The Relationship Between Psychogenic Cough and the Diagnosis and Misdiagnosis of Asthma: A Review

The differential diagnoses of persistent nonproductive cough include numerous pulmonary and nonpulmonary organic disorders as well as functional illnesses. Many diseases can cause cough, and several studies have shown asthma among the most common etiologies associated with chronic cough in adult nonsmokers, as well as children. Psychogenic cough and its relationship to asthma and other asthma-like illnesses is complex since distinct maladies with similar features may coexist individually or in combination in any given patient. While chronic cough may occur as a sole presenting manifestation of bronchial asthma in all age groups, recent findings suggest that most children with persistent cough without other respiratory symptoms do not have asthma. Since several organic, as well as functional diseases, may present with persistent cough as their sole manifestation in either adults or children, cough should not be used as a single or major determinant to diagnose and treat asthma, especially when empirically focused therapy trials fail. Given the range of illnesses causing cough, no single management guideline can be expected to be universally effective.     

79例小儿尸检病例的临床与病理诊断对照分析

９例小儿尸检病例的临床与病理诊断作对照分析。结果显示：１４例误诊,误诊率为１７７２％;在～２８ｄ,～５岁,～１０岁和～１４岁４个小儿年龄组中,新生儿组误诊率为２９６３％,明显高于其他年龄组（Ｐ＜０．０５）,且日龄越小误诊率越高;呼吸系统疾病是误诊的主要病种,占４２８６％;而年长儿的２例误诊均为结核病。提示对新生儿疾病诊断时,要详细了解围生期情况,积极寻找原发病;结核病对儿童的致命威胁应引起儿科医生的高度重视。     

妇科急腹症273例临床分析

目的 分析妇科急腹症的常见临床特征以减少误诊。方法 回顾分析我院1998年1月1日至2002年12月31日收治的妇科急腹症手术273例。结果 273例中误诊33例，卵巢黄体破裂、巧克力囊肿破裂、盆腔脓肿、出血性输卵管炎术前误诊率高。异位妊娠术前误诊少，但仍有相当部分在门诊诊为宫内早妊而行人流或清官术。结论 详细询问病史，分析症状体征，重视后穹窿穿刺，合理利用尿妊试验、B超等辅助检查及不过份依赖单项检查结果，有利于提高妇科急腹症的临床诊断正确率。     

鼻咽恶性淋巴瘤43例误诊分析

目的 分析鼻咽恶性淋巴瘤的误诊原因，探讨减少误诊的措施。方法对我院1990至2002年间住院治疗的120例鼻咽恶性淋巴瘤病人进行回顾性分析。结果120例鼻咽恶性淋巴瘤中有43例误诊，误诊率高达35.8％。结论鼻咽恶性淋巴瘤易发生临床误诊和病理误诊，全面掌握鼻咽恶性淋巴瘤的临床表现特点、重视鼻咽的检查和活检、注意影像学检查、结合实验室检查及免疫组化等是减少鼻咽恶性淋巴瘤误诊的有效措施。     

眼内异物误诊原因分析及防止措施

目的探讨如何避免眼内金属异物误诊和漏诊。方法对12例(12眼)眼内金属异物误诊、漏诊原因进行总结分析。结果12跟被误诊为葡萄膜炎8眼、白内障1眼、玻璃体浑浊3眼。由于延误了治疗，导致视力下降。结论必须提高医生对本病的警惕性，全面分析病情，借助X线等辅助手段，可大大降低误诊和漏诊率。     

Follicular dendritic cell sarcoma of the nasopharynx: a case report and literature review

Follicular dendritic cell sarcoma (FDCS) of the nasopharynx is a rare malignant tumor that has been described in only a few case reports, and its differential diagnoses include diverse clinicopathologic entities. FDCS is often initially misdiagnosed, especially when examining small biopsy specimens. We herein report a case of FDCS arising in the nasopharynx that was initially misdiagnosed as a nerve sheath tumor. A 44-year-old woman presented with persistent obstruction of the left nasal cavity and underwent an excisional biopsy. The specimen demonstrated morphologic and immunohistochemical features of FDCS. In situ hybridization for Epstein–Barr virus-encoded RNA was negative. The patient was treated with chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The sarcoma recurred near the original site more than 3 years after the initial treatment and was completely resected. At the time of this writing, the patient had remained disease-free for 1 year after resection. This case is being reported to improve the clinical recognition of FDCS.     

儿童分泌性中耳炎误诊漏诊分析

分泌性中耳炎（secretoryotitismedia,SOM）是儿童常见多发病之一,有资料表明,该病占学龄儿童体检人数的10％,占儿童耳鼻咽喉科患病数的3．6％,是儿童听力下降的常见原因[1];如不合理诊治,可能导致儿童听力障碍及言语、智力发育不良等。2009—01—2012—09期间在我科门诊和住院治疗的资料完整的236例（260耳）SOM患儿,发生误诊漏诊的22例（30耳）进行回顾性分析,现报告如下。     

重视容易被误诊的内分泌疾病

内分泌疾病常导致多个系统器官功能异常,可首诊于医院各科室,由于缺乏特异性临床症状,使得相关疾病诊断过程疑难,易于误诊。但是,一些疾病有迹可循,误诊是可以减少或避免的。如糖尿病酮症酸中毒、甲状腺功能减退症、肾上腺皮质功能减退症,在平时多积累、多学习,在接诊患儿时认真询问病史、全面细致地查体以便发现蛛丝马迹,在进行鉴别诊断时仔细严密推理,不迷信实验室检查检查结果,注重整体而非局部,将有助于减少表现为普通常见症状的内分泌疾病误诊率。     

30例宫角妊娠彩色多普勒超声诊断及误诊分析

目的探讨彩色多普勒超声（CDFI）在宫角妊娠诊断中的价值,以提高彩色多普勒超声对宫角妊娠的诊断水平。方法回顾性分析我院收治并经宫腔镜或手术后病理证实的30例宫角妊娠患者的声像图表现及术前超声诊断资料。结果声像图表现为孕囊型（11例）,包块型（19例）。术前超声诊断符合率73.3%（22/30）,其中2例2～7 d后随诊演变为宫内妊娠;4例误诊为输卵管间质部妊娠;1例误诊为子宫肌瘤并宫内可疑早孕;1例误诊为滋养细胞疾病。结论彩色多普勒超声对宫角妊娠具有重要的诊断价值,目前超声仍是诊断宫角妊娠的主要手段之一。     

朱震亨从脾胃病探析误诊误治

[目的] 通过探析《局方发挥》之脾胃病误诊误治,以期指导与改进现代医家临床治疗。[方法] 对《局方发挥》之脾胃病误诊误治进行整理分析,揭示朱震亨从脾胃病探析误诊误治的特色。[结果] 朱震亨从脾胃病论误诊误治的特色:1)《和剂局方》具有误导性脾胃病治疗的中医知识,导致当时医者与患者误诊误治脾胃病。2)《和剂局方》引起的脾胃病误诊误治问题,主要可分成两类:辨证失误和治法失误。3)辨证失误所导致的误诊误治包括忽视审证求因、认为“诸寒为病”、误辨寒热虚实等。4)治法失误包括“一方通治诸病”、滥用辛香燥热药组方、利用砒丹巴硇行积垢、修改汤剂为丸剂、用峻剂盲目祛邪及错误滋补等。[结论] 朱震亨在《局方发挥》指出当时脾胃病的误诊误治问题,显示出了其独特见解,对现代医家治疗脾胃病,具有一定的指导作用与参考价值。