气相色谱法测定异硝苯地平

采用气相色谱法，以尼莫地平为内标测定钙拮抗剂异硝苯地平。方法简便快速，结果准确可靠。回收率99.78％，相对标准偏差0.43％，符合定量测定的要求。     

尼莫地平控释片释放度试验研究

本文研究了尼莫地平控释片的释放度试验方法——转篮法，释放介质为含有２２％异丙醇的０．１ｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１盐酸液；磷酸盐缓冲液（ｐＨ５．８）和ｐＨ７．２的溶液。含量测定方法：紫外分光光度法，在三种介质中尼莫地平分别在１～３０μｇ·ｍｌ－１，１０～５０μｇ·ｍｌ－１和１０～５０μｇ·ｍｌ－１的范围内，浓度与吸收度有较好的线性关系。回归方程分别为Ａ＝０．６１５Ｃ＋０．０２３（ｒ＝０．９９９９）；Ａ＝０．０６１４Ｃ＋０．０１２（ｒ＝０．９９９５）；Ａ＝０．０６１２Ｃ＋０．００８８（ｒ＝０．９９９９）。平均回收率分别为９９．６３％，９９．９８％及１００．７７％，ＲＳＤ（％）分别为１．３４％，１．５９％及１．４１％。本方法的体外释放百分率与体内吸收分数有较好的相关性（ｒ＝０．９９１）。     

Nimodipine treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhage

In a pilot study of 6 patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage caused by a ruptured intracranial (grade IV (Hunt and Hess) aneurysm the hemodynamics and plasma-nimodipine concentrations have been observed during a 3-week period of treatment. We found that 3 patients developed reversible hypotension during the nimodipine treatment and that the hypotension tendency could be related to the plasmanimodipine level and not to a more or less severe sensitivity to nimodipine.

Repeated measurements of blood pressure, plasma-nimodipine and regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) are necessary for the purpose of obtaining the optimum treatment and for evaluating the effect of treatment.     

Nimodipine decreases the minimum alveolar concentration of isoflurane in dogs

Nimodipine is a calcium antagonist that binds with high affinity to neuronal membranes. It is a potent cerebrovasodilator and has been demonstrated also to affect neurotransmitter synthesis and release. Because patients undergoing surgery for intracranial aneurysms are frequently receiving nimodipine, the authors determined the MAC of isoflurane in six dogs before and during three infusion doses of nimodipine (0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 micrograms.kg-1.min-1). MAC was also determined in five dogs before and during infusion of the drug vehicle (10 microliters.kg-1.min-1). Nimodipine produced a reduction in MAC from 1.47 +/- 0.33% to 1.19 +/- 0.18, 1.15 +/- 0.18 and 1.15 +/- 0.09% during infusions of nimodipine 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 micrograms.kg-1.min-1, respectively (P less than 0.05). Infusion of drug vehicle alone produced no change in MAC (1.39 +/- 0.15%). This reduction in anaesthetic requirement by nimodipine may be due to its effect on neurotransmission. Adjustments in anaesthetic dosage may be necessary in patients receiving nimodipine.     

尼莫地平对人结肠癌细胞系HCT增殖的影响及机制探讨

目的：研究钙拮抗剂尼莫地平对人结肠癌细胞系HCT生长的影响及探讨其相应的机制。方法：MTT法检测不同剂量尼莫地平对HCT细胞生长的影响。探讨经尼莫地平作用的HCT细胞是否发生凋亡；用流式细胞术检测凋亡细胞亚二倍体峰；DNA凝胶电泳检测HCT细胞DNA的梯度条带；瑞士－姬姆萨染色观察HCT细胞的形态学变化，激光共聚焦扫描显微镜检测在尼莫地平作用下HCT细胞内钙离子的浓度及分布状态的变化。结果：MTT法示尼莫地平可抑制人结肠癌细胞系HCT的生长。流式细胞术检测显示，尼莫地平作用后，HCT细胞亚二倍体峰面积增大，且凋亡细胞数呈剂量依赖性，高剂量尼莫地平组可见典型的DNA的梯度条带；细胞形态呈现细胞的胞膜泡化，胞质浓缩，染色质断裂等变化。Fluo-3荧光标记显示尼莫地平作用于HCT细胞后，细胞内Ca^2 浓度[Ca^2 ]i升高，PI荧光标记的细胞核型发生变化。结论：尼莫地平作为钙拮抗剂对结肠癌HCT细胞系的生长有抑制作用；其机制可能是通过细胞凋亡作用的。     

尼莫地平对戊四氮致癫痫大鼠的抗氧化作用

目的探讨尼莫地平对实验性癫痫鼠的抗氧化作用.方法 50只Wistar大鼠随机分为5组,各10只.正常对照组：腹腔注射生理盐水;癫痫组：腹腔注射戊四氮（PTZ）50 mg/kg, 诱发癫痫后30 min处死;尼莫地平0.1、0.3、0.5 mg/kg 组：腹腔注射PTZ 50 mg/kg前15 min分别注射尼莫地平注射液0.1、0.3、0.5 mg/kg, 每隔24 h重复1次,连续3 d后处死.观察各组大鼠癫痫样发作的潜伏期、持续时间、发作形式,并测定各组大鼠脑组织超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、丙二醛（MDA）、谷光甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-PX）活性.结果尼莫地平预处理各组大鼠癫痫发作类型以轻型发作为主,发作潜伏期明显延长,持续时间短; SOD活性较癫痫组明显增高,MDA、GSH-PX活性明显下降,差异均有显著性（F＝10.720～35.831,P〈0.01）.结论尼莫地平可通过抗氧化机制来发挥抗癫痫作用.     

