚组〔11.7（10.2，14.0）μg/L〕（Z=-2.407，P<0.05）。多孕亚组β-CTX〔0.25（0.22，0.32）μg/L〕、OC水平〔12.2（10.3，15.0）μg/L〕低于非多孕亚组〔0.33（0.26，0.44）μg/L、13.4（12.0，18.8）μg/L〕（Z=-2.486、-1.897，P<0.05）。相关性分析显示，观察组血清1型前胶原氨基端延长肽（tP1NP）与妊娠次数、生产次数均呈负相关（rs=-0.276、-0.298，P<0.05），OC与体质指数（BMI）、视觉模拟评分法（VAS）评分、妊娠次数均呈负相关（rs=-0.284、-0.374、-0.360，P<0.05），25-（OH）VD3水平与BMI呈正相关（rs=0.275，P<0.05）。 结论 女性OCI患者血清OC、β-CTX水平明显降低，可为鉴别其他疾病提供依据；血清OC水平可以反映OCI患者的严重程度，同时OC水平与患者妊娠次数相关；tP1NP与妊娠次数、生产次数相关。     

Burnout and the Sexual Assault Nurse Examiner: Who Is Experiencing Burnout and Why?

IntroductionA sexual assault nurse examiner role exemplifies the high-stress and highly emotional patient interactions that are often associated with burnout. The purpose of this study was to examine the frequency of burnout among sexual assault nurse examiners in North Carolina.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was an anonymous survey of practicing sexual assault nurse examiners within North Carolina using the Maslach Burnout Inventory and additional demographics. Results were analyzed with odds ratios, confidence intervals, Fisher exact, chi-square, and Kruskal Wallis tests as appropriate.ResultsAmong 95 respondents, burnout was more frequent in sexual assault nurse examiners who stopped both emergency and nurse examiner work (55.6%, odds ratio 4.41, 95% confidence interval 1.07-18.06) and in dual function nurses (both emergency and nurse examiner work, 35.7%, odds ratio 2.71, 95% confidence interval 1.04-7.06). Sexual assault nurse examiners who had a high percentage of pediatric cases (above the median of 40%) were more likely to meet burnout thresholds for emotional exhaustion scores > 26 (48.78% vs 25.93%, χ² = 5.30, P = .02) and more likely to meet burnout thresholds for depersonalization scores > 9 (48.78% vs 24.07%, χ² = 6.28, P = .01).DiscussionHigher frequency of burnout threshold criteria was found in those people who worked concurrently as a sexual assault nurse examiner and an emergency nurse and in those who had retired from both specialties. We also found that sexual assault nurse examiners with a higher case mix of pediatric cases had higher emotional exhaustion scores and higher depersonalization scores.     

"五习惯"医患沟通评价量表的构建及信效度研究

背景 医患沟通障碍是导致医疗纠纷发生的主要原因之一。目前，我国对医务人员医患沟通能力的评价研究较少，缺乏信效度良好的评估工具。 目的 构建"五习惯"医患沟通评价量表（5HCS），检验其信度和效度。 方法 2014年3月，采用Brislin翻译法在"四习惯"医患沟通评价体系（4HCS）的基础上，形成5HCS初稿；2014年4—6月，采用德尔菲法，使用问卷分两轮征求专家意见，根据专家意见修订条目后形成5HCS定稿；2018年3月，使用新构建的5HCS对127名住院医师的医患沟通能力进行评估，通过分析其评价数据，检验量表的内部一致性、评价者间信度、内容效度和标准关联效度。 结果 正式版5HCS包含5个维度（"尊重示善，融洽关系""采集信息，引导观点""表达共情，建立信任""风险告知，知情同意""提供诊断，协商决策"），21个条目。量表的Cronbach's α系数为0.716，各维度与量表总分的r值为0.524~0.692，各条目的内容效度指数（I-CVI）≥0.81，量表总分的评价者间信度r值为0.912，组内相关系数（ICC）=0.912，标准关联效度以中文版医患沟通技能评价量表（SEGUE）为标准，两个量表总分之间的r值为0.377（P<0.01）。 结论 5HCS具有良好的信度和效度，可将其作为我国住院医师医患沟通能力测评工具加以推广应用。     

