莫西沙星联合信必可都保对AECOPD疗效及免疫炎症反应的影响

目的探讨维生素D(VitD)联合鱼油对糖尿病前期(PDM)患者糖脂代谢、胰岛β细胞功能的影响。 方法选取PDM患者132例,随机均分为联合组(VitD+鱼油)、VitD组(VitD)和对照组(不干预)。比较各组糖脂代谢、胰岛β细胞功能、炎症反应、血管内皮功能等指标。 结果与干预前比较,干预后联合组甘油三酯降低,白细胞介素-10增高(P＜0.05),联合组和VitD组低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、肿瘤坏死因子-α、胰岛素抵抗指数、前列腺素E2、瘦素、抵抗素降低(P＜0.05),空腹胰岛素、胰岛β细胞功能指数、脂联素增高(P＜0.05),且联合组改善更为明显(P＜0.05)。 结论维生素D联合鱼油治疗PDM患者可改善其脂代谢和胰岛功能相关指标,具有一定临床应用价值。     

多索茶碱与莫西沙星在大鼠体内药动学的相互作用

 目的考察多索茶碱和莫西沙星在大鼠体内的药动学特性及合用时的相互作用。方法采用高效液相色谱法测定大鼠给药后不同时间的多索茶碱和莫西沙星的血浆浓度。血浆浓度 时间数据用非线性程序WINNONLIN拟合，求得药动学参数。结果两药合用与单独用药时的药-时曲线基本一致,多索茶碱呈一级吸收一级开放式模型，莫西沙星呈一级吸收二室开放式模型，药动学参数无统计学差异。但多索茶碱与莫西沙星合用时，多索茶碱的代谢产物之一茶碱的AUC约是单用多索茶碱时的2倍。结论两药合用药动学上无明显的相互作用, 但莫西沙星有减慢多索茶碱的代谢产物茶碱代谢的趋势，两药可以同时服用，但应注意监测茶碱的血药浓度。     

莫西沙星治疗慢性支气管炎急性发作的前瞻性研究

目的:研究莫西沙星对慢性支气管炎急性发作(AECB)的疗效.方法:对AECB患者随机分成二组,一组口服莫西沙星400mg,gd×6d,另一组口服克拉霉素500mg,bid×6d,观察临床疗效和细菌清除状况以及不良反应.结果:莫西沙星治疗组和克拉霉素治疗组病人的临床总有效率分别为93.1%和87.9%,差异无显著性(P＞0.05);支气管周围炎症吸收率分别为84.7%和71.2%,差异有显著性(P＜0.05);痰中致病菌清除率分别为88.9%和72.1%,差异有显著性(P＜0.05);不良反应发生率分别为1.4%和13.6%,差异有显著性(P＜0.05).结论:在治疗AECB时,莫西沙星与克拉霉素比较,两者的临床疗效基本相似,但其支气管周围炎症吸收状况前者优于后者,痰中致病菌清除率更高,更具依从性和耐受性.     

Comparison of Aqueous Humour Concentration after Single High Dose Versus Multiple Administration of Topical Moxifloxacin in Rabbits

For the prevention of postoperative ocular infections prophylactic topical antibiotics are routinely used. Studies evaluating comparative difference between single dose versus multiple dose administration on aqueous humour concentration of moxifloxacin are lacking. This study compared the aqueous humour concentration of moxifloxacin following its topical administration in rabbit eyes with two dose regimens. Twelve albino rabbits were divided into two groups. In group-1, two drops were administered thrice (total six drops) at 2 min intervals, in both the eyes; in group-2, two drops of moxifloxacin were administered three times a day for three days and also two h before aqueous humour collection i.e. on fourth day. Mean aqueous humour concentrations were calculated and compared using Student''s ‘t’ test and P<0.05 was considered significant. Moxifloxacin concentration in aqueous humour in group-1 was 23.79 μg/ml and in group-2 was 42.08 μg/ml. Both dosing regimens produced substantially higher aqueous concentrations than the known minimum inhibitory concentration for most bacteria. Moxifloxacin concentration in aqueous humour with multiple instillations is significantly higher than single instillation (P<0.05), which is adequate to cover ciprofloxacin-resistant gram-negative bacteria. Repeated topical moxifloxacin administration achieved significantly higher aqueous humour concentrations than single administration.     