尼莫地平多晶型家免体内药动学研究

 目的研究尼莫地平2种晶型在家兔体内药动学和生物等效性。方法家兔单剂量交叉口服尼莫地平不同晶型胶囊, 采用HPLC测定血药浓度,非隔室模型计算药动学参数,利用方差分析、单-双侧t检验和(1-2α)置信区间评价其生物等效性。结果尼莫地平晶型Ⅰ和Ⅱ的c_max分别为46.7和39.6 ng·mL^-1,t_max为2.8和3.0h,AUC_0→t为351.5和341.0 ng·h·mL^-1。尼莫地平晶型Ⅱ相对于晶型Ⅰ的生物利用度为97.0%。结论尼莫地平2种晶型具有生物等效性。     

A systematic review of the efficacy of donepezil hydrochloride combined with nimodipine on treating vascular dementia

Background:Vascular dementia (VaD) is a comprehensive syndrome related to the damage of cognitive function and various cerebral vascular illnesses. VaD is also generally recognized as the second most common type of dementia after Alzheimer disease, contributing to 30% of the dementia population in Asia and developing countries. The ability of donepezil hydrochloride and nimodipine had been respectively proven in improving cognitive function in vascular dementia. However, whether the combined application of both drugs contribute to better efficacy remains as a research hotspot. Studies had shown definite satisfactory result with such combination, however evidence-based evaluation of the efficacy is still lacking. Therefore, meta-analysis is employed in this study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of using donepezil hydrochloride combined with nimodipine in treating VaD to provide references for clinical treatments. The efficacy of donepezil hydrochloride combined with nimodipine on treating vascular dementia is systematically reviewed to provide evidence-based references for clinical applications.Methods:Both Chinese and English databases were searched from the start till August, 2020 for any RCT regarding the combined use of the 2 drugs in treating vascular dementia. Two investigators would later evaluate and screened out research and data based on an improved Jaded scale. Software Rev Man 5.3.0 was employed to carry out meta-analysis on clinical effificacy, mini-mental state examination (MMSE) ratings, activity of daily living (ADL) ratings, and clinical dementia scale (CDR) ratings.Results:Donepezil hydrochloride combined with nimodipine had demonstrated satisfactory efficacy on the treatment of vascular dementia. Improvements were namely spotted on MMSE scale, ADL scale, and CDR scale, with the utmost efficacy by 12 weeks after intervention.Conclusions:Donepezil hydrochloride combined with nimodipine had good efficacy in the treatment of patients with vascular dementia, mainly in terms of improving the Simple MMSE scores, the ability to use daily living scale (ADL) scores and the CDR, and the best results were obtained after 12 weeks of intervention. Such conclusion should be cautiously evaluated.     

尼莫地平片抽验结果质量分析

目的通过对全国34个生产厂家的850批次尼莫地平片抽验结果的分析,考察国内市场上尼莫地平片的质量情况。方法采用中国药典2005版对本品进行全检,并参照日本在"药品品质再评价"拟定流程中对溶出度试验条件的规定,分别考察6个主要厂家尼莫地平片在水、pH 1.2人工胃液、pH 4.0醋酸盐缓冲液、pH 6.8磷酸盐缓冲液4种溶出介质中的体外溶出行为。结果经按中国药典2005版对全国850批样品检验,仅4批样品不合格,不合格率为0.47%,不合格项目为溶出度。同一批尼莫地平片在不同溶出介质中溶出差异很大;不同药厂尼莫地平片在同一溶出介质中溶出行为亦存在显著差异。结论尼莫地平片的生产工艺成熟,性质较稳定,总体质量情况较好,主要质量问题体现在体外溶出行为上。     

尼莫地平微粉化物双层渗透泵控释片的制备

目的 制备尼莫地平微粉化物双层渗透泵控释片。方法 以尼莫地平为模型药物,将微粉化增溶技术应用于控释双层渗透泵剂型中,设计并制备体外控释12 h的尼莫地平双层渗透泵片,采用相似因子法（f₂）对不同处方释药行为的相似性进行评价,并对处方进行优化。结果 成功制备了尼莫地平微粉化物双层渗透泵控释片,零级释放特征明显,符合渗透泵的释药机制。结论 将微粉化增溶技术与控释双层渗透泵技术相结合,显著提高了难溶性药物尼莫地平的体外释放,成功制备了控释制剂。