《医疗质量管理办法》中医疗质量概念及相关问题探讨

采用文献复习和实证研究经验的方法对《医疗质量管理办法》中涉及的医疗质量概念及相关问题进行探讨。《医疗质量管理办法》中的医疗质量的定义存在重大缺失,没有涉及医疗服务的结果,特别是患者安全。医疗质量的定义应与国际相关权威机构保持一致,应高度重视医疗服务的结果,特别是患者安全。     

Patient navigation across the cancer care continuum: An overview of systematic reviews and emerging literature

Patient navigation is a strategy for overcoming barriers to reduce disparities and to improve access and outcomes. The aim of this umbrella review was to identify, critically appraise, synthesize, and present the best available evidence to inform policy and planning regarding patient navigation across the cancer continuum. Systematic reviews examining navigation in cancer care were identified in the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), PubMed, Embase, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health (CINAHL), Epistemonikos, and Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) databases and in the gray literature from January 1, 2012, to April 19, 2022. Data were screened, extracted, and appraised independently by two authors. The JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist for Systematic Review and Research Syntheses was used for quality appraisal. Emerging literature up to May 25, 2022, was also explored to capture primary research published beyond the coverage of included systematic reviews. Of the 2062 unique records identified, 61 systematic reviews were included. Fifty-four reviews were quantitative or mixed-methods reviews, reporting on the effectiveness of cancer patient navigation, including 12 reviews reporting costs or cost-effectiveness outcomes. Seven qualitative reviews explored navigation needs, barriers, and experiences. In addition, 53 primary studies published since 2021 were included. Patient navigation is effective in improving participation in cancer screening and reducing the time from screening to diagnosis and from diagnosis to treatment initiation. Emerging evidence suggests that patient navigation improves quality of life and patient satisfaction with care in the survivorship phase and reduces hospital readmission in the active treatment and survivorship care phases. Palliative care data were extremely limited. Economic evaluations from the United States suggest the potential cost-effectiveness of navigation in screening programs.     

基于标准化患者法评价四川农村基层医生两种慢性病诊断准确性及其影响因素

目的 运用标准化患者法评估四川农村地区基层医生不稳定型心绞痛和2型糖尿病两种慢性病诊断准确性现状,探讨基层医生两种慢性病诊断准确性的主要影响因素,为提升基层医生两种慢性病诊断准确性提供科学依据。方法 采用多阶段随机整群抽样方法,抽取四川省自贡市5个区/县50个乡镇100个村为研究现场,以调查当日在岗的全科及内科医生作为研究对象。共进行两轮数据采集,第1轮采集样本乡镇卫生院和村卫生室医生的基本信息;第1轮调查完成1个月后,运用标准化患者法开展第2轮调查,收集农村基层医生对不稳定型心绞痛和2型糖尿病诊断结果信息。运用Logistic回归分析农村基层医生不稳定型心绞痛和2型糖尿病诊断准确性的影响因素。结果 共纳入172名农村基层医生,完成186次标准化患者访问,正确诊断率为48.39%。其中不稳定型心绞痛的正确诊断率为18.68%(17/91),2型糖尿病的正确诊断率为76.84%(73/95)。Logistic回归分析显示,具有执业医师资质的农村基层医生更有可能做出正确诊断(OR=4.857,95%CI=1.076~21.933,P=0.040)。农村基层医生在诊断过程中涉及的必要问诊和检查条目越多,做出正确诊断的概率越高(OR=1.627,95%CI=1.065~2.485,P=0.024)。与不稳定型心绞痛相比,农村基层医生对2型糖尿病做出正确诊断的可能性更高(OR=6.306,95%CI=3.611~11.013,P<0.001)。结论 四川农村基层医生不稳定型心绞痛和2型糖尿病诊断准确性整体较差,建议以基层医生慢性病诊断过程质量改善为突破口,提升基层医生执业水平,进而提高慢性病诊断准确性。