Salvage therapy for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis

Treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), defined as Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistant to both isoniazid and rifampicin, is challenging under the best of circumstances, and particularly in resource-limited settings. For patients who remain persistently sputum-culture-positive despite therapy with second-line TB drugs, treatment options are limited, especially if disease is too advanced for resective surgery. Salvage therapy refers to the design of a regimen combining new and previously used drugs in a final effort to attain sputum conversion before declaring treatment to have failed. We retrospectively evaluated the outcomes of salvage therapy in 213 Peruvian patients. Salvage regimens included a median of two new drugs (range 1–6) and nine (range 5–13) total (new plus previously used) drugs. The most frequently used new drug was moxifloxacin, followed by capreomycin, amoxicillin-clavulanate, kanamycin and clarithromycin. Culture conversion occurred in 65 (30.5%) patients. Salvage regimens that included moxifloxacin were significantly more likely to be followed by culture conversion (OR 2.2; p 0.02). Later-generation fluoroquinolones such as moxifloxacin should be used in salvage therapy but also in the initial treatment of MDR-TB, if the best clinical strategy is to use the most effective drugs when the patient has the best chance for cure. New TB drugs are most likely to be initially used in salvage patients, in conditions similar to those described here. Close bacteriological monitoring of these patients will be essential, as useful information about the best way to use these new drugs can be gained from analysis of salvage therapy cohorts.     

Does moxifloxacin alter oxidant status in the cornea? An experimental study

Objective: In this experimental study, we investigated the possible effects of intracameral moxifloxacin on oxidative stress parameters and endothelial cell morphology in corneal tissue.

Methods: In total, 30 rats were randomly assigned to three groups of 10 rats: the sham group (Group 1, n?=?10); the control group (Group 2), where balanced salt solution (BSS) was administered at a dose of 0.01?cc (n?=?10); and the treatment group (Group 3), where moxifloxacin was administered at a dose of 0.05?mg/0.01?cc (n?=?10). Total antioxidant status (TAS) and total oxidant status (TOS) in corneal tissue and blood samples were measured and the oxidative stress index (OSI) was calculated. Also, corneal tissue histopathology was evaluated with caspase-3 and caspase-8 staining. Apoptotic activity was also evaluated.

Results: In blood samples, TAS, TOS, and OSI levels were not statistically significantly different (all p?>?0.05). Compared with the sham and control groups, TOS and OSI levels in cornea tissue were significantly different in the moxifloxacin group (all p?p?>?0.05). Compared with the sham and control groups, apoptotic activity was higher in the moxifloxacin group, in both immunohistochemical staining for caspase-3 and caspase-8.

Conclusions: Intracameral moxifloxacin injection seems to be safe systemically, but it may have toxic effects on corneal tissues, as suggested by oxidative stress parameters and a histopathological evaluation.     

含莫西沙星联合微卡方案治疗耐多药肺结核的远期疗效

目的 观察含莫西沙星联合微卡方案治疗在耐多药肺结核(MDR-PTB)患者中的远期疗效.方法 将200例耐多药肺结核患者随机分为两组,对照组采用6 LfxZPtoPK/18LfxZPtoP治疗,实验组采用6MfxZPtoPK+微卡/18 MfxZ-PtoP+微卡治疗,疗程结束时共有121例病例完成疗程且疗末痰菌阴转,其中实验组81例痰菌阴转,对照组40例痰菌阴转,调查分析两组痰菌阴转病例2年的随访结果.结果 实验组患者治愈后6个月、1年和2年的细菌学复发率均低于对照组患者(P＜0.05),而实验组患者总的细菌学复发率低于对照组患者(P＜0.01).此外,实验组患者治愈后6个月、1年和2年的胸部X线病灶恶化率及总的胸部X线病灶恶化率均低于对照组患者(P＜0.01).结论 莫西沙星联合微卡方案治疗耐多药结核病疗效确切、复发率低,具有很好的远期效果,值得推广使用.     

从GOLD治疗目标谈莫西沙星在慢性阻塞性肺疾病治疗中的作用

慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)是一种具有气流受限特征的可以预防和治疗的疾病,气流受限不完全可逆、呈进行性发展,与肺部对香烟烟雾等有害气体或有害颗粒的异常炎症反应有关[1]。在世界范围内COPD的发病率和病死率都很高,并导致重大且持续增长的经济和社会学压力[2]。据估计,至2020年COPD将位居世界疾病经济负担的第3位,近期     

莫西沙星注射液导致全身皮疹的迟发型过敏反应

目的分析莫西沙星注射液导致全身皮疹的迟发型过敏反应。方法临床药师参与患者应用莫西沙星注射液后第8天出现全身皮疹的迟发型过敏反应的治疗,对其发生原因进行探讨。结果与结论该例患者的皮疹与莫西沙星注射液的相关性极大。莫西沙星注射液导致的迟发型过敏反应,医师、药师及护士应予以高度重视,同时做好药物不良反应的监测。